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Unit1 Festivals around the world一、单词拼写一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. _ hvist vt & vi 收割收割 2. _ stvvt&vi饿死饿死3. _ 、indi pendntadj.独立的独立的;自主的自主的 4. _ gri kltrl adj.农业的农业的,农艺的农艺的 5. _ d mi vt.赞美赞美;钦佩钦佩6. _ drun vt & vi淹没淹没;溺死溺死 7. _ wip vt.擦擦;擦去擦去 8. _ kristn n.基督徒基督徒9. _ bi lif n.信任信任;信心信心10. _ wip vi.哭泣哭泣;流泪流泪 harveststarveindependentagriculturaladmiredrownwipeChristianweep belief11. _ f givvt .原谅原谅;饶恕饶恕12. _ ri lids adj.宗教上的宗教上的;虔诚的虔诚的 13. _ 、en detik adj.充满活力的充满活力的;精力精力充沛的充沛的 14. _ bvisadj.显而易见的显而易见的 15. _ 、seli brein n.庆祝庆祝;庆贺庆贺16. _ nsistn.祖先祖先;祖宗祖宗 17. _ kstmn.习惯习惯;风俗风俗18. _ ni sesiti n.必要性必要性;需要需要19. _ pri diknn.预言预言;预报预报; 20. _ nunsn.广播员广播员;报幕员报幕员announcer forgive religiousenergeticobviouscelebrationancestorcustomnecessityprediction二、单词运用二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，以及首字母根据句子的结构和意义，以及首字母的提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。的提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。1. What do you hope to g_ from the course?2. Missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any h_.3. On a_ at the police station, they were taken to an interview room. (到达到达)4. Jack has passed his examination, so were going out to c_.5. Whole communities s_ to death during the long drought. (饿死饿死)starved gain harmarrivalcelebrate6. Her unhappy childhood was the o_ of her problems later in life.7. The school is widely a_ for its excellent teaching.8. A crowd g_ to see what had happened.9. In my village, it is the c_ for a girl to take her mothers name10. Shes dreaming shell meet a tall, dark, h_ man by chance in the street.handsomeoriginadmiredgatheredcustom三、词语派生三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The children were wearing traditional _ dress. (nation)2. Mexico gained its _ from Spain in l821. (depend)3. A local poor peasant _ the soldiers through the forest. (leader)4. There is no doubt that the basic needs of the people should be _ first. (satisfy)5. The countrys economy is mainly _ and depends on crops like coffee. (agriculture)national independence led satisfied agricultural 6. Most British schools organize _ events for the students. (society)7. I tried aerobics (有氧运动有氧运动) but it was too _ for me. (energy)8. Hes deeply _ and goes to church twice a week. (religion)9. I hate the smell of paint when Im _. (decorate)10. You were _ enough to believe him. (fool)social energetic religious decorating foolish 四、词组互译四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1. _ 发生，举行发生，举行 2. _ 节日和庆祝活动节日和庆祝活动3. _ 为了纪念为了纪念4. _ 以以形式形式 5. _ 打扮打扮6. _ 开玩笑，恶作剧开玩笑，恶作剧7. _ 用用装饰装饰 8. _ 聚集在一起聚集在一起9. _ 盼望，期待盼望，期待 10. _ 日日夜夜日日夜夜take placefestivals and celebrationsin memory ofin the shape ofdress upplay a trick ondecorate with get togetherlook forward today and night11. _ as though12. _ have fun with13. _ be proud of14. _ turn up15. _ keep ones word16. _ hold ones breath17. _ get married to18. _ set off19. _ remind of20. _ throw away扔掉扔掉 好像好像玩得开心玩得开心为为骄傲骄傲出现，露面出现，露面遵守诺言遵守诺言屏息屏息与某人结婚与某人结婚出发，动身出发，动身提醒某人某事提醒某人某事五、词组运用五、词组运用据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。组并用其适用的形式填空。1. You dont need to _, just to go to the pub jeans and a T-shirt will do.2. The police may never discover what _ that night, because Mr Smith, the only eyewitness, died last night.3. Mom, dont worry about me. I am _ other boys.4. Luckily, help arrived _ a police officer.5. Its acceptable to _ your friends on April 1st.play tricks on dress uptook placehaving fun within the shape of6. The government set up a monument _ the heroes who died in the war.7. Im _ hearing from you.8. He behaved _ he hadnt known anything about it.9. Those workers worked _ to finish the task.10. _ and count 1 to 10.hold your breath in memory oflooking forward toas thoughday and night长句难句：长句难句：（supplementary reference materials） 一一补充注释补充注释 1 . At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the clod winter months .在那个在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。Starve (v.)1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死挨饿；饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数百万人挨饿至死。战争中数百万人挨饿至死。2) starve for sth ; starve sb of sth: ( cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人）得不到某使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children were starved for love .这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。3）to feel very hungry 感觉很饿。仅用感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态于进行时态 When will dinner be ready ? Im starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。starvation (n.) :(U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨饿；饿死挨饿；饿死 die of starvation 饿死饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的不够维持基本生活的工资工资2. or satisfy the ancestors , who could return either to help or to do harm. 