人教版新目标初中九年级Unit15Weretryingtosavethemanatees期末知识梳理

人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees!期末知识梳理重要词汇解析1save vt. &vi. 抢救, 节省, 储蓄, 顾全。【例】（1）The doctors tried their best to save the patients life. 大夫们尽力抢救这个病人。（2）Your kind help saved me a lot of trouble. 你好心的帮忙省了我很多麻烦。（3）Every month they have been trying to save 10 percent out of their monthly pay, so that in time theyll be able to buy a computer. 他们每月把百分之十的工资储蓄起来，准备买一台电脑。（4）He said that just to save his face. 他这么说只是为了保全面子。2 feed n. 饲料，牧草。作动词用表示“喂食物，供给”等意思。【例】（1）There is enough feed for the animals. 动物的饲料足够。（2）He feeds his horse on beans. 他用豆子喂马。（3）The lake is fed by four big rivers. 有四条大河流入这个湖。（4）The bird refuses to feed. 这只鸟不肯吃食。（5）The stream feeds into a pond. 这条小溪流入一个池塘。3foot n. 英尺，脚，脚步，底部，它的复数是feet。它可作动词用。【例】（1）She has never set foot on American soil. 她从来没有到过美国。（2）He has a light foot. 他脚步轻快。（3）The village lies at the foot of a green hill. 村庄坐落在青葱的小山脚下。（4）The road is twenty feet long. 这条路有二十英尺长。（5）We missed the last bus and had to foot it. 我们误了最后一班车，只好步行。（6）They told me to foot up the account. 他们叫我结账。（7）He footed the bill for us all. 他替我们大家付了账。（8）The expenses footed up to four hundred Canadian dollars. 全部费用共计四百加拿大元。4weigh vt. & vi. 称重量，考虑，重压，有影响等。它的名词是weight。【例】（1）She weighed two apples in her hand and gave me the bigger one. 她用手掂量两个苹果，把大一点的给了我。（2）Young people sometimes do things before weighing the consequences. 青年人办事有时不考虑后果。（3）The branches of the apple tree were weighed down by the fruit. 苹果树的枝子被果实压弯了。（4）The airplane weighs five tons unloaded. 这架飞机不载货时重五吨。（5）Your eloquence will not weigh with us. 你的雄辩不会对我们起什么作用。（6）Her illness weighed on her husbands mind. 她的病使他丈夫心情沉重。（7）Vegetables are sold by weight. 蔬菜是按重量卖的。（8）Her success in the examination was a great weight off her fathers mind. 她考试及格，使父亲心头如释重负。（9）It has some weight with me. 此事对我有一点影响。5pull vt. &vi. 拉, 牵, 拔, 吸引。可作名词用，它的反义词是push。【例】（1）She pulled the door open. 她拉开了门。（2）I pulled at the handle but the door didnt open. 我拉了一下把手，但没有把门拉开。（3）They vie with each other in pulling more votes for themselves. 他们相互争着为自己多拉选票。（4）He took a pull at the bottle. 他从瓶里喝了一大口酒。（5）It was a long pull along the Great Wall to the beacon tower on the peak. 还要沿着长城爬很长一段路，才能爬到顶峰的烽火台。（6）A good education gives a man a great pull. 良好的教育能给人带来莫大的好处。（7）Why do you push against me? 你为什么推我？（8）The strikers pushed for higher wages. 罢工者争取提高工资。6 discard vt. 丢弃，放弃。【例】（1）He discarded the old dictionary for a new one. 他丢弃了旧字典，换上新的。（2）Such die-hards will be discard by history. 这种顽固分子会被历史所抛弃。（3）We should discard the dross and select the essential. 我们应该去粗取精。7can n. 罐头。作动词用表示“装罐头”，此外它可作情态动词用，后跟动词原形。【例】（1）He bought two cans for his daughter. 他给女儿买了二听罐头。（2）Turtle meat is canned and sold as a delicacy. 甲鱼肉被制成罐头作为美食出售。（3）He can sing and play the piano at the same time. 他能边弹钢琴边唱歌。（4）What he said can be true. 他说的可能是真的。（5）You cant say such things to a friend. 你不可以对朋友说这种话。8environment n. 环境【例】(1) They live in a quiet environment. 他们住在安静的环境里。(2)We must protect our environment. 我们必须保护环境。(3)This is a true story of mans struggle with his environment. 这是个人类与环境作斗争的真实的故事。重点句型汇总I am like this animalTheyre about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1, 000 pounds. I dont think so. I disagree with you. Recycling paper is easy. But its hard to stop riding in cars.交际用语 1. Were trying to save the manatees. 2. Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day. 3. There used to be a lot of manatees. 4. In 1972, it was discovered that they were endangered. 5. Some of the swamps have become polluted. 6. Zoos are terrible places for animals to live. 7. Im writing to say that 重要语法 复习现在进行时，一般现在时，一般过去时及used to的用法，被动语态和现在完成时。【课文讲解】1. In 1972, it was discovered that they are endangered.1972年，人们发现它们已经濒于灭绝。was discovered是一般过去时的被动语态，discover“发现”，近义词为find和invent。【友情链接】discover, invent与finddiscover指发现过去所不知道的东西，新奇或意外的东西。Coal was first discovered and used in China.中国首先发现并使用了煤。Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492.1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。Today, corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。2. Some of the swamps have become polluted. 一些沼泽地受到了污染。have become polluted 中的become是连系动词，polluted是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构，意思上也接近被动语态。The soldier got wounded(接近were wounded)in the battle.这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。A few minutes later, the ground became/was covered with snow.几分钟后地上尽是雪。3. They provide homes for many endangered animals. 他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供家园provide是及物动词，意为“提供”，“供给”。表示“提供人物件”是provide.with.；“提供给人”是provide.for.。