机械精加工余量标准

1本标准适用于本公司所有产品的精加工，包括外协零件。2引用标准GB1800-1804-80 公差与配合GB486385机械制造工艺基本术语3机械加工余量的定义加工余量：为保证零件规定的质量，在加工过程中从其表面上切除的金属层。中间余量：为完成某一工艺、工步，工艺切除的金属层。总余量：为完成全部工艺、工步，从毛坯到制成零件全部工 序需要切除的金屈层。4加工余量的计算4.1采用极值法计算余量的定义4.1.1外表而最小加工余量夕卜表面授小加匸余量是被加工零件相邻两工步的前工步的最小极限尺寸与后工步的最大极限尺寸之差。4.1.2内表面最小加工余量内表面最小加工余量是被加工零件相邻两工步的后工步的授小极限尺寸与前工步的最大极限尺寸Z差。4.1.3外表面最大加工余量外表面最大加匸余量是被加工零件相邻两匸步的前工步的最大极限尺寸与后工步的最小极限尺寸之差。4.1.4内表面最大加工余量内表而最大加工余量是被加工零件相邻两工步的后工步的最大极限尺寸与前工步的最小极限尺寸之差。（上述定义，对外圆和内孔来说，是双而余量）4.2极值法余量计算公式4.2.1最小余量的计算公式：对外 4 fil 加 1 - Zbmin=aminbniax对外圆加匚2Zbmin=damm-d bmax对内表frl 加 I - Zhrin=hminnmnx对 T 内孔加匸：2Zbmin=dbmin-dainaxZbnun本工序单面最小余量。2Zbrain本工序双面直径最小余量。Namm、山皿amax、damax前一工步最小和最大极限尺寸。abrnin、dbnun、Bbmax、dbmax 本工步（加工后）最小和最大 极限尺寸。422最大余量的计算公式：ZbmaxZbmin+T a+T b2Zbmax=2Zbmm +Tda+Tdb式中：Ta. Tda上工序的尺寸公差、直径公差。几、Tdb本工序的尺寸公差、直径公差。423加工内、外表面基本余量计算公式：Zb里本=Zbmm+Ta单边余量2Zb贰木=2Zbmm+Tdo外圆余量32Zb jiL41；=2Zbmm+TDa 内孔余量5最小加工余量制定依据5.1影响最小加工余量因素及其相互关系对称两表rfri分两个工序按顺序加工时每一表面的最小余量:Zbmm= Rza+T 缺 a + a+ b对称两表血在同一工序中用两把刀具分别同时加工(平行加工)两表面时的最小余量:2Zbmm=2(Rza+T 缺a + J+ b)回转表面加工时的最小余量：2Zbmm = 2(Rza + T 缺 a+ 乜 / + / )式中：Rza、T%、g a所研究表而上工步的微观不平行度、表面缺陷深度、空间偏差的向量和。b本工步的毛坯安装谋差，空间偏差， 安装误差一般取定位误差和夹紧误差的向量和。6制定机械加工余量标准的主要依据6.1应采用故小加工余量，以求缩短加工时间，降低零件制造费用。6.2应有充分的加工余量，特别是故后的工序，加工余量应能保证得到图纸所规定的表面粗糙度、尺寸、形状和位置精度。6.3应有充分的加1】余量来消除热处理引起的零件变形。6.4制定加工余量应考虑加工方法及设备，以及加工过程中零件 可能发生的变化。56.5制定加工余量应考虑被加工零件的大小、形状等因素。7 加工余量值的公差选择根据以下要求：7.1公差不应超过经济的加工精度范围。7.2选择公差时应考虑到余量的大小，因为公差的界线决定加工 余量的最大尺寸与最小尺寸。7.3选择公差应根据零件的最后精度。注：加工余量公差值=Zbinax -Zamm =Ta +T b8精加工余量及公差标准8.1精车余量&1.1粗车后，零件精车的加工余量盘类L/DW 1ft径(mm)W1 0010030030055055070070090090012001200直径余量tl1.522.533.545端面余量t211.51.522.534公差Ho0.150.200.300.400.450.50.6斗e oO寸A1OE100300300550550 700700 900900 1200直径余量tl2344.556端面余暈t211.522.533.5公差HO0.20.30.40.50.60.8轴类L/D2直径羞C100100 300300 550550 900tlt2公差tlt2公差tl(2公tlt2公差W5010.80.11.510.221.50.22.51.50350 1001.510.22.520.231.50.4100 200210.2532033.520.4200 30032033.520.4300 5503.520.4克径900 12001200 20002000nt2公tlt2tlt2公差W50320.450 100320.442.50.44.530.5100 2003.52.50.442.50.454.530.5200 30042.50.454.530.553.50.55300 5504.530.4553.50.55.53.50.60一8.1.2粗车后，零件需去应力（时效）的精加工余量盘类貢径(mm)50 100100 300300550550 700700 900900 120012003000直径余量22.534568端面余量11.522.5345公差0.20.250.30.40.50.60.8套类、短轴类1WL/DW2直径W5050 100100 