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,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Chemistry:,Introduction,Matter,Matter=any material substance with Mass&Volume,Matter,Solid,Liquid,Gas,comes in 3 phases,Solid,Definite Shape,Definite Volume,Liquid,Indefinite Shape,(takes the shape of the container),Definite Volume(can not be compressed),Gas,Indefinite Shape,(takes the shape of the container),Indefinite Volume,(can expand and be compressed),Elements,one of the 100+pure substances,that make up everything in the universe,All they are displayed in the,Periodic Table of the Elements,Examples of Elements,H,=Hydrogen,C,=Carbon,O,=Oxygen,N,=Nitrogen,S,=Sulfur,Na,=Sodium,Ca,=Calcium,K,=Potassium,I,=Iodine,Cl,=Chlorine,P,=Phosphorus,Note:The first letter has to be in Capital letter and the second in lower case,Atom:,the smallest particle making up elements,Sub-atomic Particles:,particles making up atoms,Protons p,+,-positive charge,in nucleus,Electrons-e,-,negative charge,orbiting nucleus,Neutrons n,0,no charge,in nucleus,Drawing an Atom of Carbon:,the way the elements are shown in the periodic table,C,12.011,6,Atomic Mass,Atomic#,minus Atomic#=#of n,0,=#of p,+,and#of e,-,Carbon has 6 p,+,and 6 e,-,Carbon has 6 n,0,Drawing an Atom of Carbon,6 p,+,6 n,0,e,-,e,-,e,-,e,-,e,-,e,-,Protons p,+,-positive charge,in nucleus,Neutrons n,0,no charge,in nucleus,Electrons-e,-,negative charge,orbiting nucleus,Compounds,Compounds:2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties,Properties,:The way a chemical substance looks and behaves,Compounds,Compounds:are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form,Molecules,H+O H,2,O =,H,O,H,Chemical formula,lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule,Structural formula,shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule,Molecules-,example,Glucose Sugar,C,6,H,12,O,6,Chemical formula,C,H,O,H,C,C,C,C,C,H,H,H,H,H,H,O,H,O,O,H,H,O,O,H,Structural formula,Compounds,Inorganic Compounds,or,Organic Compounds,usually dont contain Carbon,generally come from the earth,generally simple molecules,always contain C&H and usually O,N,sometimes S&P,originate in organisms,generally complex molecules,Examples of Inorganic Compounds,H+O,=H,2,O =,Water,H+Cl,=HCl =,Hydrochloric Acid,Na+Cl,=NaCl =,Common Table Salt,Examples of Organic Compounds,(according to the arragement of their atoms),C,H+O,Carbohydrates=Sugars,starches&cellulose,Lipids =Fats&Oils,C,H,O,N,&,sometimes,P+S,Proteins,C,H,O,N,+P,Nucleic Acids DNA&RNA,Examples of Organic Compounds,(according to the arragement of their atoms),NEUTRAL charge,molecules,are formed for specific combinations of atoms.,Molecules,Molar Mass:g/mol,Mol,If its referred to atom,it represents the mass of a mol,expressed in grams,If its referred to molecules,Molar mass is the sum of the molar mass of all the atoms that constitute the molecule,Is the basic unit in the International System of Units,and it allows measure the substances quantity,Molecules,Chemical Formulas,The Chemical Formula indicates the number of atoms of each type that constitute the molecules,Indicates the type of bonds and which is the order the atoms are linked inside the molecule,Structural Formula:,Ions,Cation,A cation is a ion with positive electric charge.This means with a“default of electrons,Salts are mainly constituted by anions and cations,Anion,An anion is a ion that has negative charge,has“excess of electrons,Ion,A ion is an atom or molecule with positive or negative electric charge.This is due to the excess or default of electrons.,Chemical equations-Reactions,2 elements,1 element and 1 compound,2 compounds,Possible reactants:,Chemical Reaction,Process where two or more substances(reactants)are converted in other substances(products),To form:,1 compound,More than one compound,Chemical equations-Reactions,Reactants,Products,Quantities,They show:,Chemical equations describe chemical reactions,Stoichiometry is the Quantitative study of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction,Limiting reactant,The reactant that is used totally in a chemical reaction is called:,Limiting reactant,The rest of reactants that are present in higher amount than the neccesary to react with the limiting reactant are called reactants in excess.,+,+,+,Functional groups,In organic chemistry,functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules,Functional groups,Alcohol,Amina,Functional groups,Carboxylic acid,Amida,Anhydride,O=C=O,ter,Functional groups,Halide,Aldehyde,ketone,
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