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一、单词拼写一、单词拼写 根据所给的词性和词义写出下列单词。根据所给的词性和词义写出下列单词。 1_skin n. 皮肤；外壳皮肤；外壳2_ 5kruEl adj.残酷的；令人痛苦的残酷的；令人痛苦的3_ 5bRtEm n.& adj. 底部；底部的底部；底部的 4_ Es5tCniF vt. 使惊讶使惊讶 5_ 5mauW7ful n. 一口；满口一口；满口 6_ 7entE5tein vt. 使欢乐；款待使欢乐；款待 7_ pE5tIkjJlElI adv. 特别地特别地 8_ 5hEJmlIs adj. 无家可归的无家可归的 9_ 5fC:tFEn n. 富有；运气富有；运气 10._ bCil v.& n.煮沸；沸腾煮沸；沸腾boil skincruel bottomastonishmouthfulentertainparticularlyhomelessfortune11_ Wru(:)5aut prep.& adv. 遍及；始终遍及；始终12_ 5fC:tFEnit adj. 幸运的；吉利的幸运的；吉利的13_ swiN vt.& vi. 摇摆；旋转摇摆；旋转14_ 5feiljE n. 失败；失败者失败；失败者15_ 5snEJstC:m n. 暴风雪暴风雪16_ di5rekt n. & adj. 导演；径直的导演；径直的 17_ aut5stAndiN adj. 杰出的；显著的杰出的；显著的 18_ wC:n-5aut adj. 磨破的；穿旧的；磨破的；穿旧的； 19_ vB:st adj. 巨大的；辽阔的巨大的；辽阔的20_ sensn. 感性；感性； 理性理性throughoutfortunate swingfailure snowstormdirect outstandingworn-out vast sense二、单词运用二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意思根据句子的结构和意思,在空格处填入在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1Today the Chinese teacher began the class with an amusing _ show .2I kept a diary at times when there was something _ to keep down.3The class were cheered up by her _ performance.4We like to stay with him, for hes a man with a pretty _ of humour.5The woman sat there, _ (chew) a piece of gum.slideparticularoutstandingsensechewing 6He will never forget that _ experience of his.7She _it to me so as not to be heard by others.8It will do you good to have plenty of _ (boil) water every day.9We really had pity on the poor _ girl and took her to our house.10Cold-blooded animal will sleep _ the winter without eating anything. throughout cruel whispered boiled homeless 三、词语派生三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1 As a result of their impatience , that plan ended in _ (fail).2_ (fortune), we two were selected for the Olympic torture bearers in Guangdong.3Besides the point, the accident happened for some other _ (direct) reasons.4You are expected to spend an _ (entertain) evening in this place of public _ (entertain).5The government is trying to stop the strike in a _ (violent) way.failure fortunately indirect entertainment entertainingnon-violent 6I wondered all the time why mother had never thrown away those clothes already _ (wear) out.7Im so full I cant have another _ (mouth).8She _ (joy) playing the piano every day, for it is a great _ (enjoy) to her.9He was _ (sense) of the trouble he had caused.10Mobil phones may not work so well in _ (mountain) areas.worn mouthful enjoy sensible enjoy mountainous 1对对满足满足(意意) _ 2在整个亚洲在整个亚洲 _ 3战胜困难战胜困难 _ 4挑出；辩别出挑出；辩别出 _ 5一条丧家狗一条丧家狗 _ 6撞上；撞见撞上；撞见_ 7突出的成就突出的成就_ 8幽默感幽默感 _sense of humour be content withthroughout Asiaovercome difficultiespick out a homeless dogknock intooutstanding achievements9badly off _10in particular_11cut off _12star in _13in search of _14be born in poverty_15be set in _16go camping_穷的穷的; 缺少的缺少的特别特别; 尤其是尤其是切断切断; 断绝断绝主演主演寻找寻找; 寻求寻求 出身贫寒出身贫寒以以为背景为背景野营野营五、词组运用五、词组运用 词组填空词组填空 根据句子提供的语境根据句子提供的语境,从第四大题中选一个从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。1She canbe so popular at all; I dont even know what movies she has _.2Before _, you must get everything needed ready.3To be honest, I enjoy reading the stories and novels written by the big man _.in particularstared ingoing camping翻译填空翻译填空 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思, 从上述短语中选一个适当的从上述短语中选一个适当的词组完成句子。