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一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：1定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：The news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。【特别提醒】一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。2定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子：第一组：区分such.as.和such.that.(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such.as.；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such.that.。第二组：选用in which, where填空(1)He left the key _ he had been an hour before.(2)He left the place _ he lived for many years.分析：第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which，因为in which只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。二、that与what的区别that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“的东西或事情”。请比较：What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)精析名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“的东西或事情”就用what。三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：1Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)2Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)3Im not going to let you in, no matter who you are.Im not going to let you in, whoever you are.(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)【特别提醒】whever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoeveranyone who; whomeveranyone whom; whateveranything that; whicheveranything/anyone that; whoseverany one whose。Whichever he likes will be given to him.Anything that he likes will be given to him.无论他想要哪个都可以给他。You should give the book back to whosever name(anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。【方法技巧】做题时，具体思路如下：通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用；将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。高频考点一、考查宾语、表语从句例1. (2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.Awhomever BwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。【变式探究】(2017江苏) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。【感悟提升】1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的样子”： He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？(3)表示“的数量或数目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“时间”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，大概在那儿站了几个小时。 (5)表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。He doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。【变式探究】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。【变式探究】You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【解析】句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。【答案】where高频考点二、考查主语从句例2【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。【变式探究】Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。【变式探究】I truly believe _beauty comes from within.A. that B. where C. what D. why【答案】A【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。高频考点三、考查同位语从句例3. (2019江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwhere【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多的证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是evidence的同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用连接词that。【举一反三】The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B。【变式探究】After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.(2016南京、盐城高三一模，26)Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose 【答案】C 【解析】句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。【感悟提升】1判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句) 会议不得不推迟的通知是真的。The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)他刚才读的那则通知是真的。2在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。【变式探究】Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.【答案】why【解析】本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？”“是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据thats one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)。1. (2019江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwhere【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多的证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是evidence的同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用连接词that。1.【2018江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.zx.x.kA. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。2.【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。3.【2018北京】 Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。4.【2018北京】This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。1(2017江苏) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。2（2017江苏卷）He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was followingC. had been followed D. followed【答案】A 【解析】分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。 3（2017江苏）He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was followingC. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】根据句子成分可知，He和follow是被动关系，排除B、D。根据句意：在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪，用过去进行时最合适，答案选A。【2016北京】Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。【2016北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。【2016江苏】21.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【答案】D【解析】句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。【2016天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B。
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