或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也可能带来危害。助，也可能带来危害。 harm (n.): damage, injury 损害；损害； 伤害伤害 do harm to sb (习俗习俗) = harm sb 伤害某人伤害某人come to harm: be injured physically , mentally or morally 身体上身体上精神上或道义上受到损害，通精神上或道义上受到损害，通常用于否定式常用于否定式Ill go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. 我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。我要和她一同去以免她受到伤害。do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利弊大于利If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能是弊大于利。是弊大于利。 harm (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth) 损损害或伤害某人害或伤害某人/某事物某事物 This event didnt harm his reputation. 这个事件没有损害他的名誉。这个事件没有损害他的名誉。3. Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。亡者的灵魂会返回人间。 origin (n.) : the place or situation in which something begins to exist 起源；由来，可起源；由来，可用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作用做可数名词或不可数名词，通常用作复数形式复数形式The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages . 这个传统发源于中世纪。这个传统发源于中世纪。He told me it was a word of unknown origin. 他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。他告诉我这是个词源不详的词。belief (n.): an idea that you believe to be true, especially one that forms part of a system of ideas 信任；信心；信仰。信任；信心；信仰。注意：注意： belief 通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名通常用作不可数名词，当作可数名词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时词时，词义略不同于用作不可数名词时 religious beliefs 宗教信仰宗教信仰 Several members hold very strong political beliefs. 有些成员有着强烈的政治理念。有些成员有着强烈的政治理念。4. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他万圣节如今成了孩子们的节目，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。 dress (v.): to put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣服。穿衣服。可作及物或不及物动词。可作及物或不及物动词。dress up 是动词词组是动词词组, 意思使是意思使是 to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someone dress (n.) 1) C garment for a woman or girl , consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece ; frock 连衣裙连衣裙,(上下连身的上下连身的)女装女装 She makes all the dresses for her daughter. 她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。2) U clothes, esp. outer garments, for either men or women 衣服（男女均可）衣服（男女均可） casual dress 便服便服Explanation 1. Festival are meant to celebrate important times of year. mean 的用法的用法1). mean doing sth. mean doing sth. 的意思是的意思是“意味着意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。其主语通常是指事物的词。 2). mean to do sth. mean to do sth. 的意思是的意思是“打算打算或企图做某事或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本本来打算做某事来打算做某事”。 3). mean sb. to do sth. mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是的意思是“打打算让某人做某事算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结，也可以用于被动结构。构。 4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句后接名词、副词或从句 mean 后接名词或副词，意为后接名词或副词，意为“表示；打算；存心表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接等意思；后接that 从句，意为从句，意为“表示表示”。 5). be meant for 该短语的意思是该短语的意思是“打算给予；打打算给予；打算作算作用用”。 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。A想一想想一想2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. 讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，和人们在那天所做庆祝的是什么事件，和人们在那天所做的事。的事。 TAKE PLACE 发生；发生；举行举行 The performance didnt take place after all. 演出终于没有进行。演出终于没有进行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？与与PLACE相关短语：相关短语： in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点（用于列举理由）首先，第一点 in the last place 最后最后 in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位放在原来的位置，就位 in place of 代替，用代替，用而不用而不用 take ones place 找某人接替某人的位置找某人接替某人的位置 Great changes _ in the rural areas in the last two decades. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happeningA take place 不能用于被动语态中，句中不能用于被动语态中，句中短语短语 in the last two decades 可确定可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。句子的时态为现在完成时。大家注意了！3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere. of all kinds 各种各样的各种各样的【归纳【归纳】all kinds of 各种各样各种各样的的the same kind of 相同种类相同种类的的different kinds of 不同种类不同种类的的this/that kind of 这（那）这（那）种种a kind of 某种某种 That kind of question is very difficult to answer. = Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. 那类问题是很难解答的。那类问题是很难解答的。 We sell all kinds of shoes. = We sell shoes of all kinds. 我们卖各式各样的鞋。我们卖各式各样的鞋。 You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。PRACTICE Books of this kind _ (sell) well in the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell) well in the bookstore. 句中谓语动词的单复数由句中谓语动词的单复数由“books”确定。确定。句中的谓语动词由句中的谓语动词由“kind”确定。确定。（用动词的适当形式填空）（用动词的适当形式填空） sellsells4. would starve if food was difficult to find, . 如果食物难找到如果食物难找到, 他们会挨饿。他们会挨饿。 starve v. 挨饿挨饿; 饿死饿死 He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。 starve to death 饿死饿死5. originorigin n. 起源；源头起源；源头 the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源。