8下英语复习知识清单doc

八下英语期末复习知识清单Unit 1 Whats the matter?1. Whats the matter (with you) ?询问别人的身体状况Whats the matter with you/ her/ him / your brother?=Whats wrong with you? Whats trouble? = Whats the problem? =Whats up? / What happened?2. I have a stomachache. He has a very sore throat now. Maybe you have a fever. Someone cut his knee. 表示身体状况的短语 have a headache / have a toothache / have a stomachache / have a sore throat / have a sore back / have a sore leg have a fever / have a cough / have (bad) cold / have a nosebleed / have a heart problem hurt my knee/ cut her finger / fall down / feel sick / get hit on the head / hit him on the head3. You shouldnt eat so much next time. You should go to the doctor and see the dentist. Maybe get an X-ray. He should lie down and have a rest .表建议：should do / shouldnt do take your temperature put some medicine on it run it under waterdrink some hot tea with honey take some medicine rest for days 4. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water. too much + 不可数名词 too much time / money/ homework much too + 形容词/ 副词 much too tired / excited / late5. Should I put some medicine on it? -Yes, you should. / No, you shouldnt.6. I think you sat the same way for too long time without moving. without doing sth. 没有做某事 without eating breakfast / doing homework7. It doesnt seem like you have a fever. 看起来你不像发烧。 seem like + 名词/ 从句 seem + adj. / to do He seems crazy. look + adj. 看起来 He looks so happy today. look tired/ terrible / sad/ well look like + n. 看起来像The hat looks like a cat. sound + adj. 听起来 sound good / interesting / boring sound like + n. 听起来像 sound like a bird / a good idea8. You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你应该远离电脑休息休息。 take breaks = take a break 休息9. But to his surprise, the all agreed to get with bus. to ones surprise 使惊奇的是 in surprise 吃惊地 He looked at me in surprise .be surprised to do 对感到吃惊 We are all surprised to hear that he failed the exam.10. Thanks to Mr Wang and the passengers, the old man was saved by doctors in time.thanks to + 名词/ 代词 幸亏/ 多亏thanks for +名词/ 代词/ 动名词 Thanks for your help. Thanks for asking. 11. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhongshan Road. 第26路公交车在中山路撞了一位老人。12. Did you hurt yourself playing basketball? 你在打篮球时弄伤了你自己吗？ playing basketball 动名词表伴随状况。13. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做 used to do 过去常常做 He used to take a walk after dinner.Last year I used to study harder at all my subjects. 去年我努力学习我的所有学科。14. The driver got off the bus and asked the woman what happened. What happened? 发生了什么 Whats happening? happen to sb, 某人怎么了 What happened to Jim?15. How did he free himself? 他是如何解放自己的？16. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 失去手臂后，他写了一本名字叫Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 的书。 a book named / called 一本名叫的书 a boy named / called Jimmy a city named / called Yangshuo 17. Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions and of being in control of ones life. Aron讲述了做出好的决定和掌控自己的生命的重要性。 tell + 从句 / tell sb. sth. / tell sb. to do sth. tell us a story tell me not to be late next time Mr Wu told us there was going to be a new movie next week. tell of + 名词 important adj. 重要的 importance n. 重要性the importance of +n. / doing sth. / 做的重要性 be in control of 掌管，管理 18. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains. 他的对登山运动的爱是如此大以至于他坚持登山。 love for 对的热爱 love for animals keep doing / keep on doing 坚持做 19. Aron lost half his right arm from the 2003 accident. 由于2003年的那次事故，Aron失去了他的半条右臂。Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks1.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 clean up清扫give out 分发，发放 come up with提出，想出put off推迟 put up张贴hand out 分发，发放 call up打电话help sb. out with 帮助走出困境 care for照顾，非常喜欢give up放弃 run out of 用完，耗尽take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象 fix up 修理give away 捐赠 be similar to 与.相似set up=establish 建立 help sb. out 帮助走出困境2. We cant put off making a plan. 3. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.4. A lot of old people are lonely. / I am alone at home. Nobody can help me.5. She read by herself at the age of four.6. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.7. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.9. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. 10. What would it be like to be blind or deaf?11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.13. I was able to bring him home.14. Thank you again for changing my life.15. Im strong in.16. Im free to help in / on 17. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who dont have bikes. Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1. Could you please take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes?Could you please.do sth. ? 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cant take out the rubbish sweep the floor do the dishes fold your/the clothes make your/the bed clean the living room2. Could I use your computer?Could I+ do sth. ?3. Could I at least finish watching this show?at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事4I think two hours of TV is enough for you!enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后enough time / money old/ brave / careful enough5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” come over 过来 in front ofin front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom.【辨析】 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 6. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!all the time = always 一直；总是7. Im just as tired as you are! as.as . 和.一样. as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象8. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不 neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither I nor Jim is a student. / Neither Tom and I am a student.9. