高三英语课件:词汇归类

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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高三英语词汇归类总复习,纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是对,词汇,的考查。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就有厚厚九本书(新 版教材),两千多单词,数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复 杂的语法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又,漫无边际,。怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果?下面就历届高考 词汇考查频繁的内容,从语法、习语、辨析 和拼写等四方面将语音、词汇、语 法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇的归类总复习。,一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关,英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着 眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的,语法功能,上去把握它们。如在复习动 词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分 类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。,1.,宾语不同,意义也不同,英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高 考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:,go on doing,(,继续干同一件事),go on to do,(,接着去干另一件事),stop doing,sth,.,(,停止正在干的事),stop to do,sth,.,(,停下来去干某事),regret doing,(,后悔干了某事),regret to do,(,相当于,be sorry to do,),forget/remember doing,(,忘记记得已做过的事),forget/remember to do,(,忘记记得要干的事),mean doing,(,意味着干,),mean to do,(,想干,),try doing,(,尝试,做),try to do,(,设法做)(,95,高考),You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.“Well,now I regret_ _that.,A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done,(,92,高考),I usually go there by train.“Why not _by boat for a change?,A.to try going B.trying to go,C.to try and go D.try going,2.,都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同,某些动词如,forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider,等直接接动词 作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:,We forbid smoking here.,(,宾语),We forbid you to smoke here.,(,宾补),You are forbidden to smoke here.,(,主补)(,87,高考),They would not allow him _across the enemy line.,A.to risk going B.risking going,C.for risk to go D.risk going,3.,宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同,有些词如,need,require,want,deserve,等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与,worth,worthy,一并记忆。两种 形式意义相同。如:,The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.,(,85,高考),This sentence needs_.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,4.,只接不定式作宾语的词和词组,只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:,decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able,have,等。如:,he pretended _me when I passed by.,A.not to see B.not seeing,C.to not see D.having not seen,5.,只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 只接动名词作宾语的词和词组,mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,excape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be used to,excuse,be worth,imagine,put off,give up,等。如:(,92,高考),I would appreciate _back this afternoon.,A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling,(,87,高考),The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.,A.catching B.to be caught,C.being caught D.to catch,6.,半系动词 半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表,感观,的系动词:,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,(,这些词用形容词作表语),,seem,appear,表,变化,的系动词:,become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run,表,依旧,的系动词:,remain,keep,stay,stand,lie,可带名词作表语的系动词:,be,become,make,sound,prove,remain,turn,(,该词后接的单数名词 前多不用冠词。如:,He turned teacher.,),(,91,高考),These oranges taste_.,A.good B.well C .to be good D.to be well,7.,含,被动,意味的动词,有些动词,如,sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示 主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:,My pen writes smoothly.,我的笔好写。,Oil burns easily.,油易燃烧。,(,88,高考),That suit _over 60 dollars.,A.had,costed,B.,costed,C.is cost D.cost,(,97,高考),Is this raincoat yours?“,No,mine _there behind the door.,A.is hanging B.has hung,C.hangs D.hung,Can you see the picture_(,挂,)on the wall?,8.,具有两种形式的易混动词,中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或 考测时极易弄混。如:,hang,hanged,hanged,(,绞死),hang,hung,hung,(,挂起),light,lit,lit,(,点燃,作谓语),light,lighted,lighted,(,过去分词作形容词用时,意谓,燃烧着的,,作 定语),drink,drank,drunk/drunken,(,喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓,醉的,,,drunk,多作表语,,drunken,多作定语),sink,sank,sunk/sunken,(,下沉;过去分词,sunken,作形容词用时,作定语),bear,bore,born,(,出生),bear,bore,borne,(,结果;生育),lie,(,撒谎),,lied,lied,lying lie,(,躺,卧,位于),,lay,lain,lying,(,89,高考),Do you know the boy _under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying,The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.,二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关,英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词 或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。,1.,常用的搭配活跃的名词,常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:,time,way,moment,means,等。如,time,的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:,in no time,(,立刻,马上),,on time,(,按时),,in time,(,及时、迟早),,at a time,(,一次),,behind the times,(,落伍),,behind time,(,不及时,晚点),,,at one time,(,曾经),,for a time,(,一度),,at other times,(,其它时候,平素),at times,(,有时候),,at all times,(,一直,经常)(,93,高考),If you keep on,you will succeed_.A.in time B at on time,C.on time D.at the same time,(,94,高考),Dont all speak at once!_,please.,A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time,2.,常用的搭配活跃的动词,常用的搭配活跃的动词有:,look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come,等。复习时我们要 尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如,turn,一词:,turn on,(,打开),,turn off,(,关上),,turn up,(,放大音量等;出现),,turn down,(,放小音量等;拒绝),,turn in,(,上交),,turn against,(,反对),,turn out,(,生产),,turn away,(,避开),(,81,高考),Would you mind _your radio a little?,A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down,(,92,高考),Readers can _quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.,A.get over B.get out of,C.get along D.get off,3.,常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词,搭配活跃的介词、副词有:,in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with,等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如,on,的搭配有:,on,与动词的搭配,get on,(,上车船等),,live on,(以,为生),,feed on,(以,为生),,take on,(,接受;雇用),,turn on,look on,(,旁观),spy on,(,侦 察窥探),,call on,(,号召;拜访),go on,(,继续),hav
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