词组完成句子。4完成这样巨大的工程完成这样巨大的工程, 我们常要克服某些艰难困苦。我们常要克服某些艰难困苦。In doing so great a project, we had to _ at times. 5在人潮的广场上，我好容易才发现他。在人潮的广场上，我好容易才发现他。In the crowed square , I had a hard time _ him _.6这部电影是以二十世纪这部电影是以二十世纪60年代美国黑人的社会状年代美国黑人的社会状况为背景写的。况为背景写的。The film _ the social conditions of the black of America in the1960s.was set inovercome some difficultiespickingup句子翻译句子翻译 从上述短语中选一个适当的短语翻译下列句子。从上述短语中选一个适当的短语翻译下列句子。7浏览刚完成的那本书浏览刚完成的那本书, 她自感满意。她自感满意。_8他四周看，在找什么。他四周看，在找什么。_9顾着思考问题，他差点撞上路边的停车。顾着思考问题，他差点撞上路边的停车。_10据说这部电影当时有一部分由于某种原因被剪切了。据说这部电影当时有一部分由于某种原因被剪切了。_It is said that one part of the film had to be cut off for some reason. She read through her newly-finished book and was content with herself.He looked around in search of something.Lost in thought, he nearly knocked into a car parked aside.1. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 每当人们感到失望的时候他总能令人每当人们感到失望的时候他总能令人发笑，因而他们对自己的生活更满足。发笑，因而他们对自己的生活更满足。Explanation1) content (adj.): satisfied, happy, not wanting more 满足，满意，知足。满足，满意，知足。 常见搭配：常见搭配：be content with sth. be content to do sth. 如：如： Are you content with your present salary? 你对你现在的工资待遇满意吗？你对你现在的工资待遇满意吗？ She is quite content to stay at home looking after her children. 她呆在家里照顾孩子感到非常知足。她呆在家里照顾孩子感到非常知足。区别区别: content; contented; satisfied content与与contented意思接近，指意思接近，指“虽虽然各种愿望没有实现，但人应安于现状不然各种愿望没有实现，但人应安于现状不再多求再多求”，content 一般作表语，而一般作表语，而如：如：She has a contented look. 她显得满意的样子。她显得满意的样子。2) content (vt.)使满意使满意, 使满足使满足content sb./oneself with sth. 使使满足于满足于I content myself with a glass of coffee everyday.contented一般作定语一般作定语; satisfied指指“愿望、愿望、渴望或需求都得到了满足渴望或需求都得到了满足, 因而心满意足因而心满意足了了”。 I like the style of the book but I dont like the content. 我喜欢这本书的文体，但我不喜欢它我喜欢这本书的文体，但我不喜欢它的内容。的内容。3) content (n.): that which is contained in sth. 所含之物，内容所含之物，内容 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 令人感到震惊的是，当查理会说话和走路的时候就令人感到震惊的是，当查理会说话和走路的时候就被教唱歌和跳舞。被教唱歌和跳舞。1) it在句中作形式宾语，动词不定式在句中作形式宾语，动词不定式to seethe road才是真正的宾语。当动词不才是真正的宾语。当动词不定式作句子的宾语，同时有一个形容词同宾定式作句子的宾语，同时有一个形容词同宾语在一起时，常用语在一起时，常用it作形式宾语。如：作形式宾语。如： Ill make it my business to help her. 我会把帮助她作为我的责任。我会把帮助她作为我的责任。 Do you consider it wise to tell them about it? 你觉得告诉他们明智吗？你觉得告诉他们明智吗？ We consider it useless arguing with him on that point. 我们认为在那点上与他争论是没有用的。我们认为在那点上与他争论是没有用的。2) 句中的句中的astonishing为为动词的动词的-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语。宾语补足语。 astonish: to surprise sb. greatly 使使（某人）吃惊，（某人）吃惊， 震惊。比震惊。比surprise的语的语气要强。气要强。 如：如： The earthquake astonished me. 地震使我惊慌失措。地震使我惊慌失措。 be astonished 吃惊吃惊 如：如： She was astonished to find he was drunk. 发现他喝醉了发现他喝醉了, 她很吃惊。她很吃惊。 He was much astonished that you had failed. 你居然失败，他大感惊讶。你居然失败，他大感惊讶。 I was astonished at/by the news. 这消息使我大吃一惊。这消息使我大吃一惊。astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的令人吃惊的 an astonishing remark 惊人之语惊人之语astonishment n. 惊异；惊愕；惊奇惊异；惊愕；惊奇 in astonishment 愕然，愕然， 吃惊地吃惊地 如：如：She stared at me in astonishment. 她吃惊地瞪着我。她吃惊地瞪着我。 to ones astonishment 令令惊异的惊异的是是 如：如： To our astonishment the small boy swam across the river. 令我们惊奇的是那小男孩居然游过了那令我们惊奇的是那小男孩居然游过了那条河。条河。3. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family the family even worse off. 不幸的是，他父亲去世了，这令到这个家不幸的是，他父亲去世了，这令到这个家庭更加潦倒。