英译汉第七课

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,增译法,Amplification,增译法,The bridge is long.,译1：这桥长。,译2：这座桥是长的。,译3：这座桥很长。,作为翻译的一项原那么，译者是不允许随意增减原文的意义的。但这并不是说译文和原文必须一词对一词。一词对一词往往不能得到通顺的译文。因此在不失原意的前提下，为了使译文准确通顺，符合汉语的表达习惯，添加一些必要的词是允许的。,1.增补动词,1No flower，by request.,乞求得不到鲜花。,2He thinks that everybody stands in need of him,and he of none.,他认为人人都需要他，而他不需要任何人。,3In this mood,I went to the diplomatic circles,earnest but only sketchily informed.,我怀着这样的心情进入外交界，虽有满腔热情，但知识浅薄的很。,4Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.(Francis Bacon),读史使人明智；读诗诗人灵秀；数学使人周密；科学使人深刻；伦理学使人庄重；逻辑修辞学使人善辩。,增补名词,1She spent most of her spare time at home,reading and drawing.,她的大局部空余时间是在家里度过的，读书、作画。,2She was small and slight,pale,but very beautiful.,她身量瘦小，面色苍白，但模样倒很漂亮。,3More and more Western people have realized that goods made in China are cheap and fine.,越来越多的西方人认识到，中国造商品物美价廉。,4 The first and the hardest task of the new government was to deal with the ever-growing unemployment.,新政府最紧迫、最艰巨的任务是解决日益增加的失业问题。,增补名词,5)He got his doctors degree at Cambrige in 2002.,2002年他在剑桥大学获得了博士学位。,6He bought a Bluebird last month.,上个月他买了一部蓝鸟轿车。,抽象名词后面增补名词：,persuasion 说服工作 preparation 准备工作,tension紧张局势investigation调查研究工作,arrogance自满情绪backwardness落后状态,增补形容词,增补形容词有诠释性增补，也有修饰性增补，使译文读起来更加顺口。,1listen,what a man he is!,听听，他多伟大啊！,2Courage is the thing.All goes if courage goes.,勇气是最重要的东西。丧失了勇气，也就丧失了一切。,3)we must listen carefully to the masses.,我们必须认真听取广阔群众的意见。,增补表示复数概念的词,汉语名词的数是隐形的，即没有形态变化，要表示复数感念常常采用增加“们、“诸位、“各位、“各个等词，或采用重复名词、副词、量词、增补表示复数的量词等手段。,1Ladies and gentlemen!,女士们，先生们！,2Delegates and leaders.,诸位代表，诸位领导。,3I love my hometown;I love the hills and streams there.,我爱我的家乡，爱家乡的山山水水。,4Birds worship phonix.,百鸟朝凤。,5This policy of the local government will benefit families which have moved in from the countryside in recent years.,当地政府的这一政策将惠及近年来从农村迁入该市的千家万户。,增补表示时态的词,和名词的数一样，汉语动词的时态也是隐形的。翻译时要表现原文的时态，就必须加上一些表示时态的词。如：,一般现在时-现在、目前、眼下,一般将来时-将来、以后、往后、将、就,一般过去时-过去、从前、以前、原来,完成时-曾、曾经、已、已经、尚、尚未,进行时-正、正在、。着,1 I have been to England twice.,我去过英国两次。,2I havent heard from him since last year.,从去年以来，我不曾收到过他的来信。,3She came in while I was writing a letter.,她进来时我正在写信.,4)We dont seek hegemony.We never have and never will.,我们不称霸。我们过去不称霸，将来也绝不称霸。,增加语气助词,汉语有许多独特的语气助词，如“的、“吗、“啦、“呢、“啊、“呀、“嘛、“了、“呗、“喽、“罢了等等，如果使用恰当，能产生特殊的修辞效果。,1Dont take it seriously.Im just joking.,别当真嘛，我不过是开个玩笑罢了。,2I dont care about it.You may please yourself.,我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。,3Just look at her face,red as an apple.,你瞧她的脸呦，红的像苹果似的。,4 Do what I say-or else!,照我说的做。不然的话-哼！,增补名量词和动量词,英语中数词或冠词与名词连用时，中间没有量词。译成汉语时要根据汉语的习惯增补名量词或动量词。,1名量词,a man 一个人 a tree 一棵树,a dog 一只狗 a fish一条鱼,two pigs 两头猪 three donkeys三头驴,one house 一幢房子 three films 三部电影,A full moon is rising from the east.,一轮明月从东方升起。,A fleecy cloud floated past.,一片浮云飘然而去。,A beautiful face is a letter of recommendation.,一副漂亮的脸蛋就是一封介绍信。,2动量词,give a look 看一眼 have a rest 休息一下,have a quarrel 吵一架 give a kick 踢一脚,have a discussion 讨论一番,oh,you frightened me.,啊，你吓了我一跳。,On hearing what I said,She gave me an angry look.,听了我的话，她生气地瞪了我一眼。,The guard looked me up and down and then waved me in.,卫兵上下打量我一番，然后挥挥手让我进去。,增补概括词,汉语在罗列了两个以上的事物之后，往往在后面加上概括词，如“二人“双方“等等。,1 That was the first cooperation of the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China.,那是国共两党的第一次合作。,2China and Candacehave reached an understanding on the exchange of returned students.,中加双方就互派留学生问题达成了谅解。,Proteins are composed of carbon,hydrogen,oxyen and nitrogen.,蛋白质是由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素构成的。,practice,1)We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights,that among these are life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness.(,The American Declaration of Independnece),2)Either a beast or a god.(Aristotle),3)Trust not a new friend nor a old enemy.,4)Every man is a fool sometimes,and none at all times.,keys,1)这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等。造物主赋予了他们某些不可剥夺的权力，诸如生活的权利、自由的权利，以及追求幸福的权利。,2)要么为兽，要么为人。,3不要相信新朋友，也不要相信旧敌人。,4人人都会糊涂一时，但谁也不会糊涂一世。,省略法,省略法和增益法是一个问题的两个方面。省略法并非将某些内容省略不译，而是省略那些可有可无的、重复出现的、不言而喻的、或者保存下来不符合归宿语习惯的词语，其目的仍然是使译文忠实、通顺。,1.省略代词,同一主语，不译不会引起误解，译了反而不符合汉语习惯,1)Dr.Bethune begun to work as soon as he got to the front.,白求恩大夫一到前线就开始工作。,2Mary was in a hurry to get back to her post.She started off and turned back again.,玛丽急于回到自己的岗位上去，可走了出去，又转了回来。,如果做主语的人称代词是泛指，而不是特指，这个代词省略不译倒是最好的翻译。,1Without eyes you cannot see;without ears you cannot hear.,没有眼睛看不见，没有耳朵听不见。,2He commands enough that obeys a wise man.,听智者言，领百万兵。,3you can never tell who is right.,很难说谁对谁错。,4we live and learn.,活到老，学到老。,省略作主语的先行词it,1)It is necessary to develop our computer science at high speed.,必须高速开展我国的计算机科学。,2It is easier driving a flock than one.,一群羊比一只羊好赶。,3we deem it necessary that a test is to be held every other week.,我们认为，每隔一周进行一次测验是必要的。,4)Do you consider it better that we put off the meeting till next week?,你认为把会议推迟到下一周会不会更好些？,省略强调句中的代词it,英语常用“it+be+that结构表示强调，而汉语无此结构。译成汉语时须将这种强调句中的it 省略，采用适当的手段将强调语气表现出来。,1)It was he