名词 专题复习

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专,题一,名,词,考试要求：,1,区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词用法。,2,掌握不可数名词及其量的表达方式。,3,熟练运用名词复数规则、不规则变化。,4,熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。,专有名词,(,人名、地名,),普通名词,个体名词,pen ，doctor,集体名词,family、people,物质名词,coal、water,抽象名词,work、news,不可数名词,可数名词,名词,单,复,专有名词,(Proper Nouns):,表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。,、表示某一,特定,的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。,、表示,独一无二,的事物。,、前面一般,不加冠词,。,、首字母要,大写,。,表示日子的专有名词,表示地名的专有名词,D,ecember,十二月,S,pring,F,estival,春节,T,eachers,D,ay,教师节,A,sia,亚洲,C,hina,中国,B,eijing,北京,表示人的专有名词,表示机构的专有名词,Y,ao,M,ing,姚明,N,ewton,牛顿,B,eckham,贝克汉姆,the,U,nited,N,ations,联合国,T,singhua,U,niversity,清华大学,一）可数名词单数的表达,:,一般可用,a,，,an,，,one,来修饰,注,：,a,用于,辅音音素开头的单词前,an,用于元音音素开头的单词前,*,a,useful book,*,an,English book,名词的数,flower,flower,s,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factori,es,leaf - lea,ves,box,es,NOUN.,情况,加法,例词,一般情况,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词,以辅音,y,结尾的词,以辅音,+o,结尾的词,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词,加,-s,加,-es,去,y,加,-ies,多数加,-es,把,f/fe,改成,ves,Brothers;schools,Buses;watches;dishes,Ladies;countries;,Heroes; tomatoes,Halves; leaves;,二）可数名词复数的规则变法：,1.,一般情况下在词尾加,s.,词尾读音,shop - shop,s,(,商店,),在清辅音后读, s ,bag - bag,s,(,书包,),在浊辅音后读, z ,window - window,s,(,窗户,),在元音后读, z ,2.,以,s, x, sh, ch,结尾的单词在词尾加,es,class - classes (,班级,),词尾读音, iz ,box - boxes (,盒子,),match - matches (,比赛,),brush - brushes (,刷子,),3.,以“辅音,+y”,结尾的词， 变,y,为,i,加,es.,story - stor,ies,(,故事,),词尾读音, iz ,4.,以“元音字母,+y”,结尾的词，在词尾直接加,s,key - keys,词尾读音, z ,monkey - monkeys,5.,以 “,o”,结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“,s”,但个别加 “,es”,tomato - tomato,es,(,西红柿,),词尾读音, z ,potato - potato,es,(,土豆,),zoo - zoos (,动物园,),photo - photos (,照片,),*,（以 “,o”,结尾，复数加 “,es”,）口诀,：,黑人,(negro),英雄,(hero),爱吃西红柿,(tomato),和土豆,(potato),6.,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词，多数变,f,或,fe,为,ves.,leaf - lea,ves,(,树叶,),词尾读音, vz ,knife - knives (,小刀,),*,（以,f,或,fe,结尾的单词，需把,f,或,fe,变,ves,的单词）口诀：,妻子（,wife,）持刀（,knife,）去宰狼（,wolf,），小偷（,thief,）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（,shelf,）保己（,self,）命，半,(half),片树叶（,leaf,）遮目光,注：,有些以,f,结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加,s.,海湾,边,，屋顶,上，,首领奴仆,两相望；,谁说他们无,信仰,，,证据,写在,手帕,上。,gulf,海湾,roof,屋顶,chief,首领,serf,农奴,belief,信仰,proof,证据,handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,手帕,7.,不规则名词复数的变化,man - men (,男人,) woman - women (,女人,),tooth -teeth (,牙齿,) foot - feet (,脚,),goose-geese(,鹅,) child - children (,儿童,) mouse - mice(,老鼠,) louse-lice,（虱子）,Fish deer sheep,*,（不规则名词变复数）口诀：,男人，女人,a,变,e,；,鹅，足，牙,oo,变,ee,；,虱子老鼠也好记，,ous,变,ic,；,孩子加上,ren,，鱼鹿绵羊不用记,。,8.,单复数相同的情况：,sheep; deer; fish; works; Chinese;Japanese,以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。,Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu,只有复数形式的情况：,trousers, glasses,shoes, gloves,a pair of,9.,以,an,结尾或其他表示民族、国家的人,的名词变复数时在词尾加,s,。,如：,Australians,，,Italians,，,Germans,等。