庭更加潦倒。badly off: in a poor position, esp. financially 潦倒，穷困，其反义词是潦倒，穷困，其反义词是well off，句中的句中的worse off 为其比较级形式。为其比较级形式。 如：如： They are too badly off to have a holiday. 他们贫穷得根本谈不上度假。他们贫穷得根本谈不上度假。 In fact most people are better off than they were five years ago. 实际上现在大多数人都比五年前要富裕。实际上现在大多数人都比五年前要富裕。链接：链接：be well off 富裕的，处境好的富裕的，处境好的 be worse off 情况带坏，恶化情况带坏，恶化 be better off (尤指经济尤指经济)境况较好境况较好 4. He grew more and more popular as is charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 随着随着他所塑造的他所塑造的“小流浪汉小流浪汉”的角色世的角色世界闻名，他变得越来越受欢迎。界闻名，他变得越来越受欢迎。 1) character的用法：的用法： a. a person in a novel, play, film etc. 人物。人物。 如：如： Whats the name of the major character in this novel? 这部小说的主人公叫什么名字？这部小说的主人公叫什么名字？ b. the quality that makes sb./sth. different from other people/things; the nature of sb./sth. （个人、集体、民族等特有的）（个人、集体、民族等特有的）品质；特性。如：品质；特性。如： Although they are twins, their characters are quite different. 虽然他们是双胞胎，但性格却相差甚远。虽然他们是双胞胎，但性格却相差甚远。 She is a woman of good character. 她是个性格很好的女人。她是个性格很好的女人。 throughout prep. 1)（表示地区）遍及（表示地区）遍及, 整个整个 如：如：The company has branches throughout the country.这家公司的分店遍及全国。这家公司的分店遍及全国。2)（表示时间）整个，从头到尾（表示时间）整个，从头到尾 如：如： It rained throughout the day. 雨下了一整天。雨下了一整天。 He led a poor life throughout his life. 他一生过着穷苦的生活。他一生过着穷苦的生活。throughout adv. 1) 整个地，在所有各处，全部整个地，在所有各处，全部 如：如： The hill was green throughout. 那座山整个都是绿的。那座山整个都是绿的。 2) 自始至终，到最后自始至终，到最后 如：如： She remained silent throughout. 她从头到尾都保持沉默。她从头到尾都保持沉默。 5. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. 那流浪者是一位穷苦的无家可归的人，留着胡子，穿那流浪者是一位穷苦的无家可归的人，留着胡子，穿着大裤子，破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。着大裤子，破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。homeless adj. 无家可归的无家可归的 -less是表示否定意义的形容词后缀是表示否定意义的形容词后缀, 加加在某些名词的后面构成否定意义的形容词。在某些名词的后面构成否定意义的形容词。类似的类似的 如：如： helpless 无力的，无计可施的；无力的，无计可施的； 无助的，无依无靠的无助的，无依无靠的 careless 粗心的，轻率的粗心的，轻率的childless 没有儿女的没有儿女的harmless 无害的，无损害的；无害的，无损害的； 没有恶意的，无邪的没有恶意的，无邪的ceaseless 不断的，不停的不断的，不停的countless 数不尽的，无数的数不尽的，无数的tireless 不会疲倦的，不知疲倦的，不会疲倦的，不知疲倦的， 不休止的不休止的worn-out adj.1)（衣类、机器等）磨破的；磨损的；用（衣类、机器等）磨破的；磨损的；用旧的旧的 如：如： worn-out shoes 穿旧的鞋穿旧的鞋2) 精疲力尽的；憔悴的（一般不用在名词精疲力尽的；憔悴的（一般不用在名词前）前） 如：如： She looks worn-out. 她看起来憔悴不堪。她看起来憔悴不堪。 6. This character was a social failure but he was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties . 这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者, 但是他战胜困难的但是他战胜困难的乐观和决心使得他被所有看电影的人所喜爱。乐观和决心使得他被所有看电影的人所喜爱。1) failure n. a. a person or a thing that fails 失败；失败者失败；失败者 如：如： She said she was a failure as a manager. 她说她是一个失败的经理。她说她是一个失败的经理。 His first attempt at ice-skating was a miserable failure. 他第一次尝试滑冰很糟糕。他第一次尝试滑冰很糟糕。b. lack of success失败；不成功。如：失败；不成功。如： All of my efforts ended in failure. 我所有的努力都以失败告终。我所有的努力都以失败告终。 Failure is the teacher of success. 失败是成功之母。失败是成功之母。2) overcome v. 过去式过去式overcame; 过去过去分词分词overcome 意为意为“克服（困难等）；克服（困难等）；打败（敌人等）打败（敌人等）”。如：。如： He overcame a bad habit. 他克服了一项恶习。他克服了一项恶习。短语：短语：be overcome with/by 被（悲被（悲哀、恐怖等）打倒，哀、恐怖等）打倒， 因为因为面崩溃面崩溃/垮垮掉。如：掉。如： She was overcome with/by grief. 她因为悲伤而崩溃了。她因为悲伤而崩溃了。 7. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest meat. 他首先吃起鞋带，就像吃意大利面条一样。他首先吃起鞋带，就像吃意大利面条一样。然后他把鞋子上端的皮子切下来，就像切下然后他把鞋子上端的皮子切下来，就像切下一块最好的肉。一块最好的肉。1) pick out a. (从同类当中从同类当中) 选出选出；选择；选择 如：如： She picked out a pink dress for her daughter. 