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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分,句子成分,1,句子主要成分,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。,The sun,rises in the east.（名词）,He,likes dancing.（代词）,Twenty years,is a short time in history.(数词),Seeing,is believing.（动名词）,To see,is to believe.（不定式）,What he needs,is a book.（主语从句）,It,is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,句子主要成分主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。,2,谓语（predicate)：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。情况（动作或状态），由动词或动词短语担任,有各种时态、语态、语气等形式变化,We,are Chinese,.,She,is in charge of,this.负责,He,is sleeping,now.（现在进行时）,English,is spoken,all over the world.,（被动语态）,If only I,could fly,!（虚拟语气）,谓语（predicate)：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。情况,3,宾语(object/o)：在及物动词之后，表示行为的对象或结果，同样由名词或相当名词的其他词（如代词、动名词、动词不定式等）短语或从句担任,1）动作的承受者-动宾,I like China.（名词）,He hates you.（代词）,How many do you need We need two.（数词）,We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）,I hope to see you again.（不定式）,Did you write down what he said（宾语从句）,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾,Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow,there are many rocks.,3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）,He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.,宾语(object/o)：在及物动词之后，表示行为的对象或结,4,定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词/代词，由形容词、或其他相当的词（如冠词、代词和数词等）、短语或从句担任,Ai Yanling is a,chemistry,teacher.（名词）,He is,our,friend.（代词）,We belong to the,third,world.（数词）,He was advised to teach the,lazy,boy a lesson.（形容词）,The man,over there,is my old friend.(副词),The woman,with a baby,in her arms,is my sister.(介词),The boys,playing football,are in Class 2.（现在分词）,The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）,I have an idea,to do it well,.（不定式）,You should do everything,that I do,.（定语从句）,定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词/代词，由形容词、,5,状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，由副词或其他相当的词、短语或从句担任,表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。,I will go,there tomorrow,.,The meeting will be held,in the meeting room,.,The meat went bad,because of the hot weather,.,He studies,hard,to learn English well,.,He didnt study hard,so that he failed in the exam,.,I like some of you,very much,.,If you study hard,you will pass the exam.,He goes to school,by bike,.,Though he is young,he can do it,well,.,状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容,6,Complement 补语，有两种，一个是主语补语，一个是宾语补语。主语补语就是补全主语的，宾语补语就是补全宾语的，可以用名词或形容词充当。He was elected,monitor,.他被选作班长。（monitor是主语he的补语。如果只说到elected，句子的意思就不完整的）I painted the bookcase,pink,.我把书架刷成了粉色。（pink是宾语补语，补充说明宾语bookcase的内容，使句子意思完整）,Complement 补语，有两种，一个是主语补语，一个是宾,7,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。,We elected him,monitor,.（名词）,We all think it,a pity,that she didnt come here.（名）,We will make them,happy,.（形容词）,We found nobody,in,.(副词),Please make yourself,at home,.(介词短语）,Dont let him,do that,.（省to不定式）,His father advised him,to teach the lazy boy a lesson,.,（带to不定式）,Dont keep the lights,burning,.（现在分词）,Ill have my bike,repaired,.（过去分词）,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。,8,表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。,He is,a teacher,.（名词）,Seventy-four!You dont look,it,.（代词）,Five and five is,ten,.（数词）,He is,asleep,.（形容词）,His father is,in,.（副词）,The picture is,on the wall,.(介词短语),My watch is gone missing lost.（形容词化的分词）,To wear a flower is to say“Im poor,I cant buy a ring.（不定式）,The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）,（常见的系动词有 be,sound（听起来）,look/seem/appear（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,get,turn,become,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）.,It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.,Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.,The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.,The door remains open.Now I feel tired.,表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的,9,小结,英语里的句子必须要有主语，只能用具备名词性质的单位才能充当，如名词、代词等，动词需变为不定式（即to/-ing),英语里的句子谓语必须是动词，而且一定需要有形式变化，时态并与主保持数的一致,及物动词(vt)才可以带宾语,小结英语里的句子必须要有主语，只能用具备名词性质的单位才能充,10,英语里句子的宾语同样只能用具备名词性质的单位才能充当，如名词、代词等，动词需变为不定式（即to/-ing),某些动词可以带有两个宾语，分直接和间接,为补充说明宾语的信息，可以有宾语补足语，由名词/形容词等充当,英语里句子的宾语同样只能用具备名词性质的单位才能充当，如名词,11,按照结构分：,简单句：只有一个,主谓结构,，而句子的各个成分仅用单词或短语表示（不管句子的长短）,Think more.,The past perfect tense is used:(1)to speak of an action concluded before a certain time in the past or before the time of the occurrence of another action(denoted by the Simple past Tense,(2)(3),按照结构分：,12,注意：有时，两个或以上的主语可以共用一个谓语，或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语，甚至两个主语和两个谓语，这些情况仍属于简单句。,The infinitive,the participles and the gerund,are the non-finites.（共用主语）,The boy,jumped,out bed,dressed,hurriedly and,ran,downstairs.（多个谓语）,The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer.（多个主谓、语）,注意：有时，两个或以上的主语可以共用一个谓语，或两个以上的谓,13,并列句:句子包含有两个以上非主从关系的主谓结构，互不依存，分句之间必须有,连词,。,The camera-work（拍摄）is perfect,and,the cast（表演）is good.,Honey（蜂蜜）is sweet,but,the bee stings（刺）.,Dont swear（骂人）,for,I dislike swearing.,We must redouble our efforts,or,well never be able to catch up with the others.,My friend is coming here tomorrow,so,you might as well come with her.,并列句:句子包含有两个以上非主从关系的主谓结构，互不依存，,14,复合句：句子包含有两个以上的主谓结构，其中一个为另一个中的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或同位语，主从句之间必须有,连词,。,What I want to emphasize,is this.(主语从句）,We should never pretend to know,what we dont know,.（宾语从句）,There is something in,what you said,.（介词宾语从句）,Thats exactly,what I am planning to do,.（表语从句）,We are looking forward to the day,when we will meet again,.（定语从句）,Turn off the light,be
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