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第24讲 信息的表述 2 本文着重讲述了美国的政府特许学校(charter school)的相关情况：它的定义、与传统学校对比之异同以及存在的问题等。 71. Charter schools直接题。综合全文可以得出。思路点拨思路点拨 72. Definition / Meaning概括题。思路点拨思路点拨 73. Receiving tax money改写题。根据第三段“It receives tax money to operate a number of students.”可得出。思路点拨思路点拨 74. agreement (or charter)直接题。根据第三段“These governments provide the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.”可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 75. Differences概括题。对比上面similarities可得。思路点拨思路点拨 76. teaching contents改写题。根据第四段“Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.”可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 77. how to reach / ways to reach / ways of reaching改写题。根据第五段 “Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach those goals.”可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 78. fewer改写题。根据第五段 “Class sizes are usually smaller than in many traditional public schools.” 可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 79traditional public schools直接题。由倒数第二段“They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools.”可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 80. (needed) space直接题。根据最后一段 “Many also lack needed space.”可判断。思路点拨思路点拨 理解是前提，而表述是目的和归宿。要正确、有效地表述信息要注意以下几点： 一、注意文字的简洁性 有以下几个规律可循： (1)用名词所有格形式“s”代替介词of。 (2)词性转换。 (3)句子结构转换。主要通过加工压缩信息抓住要点。言简意赅， 击中要害。因此怎样加工压缩信息就成了广大考生必备的一种技能。 阅读填空题要掌握以下几种技能： 词形转换的能力。主要是看其前后的动词形式再作确认。如果前后都是动词原形那就不变；如果前后是v.ing形式， 那就要随其变形。 删减多余词汇的能力。一般主要是删去不影响主要意思表达的修饰词汇。如形容词、副词、冠词等等。 以群体代替个体。如有的将a/an n.变为其对应的复数形式。 原意改换能力。可以用同义或近义词代替；或用反义词或派生词改换；或用从句改写；或用意思接近的名词短语代替原句较长的句子。同义、近义词归纳同义、近义词归纳1. run out (of) lack use up give out 用光， 用尽2. take place of replace代替， 替代3. no matter what whatever不管什么4. international worldwide global universal throughout the world all over the world全世界5. come into being come into existence appear形成， 源于6. in the countryside in rural areas在乡下in the city in urban areas在城里7. besides as well as whats more apart from in addition而且， 除了8. split break sth. apart destroy damage撕裂， 毁坏9. come out publish出版， 发行10. remove get rid of拆除， 移走11. immediately directly instantly secondly the moment the minute upon/on doing as soon as一就12. solutions to do sth. ways to do sth./ways of doing sth. approaches to do sth.做某事的方法13. every year yearly annual每年， 年年14. make sb. have the ability to do sth. enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事15. a growing number an increasing number越来越多16. work out a plan make a plan 制订计划17. like sth. better prefer更喜欢18. make sth. better improve使某物变好19. take the advantage of make full / good use of 充分利用20. be aware of know realize become conscious of知道， 意识到21. believe in trust have faith/trust in相信， 信任22. give up abandon stop quit放弃23. go to a foreign country go abroad出国24. be not present at be absent from缺席25. be present at attend出席， 参加26. take in absorb吸收27. speed up quicken accelerate加速28. occasionally accidentally incidentally once in a while偶尔29. accomplishcomplete get through完成30. because of due to on account of owing to thanks to因为，由于31. occupy account for make up构成， 占32. accuse of charge with控告33. look up to admire show respect for钦佩，仰慕34. grownup adult成人(的)35. move forward advance前进36. have an effect/influence on affect影响37. later on afterwards 之后38. be afraid of be scared of be terrified at fear be frightened 害怕39. disapprove of oppose object to disagree to be against反对40. by oneself alone 独自地41. lose ones temper get angry/annoyed发怒42. make sth. known to the public announce declare宣布43. reply to answer make response to react to回答44. be anxious about be concerned about be worried about担心45. make an apology to say sorry to apologize道歉46. appeal to interest attract吸引47. give birth to bear生育48. cause trouble to bother disturb打扰， 妨碍49. have the courage to be brave to有勇气， 勇敢50. refuse to accept boycott拒绝接受51. out of breath breathless上气不接下气52. figure out calculate计算53. call off cancel取消54. hold a celebration celebrate in celebration of observe庆祝55. one hundred years century世纪56. run after chase追赶57. mix sth. up combine with混合58. at