初中英语语法知识点

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初中英语复习专辑（1）名词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语eg. There is _ bread on the table. CA. a B. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is some_ on the plate. BA. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen womanwomen childchildren policemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen footfeet toothteeth mousemiceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 iz2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. box b ks blous 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es-读vzeg. kniv 4) 辅+y结尾变y为i加es 清就清s5)一般加s 浊就浊zeg. bookbuk penpen babi但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s”Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathersa friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练 习1 一、写出下列词的复数 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_ 10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan C. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holiday C. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paper C. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs2 练习答案：一、1. books 2. buses 3. oranges4. babies 5. boys 6. our7. their 8. knives 9. watches10. sheep 11. teeth 12. leaves13. Germans 14. Chinese二、15 ABCBD 610 AACCD1115 CCBDA 1621 BCBCAC 初中英语复习专辑（2）冠词1、不定冠词a, ana用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a booka ok a u:sful u:an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an applean hour an Fau ef2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano练 习( )1.There is _ s in _ word bus.A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it , I think.A. an B. a C. the D. /( )3._ bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What( )4.What color is _ orange?-Its _ orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an3 ( )5.Mr. Li is _ old worker.A. an B. a C. some D. /( )6.Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a( )7.One morning he found _ handbag. There was _ s on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a( )8.What _ interesting story it is!A. a B. an C. the D. /( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. a B. an C. / D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes.A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13.Dont read _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )14.Smith is _ honest man.A. a B. the C. an D. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000.A. / B. an C. the D. a( )16.Whats _ for 椅.子?A. English B. an English C. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of Japan C. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a( )23.There is_ orange tree behind_ house.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; /( )24.How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A. / B. one C. a D. an 练习题答案：15 DBDCA 610 DABDB 1115 ADACD 1620 AABCA 2124 BDAD初中英语专辑（3）代词（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连4 用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。that apple ( ) that meat ( )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangzhou. that(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格）eg. 1)2)You thank .2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自反身代词的常见搭配： 1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己 3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地 5.help oneself to 请自便；随便吃 6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头）2)many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多much + 不可数（但a lot of不能用于否定句）3) few , a few ; little , a little.The story is easy to read. There are _new wordsin it. few .Hurry up! There is_ time left. little 4) everyone / anyone ( )_ of us wants to read the book. BA. Everyone B. Every oneC. Nobody D. No one.May I have _ apple ?5 .These cups are clean. _ are dirty.I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the othersone another (三者以上的)相互each other (两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人)They help one another (说明they指三个人以上). neither none.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none作主语为单数，但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名( )1._ of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river. CA. both B. any C. either D. all 7) each: (二者以上的)every: (三者以上的)每个只作定语）._ student in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard.Every ; Each练