她给女儿挑了粉红色的衣服。她给女儿挑了粉红色的衣服。 b. (在许多人当中在许多人当中)看出；辨认出看出；辨认出 如：如： Can you pick out your mother in this crowd? 你能在人群中找到令堂吗？你能在人群中找到令堂吗？拓展与拓展与pick有关的短语有关的短语:pick off 摘取摘取pick oneself up（倒下的人）站起来（倒下的人）站起来pick up 拾起，（车，船）搭载客人，驾车去拾起，（车，船）搭载客人，驾车去接（人），接收（信号，广播、电视节接（人），接收（信号，广播、电视节目），学会（语言）目），学会（语言）pick up with 在偶然机会认识（人）在偶然机会认识（人）2) spaghetti （源自意大利语）意大利式细面条（源自意大利语）意大利式细面条3) cut off a. to separate by cutting it from the main part 切下；割下，砍下。如：切下；割下，砍下。如： Her little finger was cut off in an accident at the factory. 她的小指是在工厂的一次事故中被切掉她的小指是在工厂的一次事故中被切掉的。的。 b. to interrupt sb. speaking on the phone by breaking the connection切断切断电话线使某人通话中断。如：电话线使某人通话中断。如： We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. 我们的通话被切断了。我们的通话被切断了。类似的：类似的：cut in 打断别人的谈话，插嘴。打断别人的谈话，插嘴。4) 该句中该句中treating it as if it were the finest meat 用作状语。用作状语。as if相当于相当于as though，意意为为“就像就像似的；仿佛似的；仿佛似的似的”，用来引，用来引导方式状语从句，从句中应用虚拟语气。当第导方式状语从句，从句中应用虚拟语气。当第一、三人称单数作主语时，从句中常用一、三人称单数作主语时，从句中常用were。 如：如： He looks as if he were sick. 他看起来好像是病了。他看起来好像是病了。 I remember everything as if it happened only yesterday. 我对一切记忆犹新，好像是昨天发生的。我对一切记忆犹新，好像是昨天发生的。 注意注意: 在现代英语中常用在现代英语中常用was来代替来代替were，甚至用甚至用is，am所取代。如：所取代。如： They treated him as if he was their own child. 他们像待自己亲生孩子一样待这个男孩。他们像待自己亲生孩子一样待这个男孩。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 好象要下雨。好象要下雨。此外，此外，as if后还可直接跟不定式。如：后还可直接跟不定式。如：He opened his mouth as if to speak. 他开口好象要说话。他开口好象要说话。 8. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. 他一口一口地嚼得津津有味。他一口一口地嚼得津津有味。 mouthful n. 一口；满口一口；满口 ful为形容为形容词后缀，加在名词之后，词后缀，加在名词之后， 表示表示“充满的充满的”的意思。如的意思。如: He took a mouthful of the bitter medicine and made a face. 他喝了一口苦药，做了个鬼脸。他喝了一口苦药，做了个鬼脸。 I felt so full that I couldnt eat another mouthful. 我太饱了，我太饱了， 一口也吃不下了。一口也吃不下了。 短语：短语：at a mouthful 一大口一大口类似的如：类似的如： handful 一撮，一把一撮，一把 a handful of sand 一把沙子一把沙子 cupful 一满杯一满杯 two cupfuls of milk 两杯牛奶两杯牛奶 spoonful 一匙；满匙一匙；满匙 two spoonfuls of sugar 两匙糖两匙糖houseful 满屋；一屋子满屋；一屋子armful （单臂或双臂）一抱之量（单臂或双臂）一抱之量 an armful of books 一抱的书一抱的书 9. Chaplin wrote, directed, and produced the films he starred in. 卓别林自制、自导、自编一些他自演的电影。卓别林自制、自导、自编一些他自演的电影。1) direct在句中意为在句中意为“导演导演”，此外，此外，它还有其它意思。它还有其它意思。 a. adj. 直的；直线的；直达的直的；直线的；直达的 如：如： There is no direct train from here to Taichung. 此地没有直达台中的火车。此地没有直达台中的火车。 a direct road to London 直通伦敦的路直通伦敦的路 fly in a direct line 直线飞行直线飞行b. adj. 坦白的；率直的。坦白的；率直的。 如：如： He has a direct way of speaking. 他说话坦白。他说话坦白。 He gave me a direct answer. 他给我率直的回答。他给我率直的回答。 2) star（在电影中）主演，由（在电影中）主演，由主演；以主演；以为主为主角角 如：如： The director wants to star Jim in his new film. 这位导演想让吉姆主演他的新片。这位导演想让吉姆主演他的新片。 She has starred in a lot of good films. 她主演了许多好电影。她主演了许多好电影。 1. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed forming在句中作定语，此处表示一种普在句中作定语，此处表示一种普遍现象，无时间上的特定性，故不用遍现象，无时间上的特定性，故不用D项。项。 Exercise 2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 第一个从句为第一个从句为what引导的表语从句并在引导的表语从句并在从句中作表语；第二个为从句中作表语；第二个为when引导的非限引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为制性定语从句，先行词为20 years ago。 3. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of he trees. A. which B. when C. where D. that 由句子结构可知，填上一个词之后逗号由句子结构可知，填上一个词之后逗号后面应是一个非限制性定语从句，再根据后面应是一个非限制性定语从句，再根据先行词和所需意义即可做出正确选择。先行词和所需意义即可做出正确选择。 4. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 该句意为该句意为“如果商场店里有椅子供和妇如果商场店里有椅子供和妇女来购物的男人们使用，妇女们在商店中女来购物的男人们使用，妇女们在商店中会呆更长的时间。