ease comfortable 舒适， 放松59. make up for compensate弥补60. take part in compete in participate in join in attend参加61. draw a conclusion conclude作结论62. carry out conduct perform实施63. contribute to lead to result in造成， 导致64. be convinced of believe信服， 相信65. be important count matter重要66. rely on count on depend on依赖， 依靠67. at risk in danger处于危险中68. know nothing about in the dark一无所知69. turn a deaf ear to refuse to listen to充耳不闻70. deal with handle cope with do with处理， 对付71. ten years decade 十年72. make up ones mind decide to do determine to be determined to下定决心73. win over defeat击败74. delay put off postpone推迟75. on purpose deliberately by design故意76. give a description of describe描述77. in spite of despite尽管78. be worthy of deserve值得79. be different from differ from与不同80. on display on show on exhibition展览81. be drunk with be bent on be addicted to be crazy about沉溺于， 着迷82. run away escape逃跑83. earn a living make a living谋生84. employ adopt use take on采用85. full of energy energetic 精力充沛的86. would like to do sth. enjoy doing sth. feel like doing sth. be fond of doing sth.想要做某事87. make sure ensure确保88. at last eventually最后， 终于89. here and there everywhere到处， 处处90. work out exercise锻炼91. as a matter of fact in fact/effect actually事实上92. make fun of laugh at play tricks/jokes on make a fool of嘲笑，捉弄93. grasp take hold of catch hold of抓住94. body language gesture肢体语言95. go hungry starve挨饿96. pay no attention to ignore overlook take no notice of不关注97. at a loss feel puzzled at be confused at不知所措98. go with match相配99. keep up maintain保持100. at the same time meanwhile同时101. take place occur发生102. be well received popular受欢迎103. take the possession of own possess拥有104. in public publically公开地105. take pride in be proud of 以为自豪106. set free release释放107. look like resemble像108. stand for represent代表109. seek search search for hunt for look for寻找， 搜寻110. all of a sudden all at once suddenly突然地111. put up with tolerate stand bear忍受112. put on weight gain weight长胖113. speak in a low voice whisper低语 二、注意表述的概括性 概括性是英语阅读填空所考查的重点，要求对阅读信息具有较强的综合归纳能力。在解答这类题时，要找出共性，根据标题词的特点表达，平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇及其常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。阅读填空的概括性词汇分类归纳阅读填空的概括性词汇分类归纳表原因： reason (for), cause (of)目的： purpose, aim, destination(目的地), goal, target种类： kind of, type of, sort of, variety of, category of, style(风格)方式： means, way, method方位： location, position建议： advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip观点： attitude, idea, opinion, aspect, concern用途(功能): usage, function变化，趋势： trend, development, raise, increase, decrease, change, spreading描述： description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape来源，历史： history, source, origin, root影响，结果： effect, influence, result, consequence措施，行动： measure, action, activity益处，不利： benefit, advantage, convenience, disadvantage概括，总结： summary, conclusion主题： topic, theme, main idea, subject特点： feature, characteristic评论： comment, remark, assessment问题： problem, question, issue需求： demand, need, requirement内容，项目： content, item事实，细节： fact, detail信息： information情绪，感觉： feeling, emotion物质，材料： substance, material步骤： beginning, ending, step, procedure, process比例： rate (比例，速度), percentage天气，气候： weather, climate灾难，事故： disaster, accident, threat关系： relation, relationship不同： difference, diversity交通： traffic, transportation时间，年代，年龄： date, time, age性别： sex 国籍： nationality质量，数量： quality, quantity, number速度： speed事件： incident, event反应： response实践： practice定义： definition产品： product 防止： prevention, precaution程度： degree相同，不同： similarity, difference信仰： belief答案： solution, answer人口： population资源： resource职位： position职业： work, job, occupation, profession设备： equipment任务： task组织者：organizer, sponsor参加者：participant种族： race, peoples 三、注意表述的对称性 对称性是英语阅读填空的又一要求。考生必须对试题所在表格中的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语及特殊符号等都应该保持一致。 四、注意表达的正确性 正确表达是英语阅读填空的基本要求。考生在找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，作出正确的表达。务必要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、标点符号等错误。
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