200200300300 400400550肖径余量1.522.5345端面余量111.522.53公差0.150.200.250.30.40.5(3)圈 类(D-d) /dW0.2, L/DW0.5直径50 100100 300300550550 700700900900 1000直径余量2346810端而余暈11.52.53.54.56公差0.20.30.40.50.60.8(4)轴类 L/D2W100100 300300 550550 900tlt2公差tlt2公差tlt2公差tlt2公差5010.80.221.50.22.51.50.3320350 10021.50.22.51.50.3320.3100 2002.51.50.2320.3320.35200 30032033.520.35300 55042.50.4900 12001200 200020003000直径余虽公墨tlt2公差tlt2公八tlt2公差W503.520.3550 1003.5203542.50.4530.5100 20042.50.44.534.55.53.50.5200 3004.52.50.553.50.563.50.6300 550530.55.53.50.66.540.68.1.3粗车后，零件需调质的精加工余量（1）盘类径50 100100 300300 550550700700 900900120012003000直径余鼠581010121416端面余量3568101012公差+0.2+0.3+0.4+0.6+0.8+0.8+1（2）套类、短轴类直径W5050 100100 200200 300300400400550直径余量368101212端面余量3468810公差+03+0.4+0.5十0.6+0.8+0.8（3）圈类直径50 100100 300300550550700700 900900 1200直径余量61014161820端面余量468101214公差+0.4+0.5+0.6+0.8+1+1.2（4）轴类W100100 300300 550550 900肖汎公差tl12公差tlt2公差tlt2a y；tlt2公差W50530.3640.4860.51080.650 100860.5860.51080.6100 2001080.61080.61280.8200 3501280.81280.835050012100.8900 12001200200020003000直彳公差tlt2公差tlt2公tlt2公差W5050 1001280.814100.814100.8100 2001280.814100.814100.8200 3501280.814100.816101350 5001280.814100.8161018丄4切除渗碳层的加工量（“直径余量，L端面余量,5公差）Si（0.4 0.7）S2（0.6 0.9）S3（0.7 1.0）S4（0.8 1.1）S5（0.9 1.2）eL5eL54L5eL5eL5DW3001.510.221.50.22.51.50.3320.3320.3300VDW70021.50.32.51.50.32.51.50.3320.33.52.50.4700VDW12502.51.50.3320.3320.33.52.50.4430.4S6（1.0 1.3）S7（l.l 1.4）S$（1.2 1.5 ）S9（1.3 1.6）Sio（1.5 1.8）DW3003.520.43.520.442.50.44.530.453.50.5300VDW70042.50.442.50.44.530.533.50.55.53.50.5700VDW12504.530.44.530.5530.553.50.55.540.6S“（1.6 1.9）Si2（1.8 2.1）Si3（1.9 2.2）Si4（2.0 2.3）Si5（2.1 2.5）DW30053.50.55.53.50.563.50.56.53.50.66.53.50.6300VDW7005.53.50.6640.66.53.50.6740.7740.7700VDW1250640.66.540.6740.7740.77.54.50.7S“（2.3 2.7）S】7（2.1 3.1）Si8（3.1 3.5）S9（3.6 4.0）S2o（4.3 4.7）DW300740.68.550.69.55.50.71060.81370.8300VDW7007.54.50.7950.7105.50.71170.91480.9700VDW125084.50.89.55.50.810.560.81270.915818丄5切碳层后，需淬火的精加工余量直径50 100100 300300550550700700900900 1200苴径余量234568端面余最1.522.5344.5公差+0.2+0.25+0.3+0.4+0.5+0.6（2）套类、短轴类直径W5050 100100 200200300300 400400500直径余最22.53456端面余量1.51.522.534公差+0.2十0.3+03十0.4+0.5+0.6（3）圈类直径50 100100 300300 550550 700700900900 