山东省青岛市中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项7 形容词课件

第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项 7 7 形容词形容词考点考点 1 1 形容词的基本用法形容词的基本用法高频考点高频考点精讲精讲1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后一般放在所修饰词的前面，但修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。如：Wed like to eat something sweet for dessert.关于甜点我们想吃甜的东西。2.作表语，放在系动词之后一些形容词跟在连系动词be，feel，get，become，prove等后只能作表语，如：afraid“害怕的”；alone“独自的”；asleep“睡着的”；awake“醒着的”；alive“活着的”；well“健康的”；ill“病的”；frightened“害怕的”等。如：He lives alone，but he doesnt feel lonely.他尽管一个人住着，但不感到孤独。3.作宾补，放在宾语之后一般常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。4.enough修饰名词时，既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：We have enough time (time enough) to finish the work.我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。This hall is big enough to hold 1，000 people.这个大厅够大，可以容纳1000人。5.常见的名词变形容词的方法：名词构成方法意义举例表示天气的名词y充满的；多的cloudcloudy；windwindy表示方位的名词ern方位的；朝方向westwestern；easteastern表示称谓的名词ly般的friendfriendly；mothermotherly表示时间的名词ly每的weekweekly；monthmonthly表示物质的名词en材质的woodwooden；goldgolden表抽象意义的名词ful的carecareful；useuseful y的lucklucky less无的hopehopeless 表示大洲与国家的名词n的；人的AsiaAsian；AmericaAmerican6.常见形容词词义辨析(1)live/lively/living/alive详解见第一部分第16讲高频考点精讲考点4；(2)lonely / alone见本书第一部分第9讲高频考点精讲考点4；(3)big / large / great / hugebig可以指程度、体积、重量等方面，使用最广，常用于口语中The box is too big to carry.这个盒子太大，拿不了。large侧重指面积、体积和数量等。比较正式，不常用来指人。表示物时，可与big通用A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。great侧重于形容抽象化的东西，常带有主观色彩。也可以修饰人或物，指人时，表示“伟大的，杰出的”Great changes have taken place in our country in recent years.近几年来，我们国家发生了很大变化。huge强调尺寸、体积、容量“巨大的”，指体积时，比large，great所指的体积大，但不强调重量There is a huge stone over there.那边有一块巨大的石头。(4)fine / good / nice / excellent / wellfine多用来表示“(身体)健康的”，还可以表示“(天气)晴朗的”How are you？你好吗？Im fine，thank you.我很好，谢谢你It is a fine day today.今天是个好天气。good可以指人的品质好或产品质量好等Jim is a good student.吉姆是个好学生。nice往往带一定的感情色彩，强调人的感觉，含有“美好的，美味的，漂亮的”等意思Its very nice of you.你真是太好了。excellent通常指“极好的，优秀的，卓越的”He is an excellent swimmer.他是一名优秀的游泳运动员。well作形容词讲时，指“(身体)健康的”；还可作副词，意为“(做得)好”，修饰动词Im quite well.我很健康。(5)high / tallhigh用于形容山脉、建筑物以及不与地面接触的人或动物；还有“高等的，高级的”之意The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。tall用于形容人、动物或树木的高You are not as tall as he.你没有他高。(6)ill / sickill作“生病的”讲时，只作表语He was ill last month.上个月他生病了。sick作“生病的”讲时，既可作表语也可作定语She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。(7)pleased / pleasant / pleasurepleased形容词，只作表语，主语是人，常用于be pleased with“对感到满意”结构中He doesnt mind.In fact，he is even pleased.他不介意，事实上，他很乐意。pleasant形容词，作表语时，主语为物；作定语时，修饰人或物Wish you a pleasant stay here！希望你在这里待得愉快！pleasure名词，意为“愉快，高兴”Its my pleasure to meet you.认识你是我的荣幸。(8)a few / few与a little / littlea few / fewa few可数名词复数，意为“有一点”，few意为“几乎没有”(否定词)You look sad，Kate.你看起来很伤心，凯特。Yeah，I have made a few mistakes in my report.是的，我在报告中犯了一些错误。Several years ago few people knew Zhang Jie，but now he is famous in China.几年前，很少有人认识张杰，但现在他在中国很有名。a little / littlea little不可数名词，意为“有一点”(还可接形容词或比较级)；little意为“几乎没有”(否定词)We need some more coffee.There is only a little left.我们还需要一些咖啡。只剩下一点点了。There is little milk in the fridge.Can you go and buy some? 冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。你能去买一些吗？考点考点 2 2 形容词的排列顺序形容词的排列顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词修饰时，这些形容词的次序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列：1.限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词；2.表示观点的描绘性形容词，如：beautiful，fine，interesting等；3.表示大小、长短、高低等形状的形容词，如：tall，high，small，little，round等；4.表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如：young，old，new等；5.表示颜色的形容词，如：black，white，blue等；6.表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如：Japanese，American，English，rural等。7.形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如plastic，silky，wooden等。