The school provides us with all the materials we need.学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。We are provided with everything we need for work.我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。The school provides all the books we need for us.学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。【友情提示】provide for是“供养”的意思。He has a large family to provide for. 他要养活一个大家庭。4.and help to educate the public about caring for them. 并且帮助教育公众关爱它们。care for表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，take care of也有这个意思。He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上，我们相互关心。Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】care for还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于take care of或look after。At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.你们要照顾好自己。The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。5. turn off the shower while you are washing your hair.洗头的时候关掉淋浴。（1）turn off表示“关掉”，用在关掉收音机，煤气，自来水等场合。与其相关的几个短语是turn on“打开”，turn down“关小”，turn up“开大”。（2）句中while与when是同义词，都可以用从属连词，引导状语从句表示时间，意思都是“当（在）的时候”，但二者之间是有区别的。【友情链接】while与when的用法when的含义是at or during the time that,既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。He wants to help people when they are ill.他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。When he got to Shanghai, the ship had already set off.他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。while的含义是during the time that,只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and just at that time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我一直呆到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。Some like collecting stamps, while others like planting flowers.有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。6. You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne. 你可能从来没有听说过Amy Winterbourne。【知识归纳】hear, hear from, hear of与hear that clause的用法：（1）hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有：hear sb/sth“听到某人或某物的声音”。I cant hear you at all. 我根本就听不到你的声音。Havent you heard anything? 难道你没有听到什么声音？hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”。I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”。I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。特别提示hear sb do sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear sb doing sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。I heard the boy going down the stairs我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。（2）hear from意为“收到的信”；“得到消息”。How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？Have you still not heard from him? 你还没有收到他的信吗？I havent heard from him since he telephoned.自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。特别提示hear from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。特别纠错我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。误：We havent heard from his letter for weeks.正：We havent heard from him for weeks.正：We havent got a letter from him for weeks.（3）hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。Ive never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。She disappeared and was never heard of again. 她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。（4）hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。I hear that one of the pandas has a baby.我听说其中一只熊猫生了个熊猫宝宝。7. She is a most unusual woman. 她是一个十分不寻常的女性。【知识归纳】a most, the most与most的用法（1）a most的用法。在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very,用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法。Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。（2）the most 的用法在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中,most 是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。He is one of the most famous writers in China. 他是中国最著名的作家之一。This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 这是这三者中最难的。在“动词+the most”结构中，most 也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”其位置通常在动词后。They like English the most. 他们最喜欢英语。（3）most 通常有三种用法在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定会到那里去。在“most+名词”结构中，most 是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。Who has (the) most books among you?你们中谁的书最多？8. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together. 墙是由旧玻璃瓶粘在一起建成的。be made from/of意为“由（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。Nylon is made from air, coal and water.尼龙是由空气，煤和水加工制成的。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。The desk is made of wood. 这桌子是由木头做的。The shoes are made of cloth.这鞋子是用布做的。知识拓展be made up of表示某物或某组织由一种种成分或一个个成员组成。The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。be made into意为“把做成”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。