雅思阅读长难句分析

1. 【雅思长难句分析】 1-5雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 1And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 2Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa（反之 ） often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 3How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andAppropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 4There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theResearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 5Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a coutnry s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.1-5 答案 答案：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是 and it is imaginedthat,andtha是典 型的句型it + is + p. p.（过去分词）+ that clause, it是形式主语，句 子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and连接。 operation此处不能译成操作II,根据上下文应译成-活动II,这里的 processes要译成、维过程,而不能简单地理解成过程I 译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程 相比，认为这些、维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握,答案：whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.要点：句子的框架是 whether or often depends on。whether or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语， financing 这里根据上下文要译成 经 费投入 ,；介词结构 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 the issue 的后置定语， of 介词结构中又包含了 which 引导的介词宾语从句。译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经 费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量答案：how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.要点：句子的框架是 howdepends onandon。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depe nds o后面跟了两个 由anc连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词 with + which弓I导的 定语从句修饰先行词 the skill and wisdom。译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实， 这取决于所采用 信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智答案：there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.要点： 句子的框架是 there is no agreement whether主句是there is no agreement, agreeme后面紧跟了由 whether引 导的同位语从 句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语 refers to跟了两个由连 词 or连接的并列宾语： a. the con cepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry 。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组 peculiar to historical work和介词词组in gen era作后置定语修饰the con cepts在第二个宾语 中同样有形容词词组 appropriate to of historical ind作后置定 语修饰 the research tech nique。译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念， 还是指历史探 究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。答案：furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.,an ctthht要点：句子的框架是 furthermore, it is obvious that典型的句型 it + is + obvious + that clause。 it 是形式主语，真正的主语 是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句：a. that the strength isbound with ;b. and that thisrests upon thes e第ot个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是占有关联 之意；在第二个主语从 句中，代词 this指代前文的 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, 译为强率的提高It 译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又2. 【雅思长难句分析】 6-10雅思阅读长难句分析6What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 7There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 8it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individualsto putrientaobliefe, rather thanand societies derives from what we what we try to get out of it.6-10 答案 答案：what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.要点：句子的框架是 what is the hormone melatonin which is。what引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部分中由 which引导了非限制性定语从句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是-时差综合症II, blues不能译成 色I,而是忧郁之意。译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素， 人 们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。答案：there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak. 要点：句子的框架是 there are kids , and demographers predict that这是一个并列复合句，在第二个并列分句中，谓语动词predict 后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句；在that宾语从句中，a population bigger tha n eve n the baby boom at its pea是35 millio n tee ns 的同位语。译文：12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有 3100万,人口学家预测,到2010 年他们将达到 3500万,比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多 答案：it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid. 要点：句子的框架是it seemed but what was that句子由but 连接的两个并列分句构成： a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared tobe happe ning was that 在第二个分句中，what 引导了主语从句担任主语，that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成-注射I, 根据上下文要译成-注入,译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑， 这几乎是难以令 人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。答案：it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.要点： 句子的框架是 it is surprisingthat education system havebeen criticized, on thetgaO undit 是形式主语，真正的主 语是that引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了 that引导的同位语从 句 that educati on prepares people to live in an already outdated society 介词词组on the ground中ground的同位语，ground这里的意思是 根 据,。译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评， 就不那么令人 感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时 的社会中生存。答案：there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individualsto putrientaobliefe, rather thanand societies derives from what we what we try to get out of it.要点：句子的框架是 there are grounds for thinking that the healthderives from what ,rather than wh介词结构 for thinking中包含了 that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语；而这个宾语从句中又 包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句： a. what we re able to put into life; b.what we try to get out of it.两个宾语从句由 rather than连接。 译文：至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量， 我们对生活 能够付出多少而不是我们能向生活取得多少。3. 【雅思长难句分析】 11-15 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 11it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 12experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 13the announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic-projects in recent aerospace engineering.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 14 a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 15 yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.11-15 答案 答案：It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.要点：句子的框架是 it becomes that, if ,there will have to be it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是句子的真正主语，在that从句中， if引导了条件状语从句。译文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为 他们提供大量关于课程的更为 详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。答案：experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.要点： 句子的框架是 experts are debating whether we should ,or encourage 句子的主语部分是 experts are debating ，而whether or引导了宾语从句作谓语动词are debating勺宾语。其中 burdenwith 是使背上负担I之意； 在后半句 or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts中，两个并列的不定式短语 to relieve of 和to freeitoderstand 作目的状语。另外，词组relievesomebody of something指减轻I 译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担， 还是应该鼓励他们使用 计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的） 数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。答案：The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic-projects in recent aerospace engineering.要点： 句子的框架是 the announcement that is has decided brings an end to 。主语the announcemen后面跟了一个that引导的同位语从句， 在that从句中，动词不定式短语to build called the sonic cruise plan的后置定语，而不定式短语中的过去分词短语called the so niccruiser作plane的后置定语；破折号之后的 and some sa是插入语。译文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫音速游艇I的新潮、高速飞机 的计划，这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力 还有人称纯属空 想的计划落了空。答案：A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. 