1200直径余量2.54681012端面余囂1.52.54568公差+0.2+0.3+0.4十0.5+0.6+0.8（4）轴类W100100 :300300 550550 900直彳差tlt2公差tlt2公&tlt2公八tlt2公差W501.51+0.221.5+0.332+0.342.5+0.450 1002.51.5+0.33.52+0.342.5+0.4100 2002.51.5+0.342+0.342.5+0.4200 35042+0.34.52.5+0.4350-50053+0.4900 12001200200020003000直4公差tlt2公差tlt2公50-10053+0.563+0.684+0.6100-20053+0.563+0.684+0.6200-35053+0.563+0.684+0.63505005.53+0.563*0.684+0.68.2磨削余量8.2.1孔磨削加工余量孔直径零件磨孔长度L公差d性质W5050 100100200200300300 400400500直径余量aCIO彳、淬硬0.080.10.036淬硬0.10.1510 18未淬硬0.10.10.150.043淬硬0.150.150.218 30未淬硬0.150.200.250.300.052淬硬0.200.250.300.3530 50未淬硬0.200.200.250.300350.062淬碳0.250.250.300.350.4050 100未淬0.250.250.300300.350.400.074淬硬0.350.350.400.450.450.50100 200未淬硬0300300.350.350.400.450.10淬硬0.400.400.450.500.550.6021LcxiI c孔直径d零件性质磨孔长度L公差W5050 100100 200200 300300400400 500氏径余鼠a200300未淬硬0.350350350.100.450.500.12淬硬0.450.450.500.550.600.70300 400未淬硬0.400.450.450.500.550.600.14淬换0.500.550.600.700.800.90400500未淬硬0.450.500.550.600.650.700.18淬硬0.550.600.750.800.9018.2.2外圆磨削的加工余量轴的fl径d轴的性质轴的长度L公羞W100100 200200 400400 700700 1200120020002000直径余最aW10未淬硕0 150.200.250036淬破0.20.250.310 18耒淬硬0.150.200.25030 043淬%更0.20.25030.3518 30未淬硬0.20.20.250350 052淬硬030.350350430 50未淬皎0.250.25030.350.350.40 062淬硬030350404040650 100耒淬便0.3030.350.350350.40.450.07淬%更04040450506070.8100 200未淬锁0.3030350.350.40.450.50.10淬硬0.40.40.450.50.60.70.823轴的直径d轴的性质轴的长度L公差W100100200200 400400 700700 1200120020002000直径余童a200300未淬啖0.30.30.350.350.40.450.50.12淬硬0.450.450.50.50.60.70.8300 400未淬啖0.350.350.40.450.450.50.5504淬硬0.50.50.60.70.70.80.8400 550未淬0.40.40.40.450.550.60.70.18淬硬0.50.550.60.70.80.918.2.3端面（肩格面）磨削的加工余量零件直径d零件性质零件全长L18 5050100100200200400400 700700 12001200 20002000余量aW30未淬硬0.10.150.150.200.20淬硕0.150.200.200.250.3030 50未淬破0.150.150.200.200.250.30淬硕0.200.200.250.300.3503550 100未淬唤0.150.150.150.200.250.300.3淬硬0.250.200.250.300.350350.35100 300未淬便0.200.200.200.200.250.300.35035淬硕0.250.250.250300300.350.400.45300 550未淬硬0.250.250.250.250.300.300.350.35淬硬0300300300300350.350.400.45550 700未淬硕0.300.300.300.25淬硕0.400350.350.35700 900未淬硬0.300.300.300.30淬駛0.450.400.400.40258.3平面加工余量8.3.1平面刨、铳粗加工后,留精加工余量粗加工后，不需热处理和需时效的余量加工面长度加工面宽度C100100 550550 120012002000不执处理时效公差不执处理时效公差不执处理时效公差不执 八处理时效公差100 30011.2+0.3300 5501.51.5+0.3550 