be made in意思是“在（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。This kind of computer is made in the USA这种电脑是美国制造的。This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。be made by意思是“由制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。This model ship is made by Uncle Wang. 这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。9. Amy recently won an award from the Help Save Our Planet Society. 艾米最近获得了“救助地球”协会的奖励。（1）recently 表示“最近”，既可以用于表示一段时间，也可以表示一点时间，多用于完成时态。Have you hear from Michael recently?你最近接到迈克尔的来信吗？Recently he has made quite a few mistakes. 最近他出了不少错。（2）won a award中award是 “奖”的意思，相关词语有prize，reward和scholarship，这几个词都与“奖”有关。（3）句中的win表示“赢”奖的意思。At the national amateur song-writing contest, he won a first-class award.在全国业余作曲比赛中，他获得了一等奖。win可表示“赢得比赛，战斗”等，宾语一般是比赛，竞赛，战争等名词，与beat近义。知识拓展win与beat的用法两者在表示“赢”，“胜”的意思时，后面所接的宾语有所不同。“赢比赛或一场战斗”用win；“赢某人”是beat。We won the match months ago. 几个月前，我们赢得那场比赛。Which side won the battle? 这一战谁打胜了？But still we werent sure we could beat them.但是我们还不能肯定我们能打赢他们。Dick beat John and won the game. 狄克打败了约翰，赢得了比赛。【典型考题】( )1I am building a new zoo in our city. A against B again C angrily D friendly( )2Tom recently an award from the school. Awinned Bwon Cwinning Dhad won( )3They are like textbooks for us students. Ato live Blived Cliving Dlives( )4We think animals in forest. Ashouldnt live Bshould live Clives Dliving( )5His father a worker in that factory. Auses to be Bused is Cused to being Dused to be答案：1A 本题根据题意不是进行时态，再则把B、C、D放入意思也不对，此题中的building 不是现在分词，而是动名词，作介词against的宾语。2B 最近获奖，应用一般过去时态，且win是不规则动词，它的过去形式是won。3C 本题中的like是介词，那么它后面如果跟动词，该动词应是动名词形式，作它的宾语。4B 根据题意“动物应生活在森林里”，该用should live。5D 本题主要考查used to do的用法，其他填入都不对。【语法详解】本单元主要是复习几种时态和被动语态，这几种时态和语态在前面已分别作了说明，这里不再重述，仅举几例加以巩固。1现在进行时【例】(1)Were waiting for you. 我们在等你。【例】(2)Are you feeling better now? 你现在好点了吗？2一般现在时【例】（1）He goes to school every day except Sunday. 除星期天他每天都上学。（2）Marx is a great man. 马克思是个伟人。（3）The old man said the sun rises in the east. 那老人说太阳从东方升起。3一般过去时及used to 的用法【例】 (1)I stayed there for two days. 我在那儿住了两天。(2)Tom joined the army in 1994 汤姆1994年参了军。（3）We used to swim every day. 我们曾每天游泳。（4）They used to have four meals a day. 他们过去每天吃四餐。4被动语态的用法【例】（1）A thief has been caught by them. 一个小偷被他们抓住了。（2）His homework was being done. 他在做作业。（3）A letter was written to me. 有人给我写了封信。（4）He is regarded as our father. 他被当作我们的父亲。5现在完成时态【例】（1）We havent finished the work yet. 我们尚未完成这项工作。（2）The telephone has rung four times in the last two hours. 电话铃在这两小时内响了四次。（3）For the last month the weather has been nice. 过去这一个月来，天气一直很好。【中考连线】短文改错 在错处划线，将正确答案写在后面的横线上They had a very well journey home. Jim 1 sitted beside the window, but he didnt see 2 much during his flight, why there were too many 3 clouds. Mrs. Green sleept almost the whole way. 4 They stopped at Moscow on the way, but 5 only for an hour or two, so there were no time 6 to go into the center of the city. Jim doesnt 7 mind, because it was really cold on Moscow. 8 There was thick snow anywhere. Nobody liked 9 to go inside in the bad weather. 10 答案1well改为good 这里是作定语，well作副词用的情况较多，主要是作状语。2sitted 改为sat sit 是不规则动词，它的过去式是sat。3why改为because 这里引导的是原因状语从句，所以该用because。4sleept改为slept sleep 是不规则动词，它的过去式为slept。5at 改为in 因莫斯科是个大地方，该用in。6were改为was 因主语time 是不可数名词，所以谓语动词该用单数形式。7doesnt改为didnt 根据上下文理解，这里该用过去时态。8on改为in on表示在物体的表面上。9anywhere改为everywhere 此处指“到处”。10inside改为outside或out 这里指恶劣的天气里，人们不愿外出。同步测试题一、单项填空( ) 1. Ann, whats that?It is _ manatee. Its _ lovely animal.A. a; the B. a; a C. the; an D. an; the( ) 2. How wide is the table?It is _.A. three foot and one half foot B. three and half feetC. three and one half feet D. three and one half foot( ) 3. Have you ever been to Ashland ?Where is it? I have never _ it.A. thought of B. thought about C. heard of D. heart from ( ) 4. Look! The wall is too dangerous. Wed better _ or it may hurt people.OK! Lets do it now.A. pull it down B. pull down it C. take down it D. take it down( ) 5. These books _ children .Youd better buy some for your son.A. are difficult for B. are suitable for C. are interest in D. are pleased with( ) 6. Tom had _ many things to do in the morning that he forgot to call his brother.A. much B. such C. so D. very ( ) 7. _ the meat ?It s about 2 pounds .A. How many are B. How about C. What heavy is D. How heavy is( ) 8. Youd better stop _.Its bad for your health.A. smoke B. to smoke C. to smoking D. smoking ( ) 9. There is hardly any tea left, _?A. is there B. isnt there C. isnt it D. is it ( ) 10. Eating more vegetables is _ healthier than eating more junk food.A. more B. much C. less D. nothing ( ) 11. Marry urged her father _ a computer for her.A. to buy B. buying C. buy D. buys ( ) 12. We used to _ Jack “a small potato”, but he _ “Mr. Tall” now.A. call; calls B. call; is called C. calling; is calling D. calling; is being called ( ) 13. Have you ever been to the bar next to the supermarket, Ted?You mean “The Blue Moon Bar”? It is a good place _ I can relax myself in my spare time.A. where B. that C. which D. what( ) 14. Do you remember what _?Of course I do .She has a round face with two big eyes.A. she likes B. does she like C. is she like D. she is like ( ) 15. Lets go for a picnic next Saturday, OK?