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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,代 词,(,pron.),一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清,分类,人称、作用,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,主格,宾格,形容词性,名词性,第一人称,单数,I,me,my,mine,myself,复数,we,us,our,ours,ourselves,第二人称,单数,you,you,your,yours,yourself,复数,you,you,your,yours,yourselves,第三人称,单数,he,him,his,his,himself,she,her,her,hers,herself,it,it,its,its,itself,复数,they,them,their,theirs,themselves,作用,主语,宾语、表语,定语,主语、表语、宾语,宾语、表语、同位语,（一）人称代词的语序：,单数形式：（二、三、一）,即：you/he/I,复数形式：（一、二、三）,即；we/you/they,（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。,名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。,eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?,名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。,eg:He is a friend of mine.,二、it的用法,it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。,1.代表前面提到过的事物。如：,My pen is missing.I cant find it anywhere.,2.用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。,-Who is knocking at the door?,-It is me.,The woman had a baby.It was five months old.,二、it的用法,3.表示时间、距离、天气等。如：,It will be sunny tomorrow.,4.作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：,I found it difficult to learn English well first.,It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.,三、反身代词的用法,定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成，可用口诀简记如下：,反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。,一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。,在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：,反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。,三、反身代词的用法,（一）作动词的宾语,反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。,1.enjoy oneself=have a good time,Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?,2.help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。,Help yourselves to some fruit,children.,三、反身代词的用法,3.hurt oneself 伤着自己,She didnt hurt herself.,4.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学,Did you teach yourself English?,=Did you learn English by yourself?,5.look after oneself 照顾自己,I can look after myself well,thanks.,三、反身代词的用法,6.say to oneself自言自语,Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”,e to oneself苏醒,Soon the lady came to herself.,8.make oneself+过去分词，使自己被别人,She did her best to make herself understood.,9.make yourself at home别客气，让自己像在家一样,Help yourself to some fish.Make yourself at home.,10.lose oneself in沉浸于陶醉于,They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.,三、反身代词的用法,（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语,1.by oneself=alone自己做,She has done her homework by herself.,2.for oneself为自己,She made the skirt for herself.,3.of oneself自然而然的、自动的,The door opened of itself.,4.among themselves在他们中间,They are discussing the matter among themselves.,三、反身代词的用法,（三）作表语,反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。,The little boy was myself.,（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。,1.作主语的同位语,You will have to do it yourself.,He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.,作宾语的同位语,I will give the letter to your brother himself.,Youd better ask Mary herself about it.,四、指示代词this/that/these/those,单数,复数,用法1,用法2,this,these,近指,指下文将要提及的事,that,those,远指,指前面刚提过的事,【辨析】one,it,that,it 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。,The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（一）some 与 any,some 常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”时，可用于肯定句。,There arent any students in the classroom.,-Would you like some bread?,-Yes,please.,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（二）辨析both,neither,either,all,none,both,neither和 either这三个词用于两者或两者之间，both表示“两者都”，用于肯定句；neither与both互为反义词，意为“两者都不”；either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全部、都”，none表示“没有任何人或物”。,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,【辨析】so/neither+助动词+主语！和so/neither+主语+助动词！,so+（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。,so+主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（三）many&much,many 和much都有“许多”的意思，many用来修饰可数名词复数，much用来修饰不可数名词。,名词修饰语一览表,常修饰可数名词的词或短语,常修饰不可数名词的词或短语,既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词或短语,each,every,several,few,a few,many,too many,a number of,many a/an,only a few,quite a few,little,a little,much,too much,a good/great deal of,a bit of,a small/large/huge amount of,some,any,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough,all the rest of,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（四）a few,a little,few,little,表示肯定，“有几个，有点”,表示否定，“没多少，很少”,后加名词,a few,few,可数名词,a little,little,不可数名词,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,each和every,“每一个”,each=every,She knows each student of the class.,她认识班级中的每个学生。,She knows every student of the class.,她认识班级中的所有学生。,Each of them doesnt smoke.,每个人都不吸烟。,every却只有形容词词性，,不可单独使用。,each作代词，与of连用,重于个体,强调整体,五、不定代词,some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（六）图解other系列不定代词,one（一个）,the other（另一个）,one（一个）,another（其余的任一个）,one（一个）,the others（其余的全部）,some（一些）,others（其余的一部分）,some（一些）,the others（其余的全部）,六、复合不定代词,指物,指人,everything,everyone，everybody,something,someone，somebody,anything,anyone，anybody,nothing,no one,nobody,六、复合不定代词,注：,1.这些词后一般都不可接of短语。,2.这些词一般没有词形变化，但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：Everyones life was in danger.,3.这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后置。,4.这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,5.在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是everybody，someone等
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