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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Chapter 6,Non-Current Assets,Learning objectives,After pleting this chapter,you should be able to:,1.Describe the nature of depreciation.,2.Explain the factors that affect the determination of depreciation expense.,3.Calculate the amount of depreciation by the straight-line method.,4.Calculate the amount of depreciation by units-of-production methods.,5.Calculate accelerated depreciation under the declining-balance method and the sum-of-the-years-digits method.,Special Terms,(1,)depreciation,(n.),折旧,(2)residual value(or salvage value),残值,(3)straight-line method,直线法,(4)the unitsofproduction method,工作量法,(5,)accelerated,method,加速折旧法,(6)declining-balance method,余额递减法,(7)sum-of-the-years-digits method,年,数总和法,(8)doubledeclining-balance(DDB)method,双倍余额递减法,(9)accumulated depreciation,累计折旧,6.1 Tangible Assets and Depreciation,Tangible assets,are,long-lived,tangible assets acquired for,continued use,in carrying on the normal operations of the business and,not,intended for resale.,Land,buildings,machinery,min()r,equipment,furniture,tools,vehicles,vik()l,and natural resources.,The primary phases of accounting for operational assets are:,1.Measuring and recording the cost of the asset at acquisition date.,2.After acquisition,measuring the expense of using the asset during its useful life.,3.Recording disposal of operational assets.,Acquisition Date,The cost of the asset is determined by the cash or cash-equivalent price paid to acquire the asset.There may be many cost ponents incurred to acquire and prepare the asset for its intended use.,Purchase price,Freight costs,fret,运费,Installation,cost,nstle()n,安装成本,of a productive asset.,Example P58,During its useful life,After acquisition,tangible operational assets decrease in economic utility to the user because of a number of causative factors,such as wear and tear,磨损,the passage of time,时光流逝,obsolescence,bslesns,过时,and technological changes,技术进步,.,Depreciation is the accounting process of allocating the periodic expiration of capital assets against the periodic revenue earned.,Factors affecting depreciation,Factors,that influence depreciation are,cost,of the asset;,C,estimated,residual value(or salvage value);,RV,estimated,service life;,N or P,depreciation rate;,R,Dollar amount of depreciation per period.,D,Depreciation methods,1,.Straight-line,method,直线折旧法,The straight-line method of depreciation allocates,equal amounts,of the cost of an asset to each accounting period during its estimated life.,This,method is the most mon method used to allocate the cost of property,plant and equipment among accounting periods because it is,easy and simple to calculate,.A typical example would be depreciation for a building or for office furniture.The depreciation is puted as follows:,Depreciation per year,Annual rate of depreciation,【Example 1】,Stanley Coal Mines recently purchased an additional,crane,【,kren,】,吊车,for digging purposes.Pertinent,data,有关资料,concerning,the purchase of the crane are:,Cost of crane$500,000,Estimated useful life 5 years,Estimated,residual,value$50,000,Under straight-line method,the depreciation expense for each year of the crane is calculated:,($500,000$50,000),5 years=$90,000 per,year,The entry to record this,depreciation expense would be,Depreciation expense 90,000,Accumulated depreciation 90,000,On the balance sheet,accumulated depreciation,is,deducted from,the cost of property,plant,and equipment,and difference,called the,book value,(or property,plant,and equipment,net),is included in total assets.,2.Units-of-production,method,工作量法,T,he Units-of-production method allocates the cost of an asset to,usage,rather than years.This method amortizes the cost of the asset over the,estimated service life,as measured by estimated units of production,not by estimated years.,If,the use of the asset varies and the contribution to revenue,differs from period to period,the units-of-production method may be appropriate.The depreciation per unit of production is determined as follows:,Depreciation cost per unit=,Depreciation expense for period=,Depreciation cost per unit,actual production amount during current period,Note that the straight-line method provides a,constant,不变的,depreciation amount per year,but the units-of-production method provides a constant amount per unit of production.,【Example 2】Use the data provided in example 1,it is estimated that the productive life of the crane is about 30,000 hours.If the crane is used 4,000 hours the first year,the depreciation charge would be:,($500,000,$50,000)4,000,30,000=$60,000,3.Accelerated methods,Accelerated methods charge higher amounts of depreciation to,the earlier years,of an assets life.As an asset has,greater,economic benefit in the earlier years of its life than in the later years,depreciation should be allocated more in the early years of the assets life,the amount of depreciation charged period declines with time,.,Two,mon methods for allocating depreciation on an acceler
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