_.I love getting close to nature.A. Im afraid not B. I think so C. I believe not D. That sounds good 二、完形填空Bob was only seven years old .One night Bob was at home alone _16_ his parents were out for a party. He had often stayed alone before, so he wasnt _17_. As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV. His _18_ because heavier and heavier as the time passed by.Suddenly Bobs eyes opened wide what was _19_ in the next room? Bob heard the widow opened slowly. For a minute Bob was so frightened that he could not _20_, and his body felt like ice. He knew that he couldnt lose his head (惊慌失措) and began to _21_ the things he could do. Again he heard the sound of someone trying to _22_ into his home through the window.Bobs drums were standing in the corner near the TV. “Wait, maybe there is _23_ I can do,” though Bob. He beat on his drum as _24_ as he could .The sound was so terrible that Bob _25_ even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible. How clever he was!( ) 16.A. while B. but C. so D. though( ) 17.A. worried B. fine C. afraid D. bad( ) 18.A. ears B. eyes C. body D. heart( ) 19.A. talk B. noise C. person D. drum( ) 20.A. see B. cry C. move D. hear( ) 21.A. make up B. worry about C. give up D. think of( ) 22.A. walk B. run C. climb D. throw( ) 23.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( ) 24.A. quiet B. hard C. slowly D. softly( ) 25.A. dressed B. thanked C. enjoyed D. surprised三、阅读理解ALast Sunday the elephant keeper at London Zoo, Jim Robson, was killed by one of the elephants he loved. This was terrible, and it could be a big problem for the future（将来）of London Zoo-and maybe for all of Britains city zoos. London Zoo said that it would move its three elephants to a wild（野生的）animal park outside London. Its director-general（总经理）, Michael Dixon said, “we are sorry that the elephants are leaving; there have been elephant at London Zoo since 1831. ”One British newspaper said that though many small animals were very interesting. Most people wanted to see big animals-and most of all elephants. London Zoo is not only losing its elephants. The tigers will also leave soon and most of the bears have already gone. Outside the elephant house at London Zoo, a woman called Mary said she hoped the zoo could keep big animals. “This is the only way the young people can see animals without traveling to other countries,” she said. Zoos are not very good places for animals, but they can help to well keep them. Children can also learn a lot about the animals when they visit zoos. Another visitor, a man called Alan, was very angry. “If we send them back to the wild they will die. If you take away big animals, people will stop visiting London Zoo. It can survive（继续生存）at the moment, but it wont survive in the future. ” However, Mary Roseau, director of the Federation（联合会）of Zoos, believes that city zoos can survive without keeping large animals. ( ) 31. Lindon Zoo has kept elephants . A. since last Sunday B. for about one hundred yearsC. for nearly two hundred years D. ever since it was built ( ) 32. Zoos are important because . A. they can make a lot of money B. there are many animals living in them C. there are some big animals there D. they can keep animals and help children ( ) 34. London Zoo might face a big problem because . A. the elephant in the zoo will be kept B. the elephant may also kill other people C. it may have fewer visitors in the futureD. no one would like to be an elephant keeper any more ( ) 35. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The writer hopes that big animals except elephants should be kept in London Zoo. B. London Zoo and the public（公众）have different ideas about where to keep the big animals. C. some animals in the park are still dangerous to visitors. D. Some people think that the big animals will die if they are sent to the wild animal park.BThirty years ago, Lake Ponkapog in Hartwell, New Jersey, was full of life. Many birds and animals lived beside the water, which was full of fish. Now there are few birds, animals, and f