如：two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘；two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌。考点考点 3 3 形容词的原级、比较级以及最高级形容词的原级、比较级以及最高级1.形容词比较等级的构成(1)形容词(和副词)比较等级的规则变化【口诀口诀】 比较级要变化，一般情况加er。词尾若有哑音e，直接加r就可以。一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。辅音字母y结尾，变y为i加er。最高级加est，前面加the莫忘记。形容词副词若是多音节，只把more，most前面写。(2)形容词(和副词)比较等级的不规则变化原级原级比较级比较级 最高级最高级原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good / wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad / badlyworseworstfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthestmany / muchmoremostoldolder / elder oldest / eldest2.形容词原级的用法表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构：A.as形容词原级asB。如：She is as beautiful as her mother.她跟她妈妈一样美。(2)否定句中的结构：A.notas / so形容词原级asB。如：He is as tall as his brother，but he isnt so heavy as him.他和他哥哥一样高，但不如他胖。(3)表示“A是B的倍”时，用A.倍数as形容词原级asB结构。如：Her homework is three times as much as yours.她的作业是你的三倍。3.形容词的比较级的用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为A.比较级thanB，即AB(注意比较的对象要一致)。如：My bike is newer than his.我的自行车比他的新。(2)A.less多音节形容词原级thanB，即AB。如：She is less friendly than before.她没有以前友善了。(3)有表示程度的副词 a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰形容词时，该形容词用比较级形式。如：It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。(4)表示两者之间进行选择哪一个更时，用句型Which / Who is形容词比较级，A or B？表示。如：Who is better，Peter or Lily？谁比较优秀呢，彼得还是莉莉？(5)表示“越来越”，用比较级and比较级；当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时，用more and more形容词原级。如：Our country is more and more beautiful.我们国家越来越美丽。(6)表示“越，就越”时，用“the比较级，the比较级”。如：For study，the more you pay，the more you get.对于学习，越努力越成功。(7)表示“两者之间较的一个(of the two)”时，常用the比较级结构。如：She is the thinner of the two.她是两个人中较瘦的那个。(8)表示“比几倍”时，用倍数比较级than表示。如：The box is twice larger than that.这个盒子比那个大两倍。4.形容词最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in / of短语来表示范围。但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不能再用定冠词。(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用Which / Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？结构。(3)表示“最的之一”时，用one of the形容词最高级结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。(5)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。此类结构有：比较级than any other名词单数in/of.，比较级than the other名词复数in/of.，否定词比较级in/of.。如： Wang Wei is the tallest student in his class.Wang Wei is taller than any other student in his class.Wang Wei is taller than the other students in his class.No one is taller than Wang Wei in his class.王伟是他班里最高的学生。(6)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格来修饰，此时不能再用定冠词the。考点考点 4 4 inging形容词和形容词和 ed ed形容词的用法形容词的用法1.ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。2.ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于sb.beed形容词介词结构。ing形容形容词词ed形容词形容词例句例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.这是一个令人惊讶的故事。I am surprised at the news.我对这个新闻感到惊讶。interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。He is interested in science.他对科学感兴趣。exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news? 你听到这个令人兴奋的消息了吗？We are excited about the traveling.我们对旅行感到兴奋。pleasing令人愉悦的pleased满意的，愉快的This is a pleasing trip.这是一次令人愉快的旅行。The teacher is pleased with our performance.老师对我们的表现很满意。frightening引起恐惧的frightened害怕的This is a frightening story.这是一个可怕的故事。We are frightened of the ghost.我们害怕鬼。moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.泰坦尼克号是一部感人的电影。We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.我们被洪战辉深深感动。tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的Its a long tiring day.这是一个漫长的令人疲倦的一天。Im too tired.我太累了。fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice！多么迷人的声音！Many boys are fascinated by computer games.许多男孩子都迷上了电脑游戏。十年真题十年真题全练全练在历年青岛中考试题当中，比较集中地考查了形容词词义的辨析和形容词比较等级的基本用法。在复习时，应特别注意形容词词义之间的辨析和形容词比较级、最高级的不规则变化，注意各级别的典型用法及各等级之间的转换。答题时，应注意上下文意思的连贯性和一致性，还应注意一些潜在的联系和语言习惯，掌握好各种形容词等级的特定标志、变化规律，注意上下文的一致，认真、准确作答。