90022.5+0.533.5+0.5900120033.5+0.534+0.545+0.51200 200044.5+0.545+0.546+0.556.5+0.52000 300056+0.556+0.557+0.567+0.5832平面刨、铳精加工后,留磨削余量加工长度加工面宽度W5050 200200 550550 120012002000不淬火淬火公差不淬火淬火公差不淬火淬火公差不淬火淬火公差不淬火淬火公差W500.150.20.0550 1000.150.30.05100-2000.20.40.050.250.40.05200 5500.250.50.050.30.50.05550 9000.30.60.050.350.60.050.40.60.1900 -20000.350.050.350.050.40.10.40.12000-30000.40.050.40.050.450.10.450.18.4箱体孔精加I余绘841粗铎孔后需经时效处理的，留精铎余量箱体孔两外侧端面距离W400箱体孔两外侧端而距离400700孔的箱体宽箱体宽长度直径W5050 100100 200W5050 100100 200200300余彊a公z-余最a公差余量a公差余量a公差余a公X:余量a公差余fta公差W5040.540.560.550.560.560.58150 10050.560.560.560.560.58181100 2008181819191101111200 300101101101101101121121300400111111131131400 550550 700箱体孔两外侧端面距离400700箱体孔两外侧端面距离A400700孔的长度直径箱体宽箱体宽W5050 100100 200200 300W5050 100100200200300余量a公差余童a公差余岚a公差余!50 10060.5718181818181101100 20081811011011011011011212003001011011211211211211211413004001111111211211211211211414005501411411411615507001611611818.5齿轮精加工余量8.5.1精滚齿和精插齿的加匸余量模数23456789101112余量a0.60.750.91.051.21.351.51.71.92.12.2公差0.050.050.060.060.080.080.100.100.120.120.158.5.2磨齿加匸余量盘套类轴类齿圈类公差29热处理模直径数滚齿后不执处理淬火渗碳淬火滚齿后不热处理淬火渗碳淬火滚齿后不执处理淬火渗碳淬火W200130.200.250.250.250.350.350.250.350.350.05350.25030350300.400.400.30.40.40.05570.300.40.450350.450.500.350.450.50.05790.350.50.550.400.500.550.450.500.60.059 120.400.550.550.450.550.650.50.600.70.05120.450.60.60.500.60.700.550.700.750.05W400130.250.300350.250.350.350.250.350.350.05350.300.350.400.300.400.400.30.40.40.05570.350.400.450.350.450.500350.450.50.05790.400.500.550.400.500.550.450.550.60.059 120.450.550.600.450.550.650.50.650.70.05120.500.650.700.500.60.700.550.750.80.05W700130.250300350300.400.400.05350.350.350.400.350.450.450.05570.400.450.500.400.550.600.05790.450.500.600.450.600.700.05种类盘套类轴类齿圈类公差热处理模直径数滚齿后不热处理淬火渗碳淬火滚齿后不执处理淬火渗碳淬火滚齿后不热处理淬火渗礦淬火W7009 120.500.600.650.500.650.750.05120.550.700.750.550.750.850.05W900130.30.350.350300.400.450.05350.40.400.400.40.550.600.05570.450.500.500.450.700.750.05790.500.550.600.500.800.850.059 120.550.600.650.550.900.950.05120.60.70.750.601.001.050.05W125O130.3350.4570.45790.509 120.55120.68.5.3剃齿的齿焊加工余量模数余量模数余卅模数余量313屮24H40.045 0.0700.035 0.0600.025 0.050OS55o4O0.070 0.0950.065 0.0900.060 0.0850.050 0.075o00o0.085 0.1100.080 0.1050.075 0.100