新概念英语第三册学习手册：Lesson51：Predicting,the,future.doc

新概念英语第三册学习手册：Lesson51：Predicting,the,future.doc 新概念英语第三册学习手册：Lesson51：Predicting the future Lesson 51 Predicting the future Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the future electronic development that Leon Bagrit wasnt able to foresee? Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, that by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in peoples homes as TV sets? In the 1970s, computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs. In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first home computer and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the worlds first Personal Computer. This ran on an operating system called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today. Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to think for themselves and would rule the world, which people liked to believe in those days. Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is what makes Leon Bagrits predictions particularly remarkable. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years. New words and expressions 生词和短语 notoriously adv. (尤指因坏事)众所周知地 full-time adj. 专职的 technician n. 技师 software n. 软件 IBM (美国)国际商用机器公司(International Business Machines) DOS 磁盘操作系统(Disk Operating System) Microsoft n. (美国)微软公司 user-friendly adj. 容易操作的，好用的 mainframe n. 主机，.处理机 multimedia adj. 多媒体的 alternative adj. 选择的 diagnose v. 诊断 relieve v. 减轻 accountant n. 会计 repetitive adj. 重复的 clerical adj. 办公室工作的 Internet n. 国际交互网 network n. 网络 参考译文 众所周知，预测未来是非常困难的。举个例子吧，在20 世纪 70年代中叶又有谁能想得到在 20 世纪末的时候，家庭用的计算机会像电视机一样普遍?在 70 年代，计算机已经相当普及了，但只用在大公司，政府部门和大的组织之中，它们被称为主机。计算机主机确实很大，常常占据了装有空调的多间房间，雇用专职的技师，而且得用专门编写的软件才能运行。虽然这种大计算机仍然存有，但它们的很多功能 已被体积小但功能齐全的个人电脑即我们常说的 PC 机所代替了。 1975 年，美国推出了一台被称为牛郎星的原始机型。严格地说起来，它能够被称为第一台家用电脑，而且它也指了今后的方向。70 年代末，在牛郎星之后又出现了一种被称为苹果的机型。80 年代初，计算机行业的王牌公司美国国际商用机器公司(IBM)生产出了世界上第一台个人电脑。这种电脑采用了一种被称为磁盘操作系统(DOS)的工作程序，而这种程序是由当时规模不大的微软公司生产的。IBM 的个人电脑被大规模地模仿。从那些简陋的初级阶段，我们看到了现在都已普及的、使用简便的家用电脑和多媒体的微机的发展。 想一想这些发展的时间多么短，就更觉得英国人莱昂.巴格瑞特有着非凡的水平。他在 60 年代就能预言我们今天知道的计算机的一些用途。巴格瑞特根本不接受计算机能够学会自己去思考和计算能够统治世界这种想法，而这种想法是当时的人们都愿意相信的。巴格瑞特预示有一天计算机能够小到拿在手上，计算机能够使办公室人员和会计免除那些枯燥、重复的劳动。计算机的所有这些功能现在都变得很平常。当然了，莱昂.巴格瑞特根本没有可能预测到国际交互网就是把计算机连结到电话线路上，以便和世界上任何一个地方的人立即实行联系的一个世界范围的通讯系统的发展。他也无法预测到我们能够利用国际交互网获取相关任何已知专题的信息，以便在家里的屏幕上，如果愿意的话甚至能够将其打印出来。计算机已经变得体积越来越小，功能越来越多，价格越来越低，这就是莱昂.巴格瑞特的预测非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天还活着的话，他大概能够告诉我们下一个 50 年后会发生什么事情。