十年中考中形容词是高频考点，单项选择一般一年三考以上，综合填空B、C考查形容词词义和比较等级的用法。因此在2018年中考中也是必考点和高频点，同学们要做好充分的知识和练习准备。考点考点 1 1 形容词的基本用法形容词的基本用法1.2016青岛，4题I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty _D_.A.free B.dirty C.polluted D.fresh2.2014青岛，2题There is only _B_ yogurt left.We need to buy some more.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few3.2014青岛，8题The potato chips have been in the paper bag for half an hour.They are not _A_ any more.A.crispy B.sweet C.salty D.sour4.2013青岛，4题Dave has _C_ friends here，so he often stays at home by himself and feels lonely.A.many B.a few C.few D.several5.2013青岛，10题How do you like the scarf?Very much.It feels _D_.A.hard B.sweet C.cool D.soft6.2013青岛，12题It is _C_ that Mr.Guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 days.A.terrified；successful B.scary；successfullyC.amazing；successfully D.convincing；successful7.2010青岛，19题The movie was _B_，I fell asleep halfway through it.A.funny B.boring C.exciting D.thrilling8.2009青岛，24题Would you like to go out for a walk?Sure，the TV programs are too _D_.A.surprising B.interesting C.exciting D.boring考点考点 2 2 形容词的原级、比较级以及最高级形容词的原级、比较级以及最高级9.2008青岛，17题What delicious cakes!They would taste_B_with butter.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse10.2015青岛，6题This camera is too expensive.Id like a _C_ one.A.cheap B.cheapest C.cheaper D.more expensive11.2014青岛，12题What do you think of the trip to Yunnan?Its _C_ trip Ive ever had.A.the most excited B.more excitedC.the most exciting D.more exciting12.2013青岛，17题This is _B_ fascinating town I have ever visited.Yes.Ive never seen a _ one.A.the worst；bigger B.the most；betterC.the better；best D.the worse；good13.2012青岛，29题Being a volunteer，Ill try my best to offer _C_ help as I can to old people.A.so much B.as many C.as much D.so many14.2012青岛，30题Have you ever been to Paris，one of _D_ cities in Europe?No.But one day I might go there on vacation.A.the pleasant B.the most excitedC.more wonderful D.the liveliest15.2011青岛，23题In the piano contest，my brother didnt play well and I did _D_.A.very well B.much better C.very good D.even worse16.2010青岛，30题Between the travel plans，Id like the one with a _B_ price because I dont have so much money.A.higher B.lower C.cheaper D.more expensive17.2008青岛，28题The more you read，_C_ you will get.A.the less B.the most C.the more D.much more猜押预测猜押预测1.Eating dumplings at the Spring Festival is _ in China.A.patient B.lucky C.possible D.traditional2.Robot is so _ that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.A.busy B.smart C.serious D.pleased3.Helping others makes us very _.A.lonely B.proud C.lazy D.harmful4.My deskmate is really _.She likes to attend different activities after school.A.active B.quiet C.lazy D.honestADBA5.Why dont you buy the sweater?Its too _，and I dont have enough money to buy it.A.nice B.expensive C.popular D.cheap6.Have you seen the movie Baby Plan?Of course.I think its _ movie I have ever seen.A.funny B.funnier C.the most funny D.the funniest7.How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?Oh，I have never enjoyed a _ one before.A.worst B.best C.worse D.better8.Daniel is _ his twin brother.They are both 1.75 metres tall.A.taller than B.shorter thanC.as tall as D.so tall asCBDD9.What do you think of the environment in your hometown?Its _.Both the air and the water are badly polluted.A.not bad B.as good as beforeC.not so good as before D.much better than before10.Jane has become much _ than before.She can express herself in public now.A.brave B.braver C.lazy D.lazier11.How do you improve your English?_ you speak，_ your English will be.A.The less；the more B.The more；the betterC.The less；the better D.The more；the less12.The hotel is very old.Its one of _ buildings in the city.A.old B.older C.oldest D.the oldestCBBD