2018年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案解析

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018年职称英语理工A真题及答案解析（红色字体为答案）第1部分 词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。1. This was disaster oncosmicscale.A. modest B. commercial C.hugeD. nationalcosmic：极其广阔的2. New secretaries came and went withmonotonousregularity.A. amazing B. depressing C. predictable D.dullmonotonous：单调的，枯燥乏味的3. A persons wealth is often ininverseproportion to their happiness.A. equal B. certain C. large D.oppositeinverse：相反的4. His professional careerspanned16 years.A. started B. changed C.lastedD. movedspanned：跨越时间5. The symptoms of the diseasemanifestedthemselves ten days later.A. eased B. improved C. relieved D.appeared提示：该题出现出题错误原题：The symptoms of the diseasemanifestedthemselves ten years later.A. eased (减轻，缓解) B. improved(提高改进)B. relieved(减轻，缓解) D. appeared(出现)解析：答案选项D是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语。6. The group does notadvocatethe use of violence.A. limit B.supportC. regulate D. opposeadvocate：提倡，拥护7. She felt that she had done her gooddeedfor the day.A.actB. homework C. justice D. model8. Some of the larger birds can remainstationaryin the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB. silent C. seated D. truestationary：静止的，固定的9. There was aninclinationto treat geography as a less important subject.A. point B. result C. finding D.tendencyinclination：倾向10. His stomach felthollowwith fear.A. sincere B. respectful C.emptyD. terriblehollow：空的11. The committee was asked torendera report on the housing situation.A. copy B. publish C. summarize D.furnishrender：提供12. That uniform makes the guards lookabsurd.A. serious B. beautiful C. impressive D.ridiculousabsurd：荒谬的，荒唐的13. The departmentdeferredthe decision for six months.A.put offB. arrived at C. abided by D. protested againstdeferred：推迟14. The original experiment cannot be exactlyduplicated.A. invented B.reproducedC. designed D. reportedduplicated：复制15. The country was torn apart bystrife.A.conflictB. poverty C. war D. economystrife：冲突第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Experience the world in 3D gameEver wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Systmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees as a player steers them through Place Vend洀攀 in Paris.Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars, says Schmidt-Morand.The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animals vision. Dassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的), says Schmidt-Morand. So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality.The rats view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area, says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rats position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.16. The game developed by Dassault Systems is the first 3D game recreating(再现) the vision(视觉) of different species.A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned文章中相关句:Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species . The online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Daasault, with the guidance of . mimics (模仿) the vision of five animals - cats,17. Dassults 3D software takes different perspective like color perception and angle of vision into account.A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned文章中的相关句：due to differences in field of view, color perception and night vision, for example, be drastically different from species to species. Dassaults 3 D allows be modified by adding blur(模糊区域) or changing the colors, angle of vision and depth of18. The animals views in the software are the same as those in reality.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned文章中的相关句：“We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的),” says Schmidt-Morand. “So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to(忠于) reality.”19. Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans.A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned文章中的相关句：Haws have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view.20. It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rats view because theyre near sighted.A. Right B. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案相关句：If there is interest from schools and zoos， the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.22. Schmidt-Morands favorite animal is cat.A. Right B. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分、概括大意与完成句子23. Paragraph 2 _B_24. Paragraph 3 _C_25. Paragraph 4 _D_26. Paragraph 5 _F_A. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF.A prediction of future climate change27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _D_.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _A_.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _E_.30.After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _B_.A. the exposed groundB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. recorded historyE. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts第4部分 阅读理解第一篇 A new strategy to overcome breast cancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2018.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”She added:”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn thesefindings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”31. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _.A. breathing exerciseB. regular walkingC. recreational activityD. lifestyle choices32. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patels study that _.A. women have fewer chances of physical activityB. daily walking could cut the chance of breastcancerC. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer riskD. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer文章中的相关句：We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.33. Dr. Alpa Patel was _.A. head of the survey studyB. chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC. chair of the American Cancer SocietyD. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign文章中的相关句：Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist(流行病学家) at the American Cancer Society is Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study,.34.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women文章中的相关句 Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity.A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B. the study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects., so it ( the study) could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.D. irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal(绝经后的) women35. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _. A. continuableB. affordableC. availableD. persistent continuable(可持续的)D: persistent：尤指不好或不受欢迎的状态或情况持续存在的，继续发生的;执著的;不屈不挠的文章中的相关句：The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us第二篇 The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!36. The solar wind comes into being as a result of _.A. disappearance of the Suns gravity.B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.D. a stream of particles being blown away.干扰项：a stream of particles being blown away文章中的相关句：Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind.37. What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth?A. A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time.B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the ?文章中的相关句：The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.38. The Northern Lights are created when_A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.B. the magnetic field lines fail tore connect.C. the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors.D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.文章中的相关句： The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic (原子的)particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules(分子) in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.39.Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights?A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or CanadaC. They are very close to the ground.D. They are very long and thick.文章中的相关句：Watching auroras(北极光) is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.40. What is the authors tone toward the Northern Lights?A. IndifferentB. SarcasticC. SharpD. AppreciativeAppreciative (欣赏的)文章中的相关句：(文章最后一句)We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!第三篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a GlanceBored of using a mouse? Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smart phone or tablet(平板电脑) with nothing more than a glance.A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smart phone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midastouch(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. Imagine if your mouse clicke down everything it pointed at, he says.Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism, he says. This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, main stream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.41. The eye-tracker technology enables us to_A. change our computer screen.B. focus on anything that interests us.C. get a smart phone connected wirelessly.D. move an object from screen with a glance.文章中的相关句：(第二段) A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.42. Why is a button needed?A.