地球上生命的起源。 6. in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人纪念某人 The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立的。的。7. dress up dress作及物动词时作及物动词时, 不接不接clothes之类之类的表示衣服的名词的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句而是接表示人的句词或代词词或代词, 意思是意思是“给给穿衣服穿衣服”。当。当表示自己穿衣服时表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词则用反身代词, 如：如： Wake up children and dress them. 唤醒孩子唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。给他们穿上衣服。dress的过去分词常用来构成的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与与be dressed短语短语, 前者表前者表示示 动态动态, 后者表示静态后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服穿何种衣服, 则用介词则用介词in. 如：如： Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。快点穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。dress up是是“穿上最好的衣服穿上最好的衣服”, 常常指指“打扮打扮,化装化装”，如，如:You should dress up when you take part in the party.She is _ in red today and looks very beautiful.A. wearingB. having onC. dressingD. dressedD. dressed8. awards award. n. 奖奖, 奖品奖品 v. 判给判给, 授予授予award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物奖赏某人某物辨析辨析: award 和和reward：award后接双宾语后接双宾语 award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章授予某人奖章reward 奖赏奖赏, 给给报酬报酬, 不能接双宾不能接双宾语语;reward sb. for sth. 因因 奖赏某人；奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某用某物酬劳某人人用力想啊！ She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 一上午的刻苦学习后一上午的刻苦学习后, 她冲一杯她冲一杯咖啡来奖赏自己。咖啡来奖赏自己。9. admire admire v. 意为意为“赞赏赞赏;钦佩钦佩;羡慕羡慕;赞美赞美;夸奖夸奖”注意注意: 表示表示“在某方面钦佩某人在某方面钦佩某人”用用“admire sb. for sth.” We all admire him for his courage and bravery.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。10. look forward to look forward to (doing) sth. 意为意为期待着期待着(做做)某事某事, 其中的其中的to是介词是介词, 而而不是动词不定式符号。不是动词不定式符号。 Boys and girls are looking forward to Spring Festival. 孩子们渴盼着过年。孩子们渴盼着过年。 Hes looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。他期待着笔友来信。11. as thoughas though和和as if没有什么区别。没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。(1) 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 当从句主语和主句主语一致当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓从句谓语中又含有动词语中又含有动词to be时时, 可以把主语可以把主语和和to be一起省去。一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。好像寻找什么。(2) 引导表语从句引导表语从句 It looks as if its going to rain 看样子天要下雨了。看样子天要下雨了。 as though和和as if从句用虚拟语气从句用虚拟语气,还还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或或者纯粹是一种假设者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。12. have fun with have fun意为意为“过得快乐过得快乐”同义同义词组为词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth. 1. But she didnt turn up. 1) 来来, 出席出席(某活动某活动) Im very happy you turned up so early. 2) 把把(收音机等收音机等)音量开大一些音量开大一些, 其其反义短语是反义短语是turn down.Language pointsturn down 拒绝拒绝turn off 关掉关掉turn on 打开打开turn out 结果是结果是.turn to sb. for help 向某人求助向某人求助相关短语相关短语: Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program. 2. She said she would be there at seven oclock, and he thought she would keep her word. keep ones word 意为意为“守信守信用用”,其反义词是其反义词是break ones word, 即即“失信失信”。 He is a man who always keeps his word. Dont break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you. 注意：注意：keep ones word和和break ones word中的名词中的名词word不能用复数形式。不能用复数形式。相关短语：相关短语：in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之简言之；总之have a word with sb. 与某人谈话与某人谈话have words with sb. 与某人发生口角与某人发生口角in other words 换句话说换句话说A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; wordsB 3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. obvious adj. 1) obvious + to + 表示人的名词或代词表示人的名词或代词 Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.明显的，明显的， 清楚的清楚的 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger. 辨析辨析： obvious/apparent/clear obvious 是三者中程度最强的，是三者中程度最强的，含有含有“一目了然一目了然” 之意。之意。 It is obvious that you are wrong. 2) apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。 It was apparent from his face that he was lying. 3) clear 作作“明白的，清楚的明白的，清楚的”讲。指讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 He seems clear about his plans. 4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she . marry 的用法：的用法： 1) 她嫁给了一个律师。她嫁给了一个律师。 She married with a lawyer. She married a doctor. TF 表示表示“和和.结婚结婚”，“嫁嫁.”，“娶娶.”时，时，marry为及物动词，要为及物动词，要用用marry sb.，而不用，而不用marry with sb. 2) 她和一位律师结婚了她和一位律师结婚了。 She got married with a lawyer. She got married a lawyer. She was married to a lawyer. FFT 表示婚姻状态表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介后接宾语时要用介词词to， 而不用而不用with. 3) 他们结婚三年了。他们结婚三年了。 They have married for three years. They have got married for three years. They have been married for three years. They got married three years ago. Its three years since they got married.注意：注意：marry和和get married 都表示短都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而用，而have been married则表示婚姻则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off: Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd.