名词性从句课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Zhejiang Jiangnan,Science and Engineering College You,Shisen,Noun Clause,(,名词性从句 ),引导词,从属连词,连接代词,连接副词,that, whether, if (,是否),who, whose, what, which,whatever,whoever,when, where, why, how,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,词序,疑问词序,（,be,动词、助动词、情态动词放在主语前，疑问句就是采取疑问词序）,陈述词序,（,be,动词、助动词、情态动词放在主语后或省去助动词;从句陈述句要采用陈述词序,）,1.,Is he,a worker? Can you tell me,whether he is,a worker？2.,Does he get,up at 6? Tell me,whether he gets,up at 6. 3.,Did he study,abroad last year?4.,Whether he studied,abroad last year is known to us all. 5.,When will we,start? My question is,when we will,start. 6. Tell me,what you were,doing at that time yesterday.,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语,it,代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,What,或,how,引出的主语从句具有疑问意义，但必须采取陈述词序，,that,引出的具有陈述意义。,主语从句 (能分成两个简单句吗？）,1）That the sea covers about three-fourths of the earths surface is well known.,2）Which design is more practical is still a question.,3）What we call a hovercraft is a means of transport with neither wheels nor wings.,4）It is well known that the sea covers about three-fourths of the earths surface.,5）It is still a question which design is more practical.,1.,It,作形式主语,It,作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。,It is a pity that you,didn,t go to see the film.,It,doesn,t interest me whether you succeed or not.,2. 用,it,作形式主语的结构,(1),It is ,名词 从句,It is a fact that ,事实是,It is an honor that ,非常荣幸,It is common knowledge that ,是常识,(2),It is ,形容词 从句,It is natural that,很自然,It is strange that,奇怪的是,(3),It is ,不及物动词 从句,It seems that,似乎,It happened that,碰巧,It appears that,似乎,(4),It ,过去分词 从句,It is reported that,据报道,It has been proved that,已证实,It is said that,据说,3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：,（1）,if,引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。,（2）,It is said /reported,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：,It is said that President,Jiang,will visit our school next week.,That President,Jiang,will visit our school next week is said.,（3）It happens/occurs,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：,It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.,That he failed in the examination occurred to him.,（4）It,doesn,t matter how/whether ,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：,It,doesn,t matter whether he is wrong or not.,Whether he is wrong or not,doesn,t matter.,（5）,含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：,Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?,Is that will rain in the evening likely?,4.,what,与,that,在引导主语从句时的区别,what,引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而,that,则不然。,1),What you said yesterday is right.,2) That she is still alive is a surprise.,3) What I want to know is this.,4) That he can take good care of himself,is quite certain.,注意,由,What,引导的主语从句不能构成,It iswhat,的句式。如,It is right what he said.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1. 作动词的宾语,(1) 由,that,引导的宾语从句(,that,通常可以省略), 例如：,I heard that he joined the army.,(2),由,what, whether (if),引导的宾语从句，例如：,She did not know what had happened.,I wonder whether(if) you can change this note for me.,(3),动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：,She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介词的宾语,Our success depends upon whether the weather will be fine by that time.,3.,作形容词的宾语，,例如：,I am afraid (that) I,ve,made a mistake.,注意：,that,引导的从句常跟在形容词后作宾语：,anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content,等。,也可以将此类词后的,that,从句的看作原因状语从句。,4. 以下只用,whether,不用,if,(,介词后，,whether or not,中，主语从句中用,whether),1）It depends,on whether,we can get their cooperation.,2）Tell me,whether or not,you like the handbag.,3）,Whether,they,ll,join us,hasn,t been made clear.,将以下两个简单句改为一个带宾语从句的复合句。,1.,Which course is Mr. Jones teaching? Do you know?,2. How much is it? Can you tell me?,3. Where were you born? Please tell me.,Why was his secretary fired? No one knows.,When did she graduate from high school?,Dont you remember?,Whats her last name? Do you remember?,What color dress was she wearing? Do you remember?,将以下含,宾语,从句的复合句分成两简单句,1）,They tell me that the,maths,course is difficult.,2）I wonder whether (if) the fridge is large enough.,3）Please let me know when the telephone will be installed.,4）Oh,Tom, why you always do the opposite of what I tell you?,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。引导表语从句的,that,常可省略。另外，常用的还有,the reason is that,和,It is because,等结构。,1),The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.,2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.,3) My problem is how we can reduce pollution. 4) Our conclusion is that theres only enough water for two days.,5) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位语从句,1,. 同位语从句的功能,同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由,that,引导,前面名词通常有,conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, suggestion,等，有时也用,whether, what, when, where, why, how,等引导。,1),The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.,2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,1) There is no doubt that he will succeed.,2) My opinion that no action need be taken yet is shared by most of us here.,3) The fact that he has spoken to the press about this caused us a great deal of embarrassment.,4) I have no idea what time it is.,2.,同位语在句子中的位置,同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。,He got the news from Mary,that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的,that,既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的,that,是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,1),The news,that,he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（,他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）,（第一个,that,引导的是定语从句，,that,在从句中作宾语）,2),The news,that,Tom would go abroad is told by him.（,汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）,（同位语从句，,that,在句中不作任何成分）,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。,1.,What he wants,is a book.,2.It is so nice,that we can learn this grammar point together.,3.Im so glad,that I can make friends with you.,4.This is,why he did it.,5.Do you agree to the suggestion,that we (should) have a trip in,Tibet?,6.,That he wants a book,is certain.,7.I suggested just now,we (should) take part in this competition.,8.,Whether you like him or not,doesnt matter too much.,9.He doesnt know,whether you can sing it well.,10.The problem is,whether you can sing it well.,11.The problem,whether it is right or wrong,has not been decided.,12.Please tell me,who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,Choose the best answer:,1.what / that,a.,he said at the meeting surprised us.,b._ he spoke at the meeting surprised us.,2. if / whether,_you go or stay at home wont make any differences.,3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that,C. he, when D. that, for,4. no matter how/who/what/where/when,We are ready to do _ the country wants,us to do. A. what,B. which,C. no matter what D. whatever,What,That,Whether,B,D,5.,The,telephonist,asked,I wanted to speak to.,A.,which B. why C. who D. whose,6. Home is,your friends and family are.,A.,whom B. what C. when D. where,7.,he saw both surprised and frightened him.,A.,When B. That C. What D. Whom,8. The seriousness of his condition depends on,the fever began.,A.,what B. which C. who D. when,C,D,C,D,9.,It is not easy to decide,a report about unidentified flying objects is true or not.A.whether B. that C. if D. which10. He made the suggestion,they carry on their conversation in English.A.what B. how C. when D. that 11.It took three weeks to estimate,damage the explosion caused. A.,that B. what C. if D. where 12.Because of,scientists have done, the heavens have become a part of mans world.A.that B. what C. which D. if,A,D,B,B,13.,If you do your best it,doesn,t matter,people think of you.,A. what B. that C. which D. whose,14.,quality should come first is not very clear to every member in our factory.,A.,That B. What C. Which D. When,15. The main difficulty lies in the fact,we have nobody properly qualified for this work.,A. what B. that C. how D. whether,A,A,B,16.,On the moon objects weigh only one-sixth of,they weigh on the earth.,A.,which B. that C. what D. when,17. We have strong hope,he will soon be well enough.,A. when B. why C. whether D. that,C,D,Goodbye！,