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. find + n.( 宾语) + adj.(宾语补足语) 10. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。 in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地11. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? hang out 闲逛12. Could you please pass me the salt?pass v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb. sth = pass sth. to sb.13. Could I borrow that book? Could you lend me some money?borrow / lend borrow 借入,与from 连用，尤指主语【借进来】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 lend 借出,与to 搭配【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人14. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。15. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事 I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth不愿意做某事 = dislike to do / doing 16.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? ask sb. to do / not to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 17. Could I invite my friends to a party?invite sb. to Sp / to do. 邀请某人去某地18. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. make + n./ pron. + adj. make it possible19. They dont have time to study and do housework，toohave time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空have no time to do 20. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱waste / spend time doing sth.21. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. spend. on sth 在某事上花费.sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sth He bought the book for 15 yuan. = He paid 15 yuan for the book. = He spent 15 yuan on the book. = He spent 15 yuan buying the book. It took me 5 days to get there. = I spent 5 days getting there. in order to do sth 为了做某事 = so that + 从句 He works hard to get good grades in the final exam. = He works hard so that he can get good grades in the final exam. get into =enter 进入22. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 = provide sb. with sth. 23. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.It is important (for sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的24. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。depend on 依靠；信赖25. Our neighbors son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.take care of = look after照顾 take good care of = look after well26. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡 16. The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?1.Why dont you talk to your parents? Why dont you do sth. ?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不.呢？I feel really tired. Why not go and have a rest? 2.I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep. too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework 3. My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV. allow doing sth. 允许做某事 They dont allow smoking.Whats wrong( with sb./ sth.) （某人/物） 怎么了？4. Im really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。until 直到. notuntil 直到为止5. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 类似动词：hear，watch, see, feelMr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. look through 浏览6. Yes, but Im still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。be angry with sb. 生某人的气7. Although shes wrong, Its not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。 although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。though / although 不能与but连用 Its not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）8. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show.他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事 He refused to do the work9. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 相反，他却想看什么酒看什么， 一直到深夜。 instead 副词，代替，Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。 instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中She wrote to him instead of calling him.10. If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 He offered to help me. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 主动提供给某人某物 They offered a book to me11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 我堂弟借我东西没有还我。 return v 归还=give back return . to . = give back. to . 把.还给. I return the book to him. v 回来；返回 = come back He borrowed my iphone 4 and didnt return it to me.12. I have to compete with my classmates at school.compete with sb. 和某人竞争 We can compete with each other.13. Its time for homework。 Its time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。Its time for lunch. Its time to do sth Its time to go to school.14. In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）15. Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 【注】类似的动词有： all kinds of 各种各样的 , different kinds of 不同种类的 kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 adj. 友好的Vbe kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好16. Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too.have time to do sth 有时间做某事 Do you have time to play this game with us?17. And they are always comparing them with other children. compare A with B 将A和B 比较People often compare a teacher to a candle. compareto 把.比做 We cant compare us with other people.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a childs development. be good for 对.有益处（反） be bad for对有害处 be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事18.In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to .in ones opinion 以某人的观点； 在某人看来19.Does Cathy Taylor think its important for kids to join after-school activities?Its + adj.(easy/ difficult/ important/ necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth20. keep on happening 持续发生 keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事Mr. Li kept working here for nearly 30 years.Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?过去进行时意义过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。