研究生2012-2013第一学期试卷

学生姓名_ 学号_ _专业_ _导师姓名 _-密-封-线-第1 页 共18页 第2 页 共18页 烟台大学20122013学年第 1 学期研究生英语水平考试考试时间为120分钟题号一二三四五六七总 分得分阅卷人合分人Part Listening comprehension （25%）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) Michael Jordan is a famous businessman.B) Michael Jordan is both a persons name and a trademark.C) Michael Jordan is the name of the womans friend.D) Michael Jordan is a manufacturer of sneakers.2. A) He is a billionaire in Chinatown.B) He owns a big company in China.C) He earned 100 million dollars last year.D) He is a successful businessman.3. A) He succeeded quickly by working hard.B) He won because hes got very good luck.C) Despite his achievements, he hasnt got a reputation yet.D) He had a reputation as an experienced speaker on TV.4. A) Yao Ming is the best player in the national team.B) Yao Ming is surprised at his loss in the first round.C) Yao Mings team is expected to win the national tournament.D) Yao Mings team should not have lost in the first round.5. A) A way to keep energetic in life.B) How a famous Chinese kungfu master teaches his lessons.C) The method for practicing Chinese kung fu.D) A friend who has won several Chinese kung fu competitionsSection B Directions: Listen to the following two conversations carefully and decide whether the statements after each conversation are true (T) or false (F). Please mark A for True and B for False on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation 1:6 Wilbur was interested in working together with Sharon in Habitat for Humanity.7 It can be inferred from the conversation that Sharons experience with Habitat for Humanity has brought about a lot of changes in her life.8 Wilbur thinks Habitat for Humanity offers a unique opportunity to perform a citizens duty to help others.9 Sharon believes that her work with Habitat for Humanity will contribute to making our world a better place to live in.10. Sharon feels honored because Wilbur will donate money to the organization she works forConversation 2:11. At first, David thought one could simply practice writing by oneself. 12. In Jessies opinion, a persons thinking patterns are shown in his writing.13. Jessie mentioned some important factors in writing process, including the / 17writers critical thinking ability, reading ability, and his writing purpose.14. Jessie now expects to learn more writing skills from the writing course, such as how to make an attractive opening, how to organize the structure and how to collect information.15. David will apply the rules to practicing writing essays after talking with Jessie.Section CDirections: Listen to the following two passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to each question you hear.Passage 116. How does the speaker feel when hearing the boy talk about his son?A) He feels ashamed about his sons incompetence.B) He feels real regret for not teaching his son to play soccer well.C) He finds it necessary to encourage his son to practice soccer.D) He feels the other boys are too competitive.17. What does the speaker think of dancing as a hobby?A) He thinks people should practice hard to dance elegantly.B) He thinks dancing is a way to relax in ones spare time.C) He thinks a dancer has to wear a nice dress to dance.D) He thinks one would embarrass oneself without good dancing shoes. 18. What is the speakers attitude towards hobbies?A) Hobbies are supposed to bring pleasure to people.B) If a person takes up a hobby, he should work hard at it.C) Dancing and jogging dont bring much fun to people.D) Self-improvement is an important factor for taking up hobbies.19. Which statement is true according to the passage?A) The speaker is no good at dancing, singing and drawing.B) The speaker dislikes people being so-so in any activity.C) The speaker simply wants to have a good time.D) The speaker is often laughed at by others.20. According to the passage, what is the common attitude towards hobbies?A) Hobbies are just a way of having a good time.B) Hobbies dont bring as much fun as they used to.C) Hobbies shouldnt be competitive.D) One must be excellent at his hobbies.Passage 221. What does the passage say about the businesses that buy and sell animal products?A) They are becoming extinct.B) They are in danger of being fined.C) They are the threats to endangered species.D) They are unfortunate.22. What is the significance of community service?A) It can stop trafficking in illegal animal products.B) It can force illegal animal traffickers to fulfill community service tasks.C) It can be destructive to traffickers in illegal animal products.D) It can show the importance of protecting animals.23. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?A) Fines would be an effective way to protect endangered animals.B) Doing community service reminds a citizen of their responsibility to protect animals.C) Fines can convince people to abandon their illegal businesses.D) Doing community service is as easy as paying fines.24. What is Marys opinion on how to punish those who traffic in illegal animal products?A) They should be given big fines.B) They should be punished according to relevant laws.C) They should be forced to perform community service.D) They should be put into prison.25. What can be inferred about the fines for businesses trafficking in buying and selling animals products?A) They have a lot of money.B) They simply see it as just another business expense.C) Their profits are much more than the fines.D) They think fines are better than imprisonment.Part Reading Comprehension （30%）Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Section A: (20%)Passage 1Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people-for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I dont like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration human extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. Arguing from the view that human are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremist of this kind think that animals lie outside the areas of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake-a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely logical. In fact it is simply shallow; the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning is to weigh others interests against ones own. This in turns requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.26. According to the passage, the discussion on the rights of animals_A) is useful and ground-clearing.B) should be based upon an agreed account of human rights.C) is easy to carry on.D) should be the same as that of human rights.27. Why do some philosophers hold the view that animals cannot have rights?A) Because the idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd.B) Because it denies rights not only to animals but also to some people.C) Because people are always objected to social contracts.D) Because rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A) Some philosophers believe torturing a monkey is morally equivalentto chopping wood.B) Arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless without agreement on human rights.C) It is a false choice to start the question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?.D) Animals should be treated with no consideration.29. The writer seems to think that it is _to torture a monkeyA) logical B) reasonable.C) understandable D) immoral30. The word “instinct” (Line. 5, Para. 5) probably means _.A) natural tendency B) quality of being superiorC) moral reasoning D) intelligence Passage 2 In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the wood-cutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰)，whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the wood-cutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished, with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earths ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultraviolet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.31. Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?A) Because people cant agree as to what species to protect such species.B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such speciesC) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.32. According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests _.）may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty）benefits developed countries rather than developing countries）should take priority over the control of human population）will help improve the living conditions in developing countries33. According to the passage, cutting trees to grow more food _.）will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries）is but a short-term relief to the food problem C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of foodD) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations34. According to the author (Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientists is _.）the impoverishment of developing countries）the explosion of the human population）the reduction of biological diversity）the effect of global warming35. The authors purpose in writing this passage is_.A) to describe the difficulties in solving humanitys current problemsB) to present the different views on humanitys current problemsC) to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanitys current problems.D) to point out that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations Section B: (10%)Passage 3Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a persons nature. The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over. Moreover no one wishes his nature to change. Each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual. Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own lifes pattern. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to systems of faith or education. Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities born in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.The spirit of man is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it participates in the imperfections of the latter; and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weaknesses, desires and limitations. The outer man, too, was originally perfect, but man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far cry from the original model.36. Which of the following statement best expresses the relationship between human nature and character?A) Character is built on an indestructible matrix, which must take the shape of the character.）The indestructible matrix is built on character, takes the shape of the character.C)Human character is built on nothing but that indestructible matrix. It takes the shape of that matrix.）The indestructible matrix is built on character, which takes the shape of the matrix.37. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experience. This is probably because_.）each man must be the interpreter of social events and integrate the experiences into his life story）each of the two people must interpret the events into different language and adapt them to their complex life pattern.）each of the two people must create their own version of happenings and make it an episode of his life story.）each person must have his own understanding of social happenings and make them contribute to the diversity of his individual life pattern.38. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the author?）Each man is a unique hub of the universe, which is different from the other universe.）Each man sees himself as a special individual, and in his eyes, he is the center of the universe, and different from any other individual. C) Each man sees himself as unique, since he is the center of the universe different from any other centers.D) Each man views himself as a unique individual different from the hub of universe.39. It is stated in Para.3 that _.A) mans physical body has been desecrated and defiled so much by the universal force that they are crying for perfection.B) mans physical body has been so defiled and damaged that it is very different from what it could be.C) man from the outer universe are very different from what they used to be due to the abuse and desecration.D) men from the outer space are imperfect, which was defiled and desecrated by creatures on earth.40. It can be learned from the passage that_.A) a persons nature is formed when their soul is given individual shapeB) circumstances and education have much influence on a persons distinct characterC) human beings now are more interested in pursuit of happiness than people in ancient timesD) human nature is the master of itself and the systems of faith.Passage 4What exactly is a key player? A hiring manager defines it for me. “Every company has a handful of stuff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.” Every company wants to hire “a key player” from another company. They also hire from the ranks of newbies. “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have the same traits, well place a bet on them.” says the hiring manager.A key player should be a selfless collaborator. The trait has already been written about a great deal because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. “Its teamwork.” says Fetzer. “The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.” Don Haut is holding a senior management position. He is among those who value a sense of urgency. “Business happens every hour of every day, so does competition,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting there faster! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”Being OK with risk is something that an industry demands. A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information. He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and sticks his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion. “Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and r