动身动身, 出发出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力使某物更有吸引力 A woman beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery.相关短语：相关短语： set about doing sth. 着手（做某事）着手（做某事） set in 开始开始 set up 建立，创立建立，创立 set down 写下，记下写下，记下 set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态使某人处于某种动的状态 6. I dont want them to remind me of her. remind vi. remind sb. of sth.提醒，使想起提醒，使想起 What you said just now _ me of that American professor. A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that C情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除不能单独做谓语，除ought 和和have 外，后面只能接不带外，后面只能接不带to 的的不定式。不定式。 2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去也有一般式和过去式的变化。式的变化。3） 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。间、过去时间和将来时间。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力：表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话的推测表示说话的推测事物的可能性等事物的可能性等: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许: eg. Can I sit here? can 和和could：2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语但语气较气较can客气、委婉客气、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和和could接动词的完成形式，表接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑用在否定和疑问句中问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 eg. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.may 和和might ： may 常用来表示：常用来表示： A. 表示请求、允许表示请求、允许;比比can较为正式较为正式: eg. May I come in ? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测: “也许也许” “可可能能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。 eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，在肯定句中，may 的可能性比的可能性比can 高，高，may 表示现实的可能性，表示现实的可能性，can 表示表示理论上的可能性。如：理论上的可能性。如： The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但语气较正式但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如允许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 除了在间接引语中以外，除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许表示过去的许可可以用可可以用was( were) allowed to 或者或者 had permission to 。 表示现在的可能，其可能性要比表示现在的可能，其可能性要比 may 小。如：小。如： She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可表示现在的许可, 语气比语气比may 较委婉较委婉, 一般用于疑问句一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句包括间接疑问句), 不可不可用于肯定句或者否定句。用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？我可以和你说句话吗？WILL和和WOULD： 1. will是助动词或是情态动词？是助动词或是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示表示“意志意志”“”“决心决心”“”“请求请求”是情态是情态动词。动词。would亦同理。亦同理。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。我要告诉你一些重要的事。 （助动词）（助动词） Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词）（情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。求或询问。 eg: If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助如果你需要帮助, 让我知道让我知道, 好吗好吗? Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？请坐下，好吗？ 3. would比比will客气委婉。客气委婉。 eg: Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）（表请求）Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。老师不会允许这件事。（表意愿）（表意愿）（表许可）（表许可）SHALL和和SHOULD： 1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心决心” 是情态动词。是情态动词。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时（构成一般将来时, 助动词）助动词） Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。我必须立即去。 （表（表 “决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词） 2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意表示义务、建议、劝告，意为为 “应该应该”。 “should+ have+过去分过去分词词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。她应该通过考试的。MUST和和 HAVE TO1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must 和和have to 稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重说明主观着重说明主观看法，看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 You must be the new teacher. He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，表示对某人某事的猜测， 作作“准准是是”，“一定一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.4. must表示表示“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”，指做令人，指做令人不快的事情不快的事情1. -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntBPractice 2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would beA4. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA5. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. needntC6.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. ( ) A. cant be B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt be D. couldnt have beenD7.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toD8. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A.must B. can C. may D. willC9. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. may D. mightC10. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.might B. should C. can D. willA11.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldntA12. -When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C.
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