标志 last night, last Saturday ，this morning, the whole morning, all day , at nine yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, at that time,just now，a moment ago等 when, while, as引导的过去时间状语或从句连用。I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。结构过去进行时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成 We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了 否定句形式： was/were not +现在分词 = wasnt / werent doingThis time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 一般疑问式 Was/Were + 主语+ 现在分词? Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 回答： Yes, I / he / she / it was. Yes, we / you / they were. No, I / he / she / it wasnt. No, we / you / they werent. when 和while的用法when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing.1. I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.begin/start to do sth.: 开始做某事 rain heavily/hard=heavy rain2. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.With+宾语+副词（宾补）：作伴随状语3. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.fall asleep： 入睡；睡觉 die down ：逐渐变弱4. While his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.make sure: 确信；务必 work:机器等运转Unit6 An old man tried to movie the mountains.1. An old man tried to movie the mountains. try to do sth 尽力做某事 try ones best to do sth 尽最大力量做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事2. This story reminds us that you can never know whats possible unless you try to make it happen. remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事3.What can Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains. instead 用于句首或句末 instead of +名词 / 代词/ 动词的ing 形式4. But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a man. unless= if -not.- 除非， 如果不（引导条件状语从句，常常“主将从现”Unless you study hard, you wont get good grades. turn-into- = change into 把-变成- 5. One year, the weather was so dry that no food would grow. so-that-如此-以至于- too-to- 太-而不能- adj./adv +enough to do sth 足够-做-三个短语常可互换 The boy is so young that he cant go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.= The boy is not old enough to go to school.Unit 7 whats the highest mountain in the world?1. be higher than any other mountain比其他任何山更高2. the population of the US Whats the population of the US？3. the second longest river in the world世界第二长河4. one of the oldest countries in the world 世界上最古老的国家之一 one of +the/my+形容词的最高级+名词的复数形式5. the first people to reach the top第一个到达顶上的人the first/ last one to do sth 第一或最后一个干什么的（考点）6so many climbers 如此多的登山者7. in the face of difficulties面对困难8. achieve our dreams实现梦想9. at birth在出生的时候=when sb was born10. live up to活到11. a symbol of China Panda is a symbol of China.12. die from illnesses死于疾病 = die because of illnesses/an accident（外因）die of sad / happiness / cancer (癌症) （内因而死）13. the importance of sth. / doing sth.We should know the importance of protecting endangered wild animals.形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成规则变化1.单音节和少数双音节单词，一般在词尾加“-er”或“-est”。 clean tall small cheap short long light high2. 以不发音字母“e”结尾的单词，直接在词尾加 “r”或“st”。 nice late close fine large free rude3. 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加“er”或“est”。 fat big red thin hot fat sad wet4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，应先改“y”为“i”，在加“er”或“est”。 happy easy heavy healthy busy lucky pretty sunny funny5. 其他双音节单词和多音节单词，都在其前面加“more”或“most”。famous exciting carefully beautiful careful quietly 不规则变化 good/ well many / much bad/ badly / ill little far farther-farthest (表距离的远) far-further-furthest （表意义的深远）old older-oldest (表比较) old elder eldest (表年长)He is older than Tony. He is the eldest brother in the family.形容词、副词的原级（原形）、比较级、最高级的用法原级用法: very / so / too / pretty/ quite/ really + 原形 as + adj/ adv.的原级 + as 与一样 The ruler is as long as that one. He sings as well as Jack. not so /as + 原形 + as 不如. = less + 原形 + than He doesnt sing as (so) well as Jack. as much as as many as 与一样多I have done as much work as he did yesterday. You can take as many books as you can.比较级用法: 比较级 + than 比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越” warmer and warmer nicer and nicer more and more beautiful, more and more fun the + 比较级 the + 比较级 The more you read the book, the more interesting you found . 比较级的修饰语有 : much/ far / even/ a little /a lot + adj./adv. 比较级 much bigger /a lot more interesting / a little longer / a little more carefully / even colder 当比较级后没有than, 而为of the two的结构, 比较级前加the. Mary is the taller of the two girls . 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 / 复数名词 表最高级 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. = Shanghai is the largest city in China.(排除自己)Shanghai is larger than any cities in Africa. (不排除自己) Who is more careful, Alice or Cindy? Which do you like better, pears or bananas?最高级用法: 形容词最高级用于in, of 或among的结构中, of the three / of all in China / in the world / in our class I am the best of / among the three. He is the thinnest boy in my class.the + 形容词最高级，副词最高级不需 + the Jim goes to bed latest in my family. one of + the 最高级+ (pl.) n. 最之一 China is one of the oldest countries in the world. the + 序数词 + 最高级 第最 The Yellow River is the second river in China. Which is the least interesting film youve ever seen? Who is the tallest, Tom, Jim or Bill? Which do you like best, pandas, tigers or dogs?其它用法： less + 原形 + than不如 Alice is less healthy than Danny. This T-shirt is the same size as that one. The red shirt is five yuan cheaper than that blue one. My brother is ten years older than me. 倍数 + as 原形 as 是的倍This park is three times as big as the Summer Palace. This book cost twice as much as that one. 倍数 + 比较级 + than 比多倍 This room is twice bigger than that one. Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?1. -Have you ever been to a history museum? -No, I havent. -Me, neither. = Neither have I . have/ has been to 到过某地 He has been to Sanya three times. -How many times have you ever been to Jiu