要点： 句子的框架是 a religious sect declared that ,but it offered这个句子中，由but连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句 中，由 that引导的定语从句 that contends that by cloning thems修Ves 饰先行词a religious sect,而定语从句中又包含了 that引导的宾语从句 作动词contend啲宾语。译文：一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第 一个克隆人已出生，但它没有谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。答案：yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.要点：定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构， 翻译成前置的定语词组。 译文：然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中， 都没有发 现这种影响：光速没有变化。4. 【雅思长难句分析】 16-20雅思阅读长难句分析 ：16if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系） would be about 1/25th the speed of light 雅思阅读长难句分析 ：17but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.雅思阅读长难句分析 ：18as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image isproduced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.雅思阅读长难句分析 ：19to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed toplay the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ：20at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.16-20 答案答案：if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系） would be about 1/25th the speed of light. 译文：如果探测体需要，比如说， 100年时间来生成自己的副体，那 么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平均速度大约为光速的 1/25 答案：17. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.要点：在限制性定语从句中有一个固定短语 rather than,我们还是把 它翻译成稍复杂的带-的的定语从句。译文：但是,这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电 力的那些铁路上。答案：18. as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured. 要点：在这句的定语从句中,有现在分词作前置定语,及过去分词作 后置定语,翻译成前置的定语 词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。 译文：因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电 子更多，所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度， 使正在描述的荧 幕上的光强度成倍增强。答案：to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed. 要点：这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。 译文：在最初的几年里，杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消 灭这些杂草，需要有效的除草剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。 答案：at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command. 要点：在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句 of which he is in comma nc的痕迹。定语从句完全融入汉语翻译中。译文：在大的铁路终点站， 站长的工作主要是行政管理的，这是由于 车站运营范围广、工作人员多。5. 【雅思长难句分析】 21-25雅思阅读长难句分析21attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 22 although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 23one is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous surface IIwhich visible light photons （光子） freely emerge.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 24rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 25congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George washington as its commander in chief.21-25 答案 答案：attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching aswinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.要点：定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句，用人称代词 它 I代替先行 词吊架灯II。译文：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架， 它随着气流时而划一个大弧，时而划一个小弧。答案：although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.译文：虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很讨厌 上这所慕尼黑的中学。 在这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权 威的服从。答案：one is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous surface 。which visible light photons （光子） freely emerge.要点：本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句， 为了 符合汉语表达习惯，我们将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。 译文：一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光 子从中源源涌出。答案：rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.要点：在语义上， 定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，因此我们将定 语从句译为原因状语从句。译文：火箭在太空中运行最佳， 因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大 气。答案：congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.要点：定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。 译文：代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议， 而现在则发展到 招募兵员并推选乔治 ? 华盛顿为总司令了。6. 【雅思长难句分析】 26-30 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 26 this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 27 other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 28in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 29medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant. 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 30 behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 26-30 答案： this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.要点：句子的框架是 the food supply will not increase. to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis .。. 关系代词 which 引导非 限制性定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译时译成另一个分句。在这个从句中又包含了一个由that引导的名词从句作mean啲宾语。指 示代词this在这儿指代上文的人口增长。译文：食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长， 这就意味着我们在粮食 的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。答案：other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.要点：句子的框架是 other issues that concern .，. are not easily linkedto.，save at,这是一个含有that引导的定语从句的长主句，other issues是主语，也是先行词。such as引导并列成分。谓语是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在这个句子中 相当于一except意为-除了。 II body politico译为国家I。 译文：除了在教育层次上， 其他一些与国家息息相关的问题， 如犯罪、 贫穷和福利都难以与公共支持的科研相提并论。答案：in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.要点：句子的框架是 in the greek heritage., myth has always been., which signified。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰reasor。 在这个句子中，which引导的非限制性定语从句兼有状语从句的功 能，翻译时可视作原因状语从句翻译。reason在此句中不译为原因、 理由h应译为理性llo译文：在西方希腊遗产中， 神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态，因为 理性意味着对现实进行合情合理、符合实际的分析和描述 答案：medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant. 要点：句子的框架是 medicine, like all., needs scholars who are able to.。. like all branches of scienee是插入语。关系代词 who引导定语修饰 scholars在这个从句中包含一个名词从句 一what is relevan作 determine的宾语。flowing stream of new data在此译为新数据流 l apply.to在此句中译为把应用于l译文：正像所有的科学分支一样，医学也需要这类学者，他们既能开 发适当的实证规则l又能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中 去，进而确定哪些信息是相关的。答案：behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 要点：句子的框架是 behaviorists suggest that the child whois.envioronment where there are.stimuli which develop.willexperienee greater.。that引导名词从句做sugges的宾语。在这个从句 中又包含三个定语从句，一层套一层。从句中的主语是the child，谓语是 will experienee greater intelleetual developmen。关系代词 who弓丨导 定语从句修饰child。关系副词where引导定语从句修饰environment。关系代词which引导定语从句修饰stimuli。stimuli译为刺激物IL 译文：行为主义者指出， 如果一个孩子在有很多刺激物的环境中长大， 那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。7. 【雅思长难句分析】 31-35雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 31my idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up 雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 32that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 33these new-age executives are likely to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 34this is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel and high-precision fittings.雅思阅读长难句分析 ： 35they send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second.31-35 答案 答案：my idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 要点：句子的框架是 my idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are . movement that gets their heart rates up关系副词 where引丨导定语 从句修饰one,而关系代词that引导定语从句修饰movemenl one指代a good P.E. class。译文：谈到一堂好的体育课,我的想法是,青年人在体育课中至少要 进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.要点：句子的框架是 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down . by new settlers