会呆更长的时间。” chairs 在该句中为在该句中为先行词，表示地点，后跟定语从句须用先行词，表示地点，后跟定语从句须用where引导。引导。 5. Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what “you know I used to work for years”作作the one的定语。定语从句中主、谓、宾、时间状的定语。定语从句中主、谓、宾、时间状语已全，又因语已全，又因one指代地点，故定语从句中缺少状语，指代地点，故定语从句中缺少状语，所以应用所以应用where来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 6. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _ my father. A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out find out（通过研究、努力）发现，找（通过研究、努力）发现，找出；出； look out向外看，当心，注意；向外看，当心，注意；speak out大声且清楚地说出。只有大声且清楚地说出。只有pick out意思合适。意思合适。 7. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up cut down意为意为“砍倒砍倒”；cut out意为意为“剪剪掉；除去，省略，删去掉；除去，省略，删去”；cut up意为意为“切切碎碎”。 8. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 由上下文句意来看该句应用由上下文句意来看该句应用-ing短语作状语，因为短语作状语，因为没有明确的时间先后关系，所以不能用完成时态。没有明确的时间先后关系，所以不能用完成时态。 9. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting note这一动作由主语这一动作由主语he发出，所以应该发出，所以应该用用-ing形式作状语来表示伴随。形式作状语来表示伴随。 GrammarREVISION-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。（谚）空谈无济于事。（谚）空谈无济于事。我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。6. He admitted taking the money. 7. I couldnt help laughing.8. Your coat needs brushing. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。-ING 形式作定语形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法宾语补足语和表语的用法一、一、-ing形式作定语形式作定语 1. 单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：者的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台写字台 tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。二、二、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. 1) 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。 2）当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：形式便转换为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。这个结果很令人满意。 They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。千万不能让他们等。 2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形式和动形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验）正在做实验） 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，动作， 而而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：形式则表示反复动作。如： We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming. ( (反复动作反复动作) )( (一次动作一次动作) ) 三、三、-ing形式作表语形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。他对母亲的关爱很感人。 She was very pleasing in her appearance.EXERCISES Point out the usage of the ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词作介词for的的_ including作作_宾语宾语状语状语 3. But he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作作_介词宾语介词宾语 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作作_ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作作_定语定语介词宾语介词宾语 6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作作_ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作作_表语表语宾语宾语astonish, depress， play, do, ride, amuse, bark, welcome Choose the suitable words from the box below and fill in the blanks in the correct form. 1. I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike. riding 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for most of the night? 3. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very _. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he met
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