,注：中（,Chinese,）,日（,Japanese,）不变英（,Englishman-Englishmen,）法,(Frenchman-Frenchmen),变，其余,s,加后面,10.,复合名词的复数形式：,1.,词末,+-s,:,apple trees / boy students / girl players,2.,主体名词变为复数形式：,editor,s,-in-chief,3.,当名词和,man,woman,连用时，两个部分都变，,women doctors; men cooks,这种形式的第一个名词必须是,man,或,woman,不可数名词的计量法,1.,以“容器”计量,常用于装在容器的物质,a cup of coffee,一杯咖啡,three bowls of water,三碗水,a bottle of ink,一瓶墨水,two bags of rice,两袋大米,a box of biscuit,一盒饼干,不可数名词的计量法,2.,以“与物体形状有关的名词”计量,常用于固体物质,a loaf/piece of bread,一块面包,a slice/piece of cake,一块蛋糕,a piece of coal,一块煤,a bar of chocolate,一块巧克力,不可数名词的计量法,3.,以“重量单位”计量,a ton of water,一吨水,two kilos of rice,两公斤大米,three pounds of milk,三磅牛奶,不可数名词的计量法,4.,用“,piece/item”,计量,常用于与媒介物,宣传工具等有关的内容。,a piece/an item of news,一条新闻,a piece of advice,一条意见,a piece/an item of information,一份情报,a piece of work,一件工作,（福州）,-Im thirsty. May I have something to drink ?,-OK. Heres some _.,A. rice B. bread C. water,(,宁波,) -Excuse me, where can I exchange _ ?,-There is a bank on the second floor.,A. books B. food C. money D. stamps, Would you please pass me something to drink?, What about some _?,A. beefB. fish,C. juice D. bread,【,2012,广西玉林】,36. What is your favorite food?,I like _ best. I had a large bowl last night.,potato noodle B. potatoes noodles,C. potato noodles D. potatoes noodles,【,2012,贵州贵阳】,34. “What do we need for the salad?”,“We need two apples and three _.”,orange B. tomatoes C. broccoli,17. How many _ do we need to make,fruit salad?, Two should be enough.,A. cabbage B. potatoes C bananas D. lemon,The little baby has two _ already.,A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths,These _ have saved many childrens lives.,A. woman doctors B. women doctor,C. women doctors D. woman doctor,该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。,woman,作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。,- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.,- But I think we should let _ go out first.,A. woman and children B. women and child,C. woman and child D. women and children,Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?,A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day,C. Childrens Day D. Children Day,Could you please get me some _ ? Im hungry.,A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg,-You look so healthy.,-Yeah, I like eating apples. An apple a day,keeps the _ away .,A. teacher B. worker C. farmer D. doctor,The_ has two _ .,A. boys; watches B. boy; watch,C. boy; watches D. boys; watch,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：,Different people may have different _. (idea),2. I often go to work on,. (foot),3. I know one of the,. (boy),4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of,. (glass),5. Please give them their,. (photo),6. Are there any,in the box? (watch),7. There are twelve,in a year. (month),8. Would you like some,? (tomato),9. Look at those,in the boats! (people),10. Look! The,are singing. (woman),11. September 10th is,Day. (teacher),12. Jim has some,. (knife),13. How much are these,? (vegetable),14.,My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute),15. The girl under the tree is a friend of,_,. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,Mikes _ and _ are on the bed,（）,A,short,；,trouser B,short,；,trousers,C,shorts,；,trousers,（,2018,新疆）,Hurry up!Some _ and _ are on sale in the,supermarket.,（ ）,A,tomato,；,egg B,tomatoes,；,egg,C,Tomatoes,；,eggs D,tomato,；,eggs,（,2018,凉山州）,Many foreigners came to our school last week,，,including three _ and four _,（）,A,German,，,American B,Germans,American,C,Germans,Americans D,German,，,Americans,（,2014?,黔东南州）,Look!There are some on the farm,（）,A,chicken B,goose C,sheep D,cow,看例题识所有格,1. Beijing is the capital,of,China.,Beijing is China,s,capital.,2. This is Mary and her sister,s,bedroom.,Bob and Lucy,s,sister is a nurse.,3. These are Tom,s,and Lily,s,bags.,4. She is the two,boys,mother.,5. the door,of,the room,the leaves,of,the tree,6. the,girls,name=the name,of,the girl,7. He is a friend of my brother,s,.,的,NOUN.,Womens Day,（表示所属关系,意为“,的,”,）,名词所有格,+,s,of,双重所有格,名词所有格的构成法,1.,主要是在词尾加,s,构成。如,:This is Toms desk .,这是汤姆的书桌。,2.,如果原名词已经有复数词尾,s ,则仅加一个,.,如,:,the teachers reading room,教师阅览室,3.,如果原词是复数形式，但不是以,s,结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面 加上,s,。如：,the childrens palace,少年宫,*,名词所有格口诀：,名词所有格，,某物是,谁的,构成有方法, s,前面加一撇,复数,s,放在尾，后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇,属格,形式,应用场合,举例,用在表示有生命的名词后,Tom and Mikes room(,两人共有,),Toms and Mikes rooms(,两人分别所有,),用在时间名词后,todays,paper,s,属格,用在距离,长度名词后,twenty miles journey,用在地点名词后,Chinas industry,用在天体名词后,the earths surface,用在价格名词后,a dollars worth,of,属格,用在表无生命事物名词后,the door of our classroom,双重,属格,名词前有,a, some, any, few, no, several,等词修饰时,a friend of my brothers,several classmates of his,This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it,very much.,A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes,C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes,Our school is only_ walk from here.A. five-minute B. five minutes,C. five minutes D- five minutes,My,skirt is on the chair.,A. sisters B. sister C. sisters D. sisters,6.Whose shirt is this ? Its _ (,广东省历年中考题,),A. Wang Weis B. Wang Wei C. of Wang Wei,7. Wheres Mr Wang ? He has gone to the _.,A. doctor B. doctors C. doctors,8. There is little _ in the fridge .,A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. vegetable,9. Help yourself to _. Thanks .It tastes good.,A.some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken,10.Would you like some tea ? No, I had two _.,A. bottle of orange B.bottles of oranges,C. bottles of orange D. bottle of oranges,11. Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday,A. watches B. watchs C. watch,A,B,A,C,C,A,12. How many _ are there in the world ?,A. country B. countries C. countrys,13. My sister likes eating _,A.potato B. potatos C. potatoes,14. We took many _ when were travelling,A. photos B. photoes C. photo,15. When autumn comes, _ of trees turn yellow,A. leaf B. leaves C.leafs D.leave,16. We brush our _ every day.,A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths,17. There are _ in our shop .,A. woman workers B. women worker,C .women workers D. girls workers,B,C,A,B,C,C,18. _mothers made them have piano lessons,A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes,C. Peter and Annes D. Peters and Anne,19. Do you know the woman ? She is _aunt.,A. Lily an Lucy B. Lilys an Lucys,C. Lily an Lucys D. Lilys an Lucy,20. There _ some good news in todays newspaper,A. were B. are C. is D.have,21. There _ two pictures and a map of China,A. have B. has C. are D.is,22. Either Liming or I _ to help Mary .,A. likes B. am going C. is going D. going,23. Neither you nor your brother _ been to Beijing,A. have B. has C. is D.are,B,C,C,C,B,B,Sum up,What have you learnt this lesson?,Thank you!,