资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,顾茅庐,一、新课引入,躬耕从未忘忧国，谁知热血在山林,凤兮凤兮思高举，世乱时危久沉吟,茅庐承三顾，促膝纵横论,半生遇知己，蛰人感兴深,有为歌,电视剧,三国演义,插曲,二、新课讲解,作者简介,罗贯中（约,1330,年约,1400,年）名本，字贯中，山西并州太原人，汉族，号湖海散人。他是元末明初著名小说家、戏曲家，是中国章回小说的鼻祖，代表作,三国演义,。,二、新课讲解,作品概述,三国演义,是我国第一部章回体长篇历史演义小说，小说以东汉末年到西晋建立期间的社会历史为背景，着重叙述魏、蜀、吴三国的兴衰过程，反映了东汉末年及三国时期政治腐败、生灵涂炭、农民起义、诸侯割据的社会现实。该书结构宏大，情节曲折，塑造了数以百计的人物形象，具有很高的艺术成就。,二、新课讲解,字词注音,拜谒（,y,） 殆（,d,i,） 愧赧（,nn,） 鄙（,b,）贱,箪（,dn,）食壶浆 顿开茅塞（,s,）,二、新课讲解,解释词语,拜谒：,傲慢：,疏懒：,愧赧：,思贤如渴：,拜访谒见。,懒散，懈怠。,看不起人，对人怠慢没有礼貌。,羞愧脸红。,比喻迫切地想延致有才德的人。,二、新课讲解,概括情节,刘备第三次来到隆中草庐，终于见到了诸葛亮，诸葛亮向刘备阐述了,“,天下三分,”,的形势。刘备请诸葛亮出山，拜诸葛亮为军师。,二、新课讲解,理清思路,1.,备不听劝阻，要三请亮。,2.,离草庐半里，下马步行。,3.,亮昼寝未起，备拱立阶下。,4.,亮醒来，整衣冠出迎。,5.,备请亮助己，亮不去。,6.,备以天下苍生劝亮。,7.,亮献计三分天下。,8.,备以诚意打动亮出山。,二、新课讲解,诸葛亮制定的策略是什么？,诸葛亮为刘备分析了当时的天下大势，认为夺取荆州，然后吞并益州，联合孙权，与曹操形成三分天下的鼎足之势是刘备应该走的道路。,二、新课讲解,隆中对策的依据是什么？,1.,天下的形势：曹操拥百万之众，挟天子而令诸侯,不可与争锋；孙权据有江东，已历三世，国险而民附，贤能为之用,可以为援而不可图。,2.,有利的地势：荆州用武之国，益州天府之土。,跨有荆益，保其岩阻。,3.,刘备的优势：帝室之胄，信义著四海，总揽英雄，思贤如渴。,二、新课讲解,确定霸业的具体措施是怎样的？,1.,做好准备：跨有荆益，保其岩阻，西和诸戎，南抚夷越，外结好孙权，内修政理。,2.,等待时机：天下有变。,3.,起兵出伐：命一上将将荆州之军以向宛洛，将军身率益州之众出于秦川。,三、归纳小结,小说通过刘备,“,三顾茅庐,”,，既表现了他为兴蜀汉大业而礼贤下士的宽宏气度和不耻下问、求贤若渴的精神，也展示了未出山便晓天下事的诸葛亮的雄才大略。,四、强化训练,2.,为什么最后分析益州？诸葛亮认为益州有哪些优越条件？,1.,荆州有哪些有利条件？诸葛亮是怎样暗示刘备的？,荆州的有利条件是物产丰富、地势险要、刘表无能。所以诸葛亮用反问句的方式来暗示刘备，含蓄而有分寸，巧妙地将荆州可取、勿失良机的信息传给了刘备。,由于荆州四通八达，为兵家必争之地，所以只能做外围，不能做主要的根据地，因此最后分析了益州。益州的有利条件是：地势险要，易守难攻；天然粮仓，条件优越；政权动摇，民心已失。因此有机可乘，并且益州可以作为可靠的根据地。,汤之盘铭曰：,“,苟日新，日日新，又日新。,”,（,礼记,大学,）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【,赏析,】,商汤王刻在盥洗盆上的箴言说：,“,如果每天能洗干净自己身上的污垢，那就应当天天清洗，这样一天一天地保持下去。,”,这句话以沐浴自新比喻道德日进，从勤于省身和动态的角度强调了及时反省和不断革新以加强思想革命化的问题。它展示的是一种革新的姿态，驱动人们弃旧图新。,20,创造宣言,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,1.,学习运用具体事例及理论论据批驳错误观点的方法。,（重点）,2.,体会文章的语言特色：大量排比句的运用及其作用。,（难点）,3.,领悟创造精神对个体发展以及社会进步的重要作用，做一个有创造力的人。,（重点）,作者名片,陶行知,(1891,1946),，安徽歙县人，教育家。他终身致力于中国教育的改造，探索中国人民教育的新路。他在实践中创立了,“,生活即教育,”“,教学做合一,”“,社会即学校,”,为中心的教育理论，被誉为,“,人民教育家,”,。,主要作品,有,中国教育改造,中国大众教育问题,等。,背景链接,创造宣言,是伟大的人民教育家陶行知先生所著。在这篇课文中，陶行知先生否定了,“,不能创造,”,的种种错误看法，提出了,“,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人,”,的观点。激励每一个人时时、处处要去创造。文章虽然写于,1943,年，但在改革开放、社会发展迅速的今天，我们学习这篇课文，仍然具有积极的现实意义。,生难字,中,伤（ ） 懒,惰,（ ）,遁,词（ ）,鲁,钝,（ ）,懦,夫（ ）,豢,养（ ）,灌溉,（ ） 繁,殖,（ ） 自,暴,自弃（ ）,预习测评,zhn,du,dn,dn,nu,hun,un i,zh,bo,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词语解释,诬陷别人使受损害。,比喻作文或说话时在关键地方加上精辟的语句，使内容更加生动传神。,因为理屈词穷而故意避开正题的话。,自己甘心落后，不求上进。,山和水都到了尽头，比喻无路可走陷入绝境。,根据词语的意思写出课文中的词语。,【,中伤,】,【,画龙点睛,】,【,遁词,】,【,自暴自弃,】,【,山穷水尽,】,自由朗读课文，理清文章的层次。,整体感知,第二部分（,2,4,）：,正面阐述教育者的创造在于创造出真善美的人及创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。,第一部分（,1,）：,开门见山，发出,“,让我们继续创造,”,的宣言。,第三部分（,5,12,）：,列举事例，批驳人们不愿创造的错误认识，阐述,“,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人,”,的观点，并发出不要轻视点滴的创造的号召。,第四部分（,13,、,14,）：,引用,“,东山樵夫,”,的故事，阐述失去创造力后的可悲下场。,第五部分,(15,、,16),：,发出呼吁,勇于创造。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课文解读,创造主未完成之工作，我们接过来，继续创造。,开篇点题，直接引出文章的论点,创造。,文章开头段有什么特点？,教育者不是造神，不是造石像，不是造爱人。他们所要创造的是真善美的活人。真善美的活人是我们的神，是我们的石像，是我们的爱人。,三个,“,不是,”,强调,“,教育者,”,创造的对象。,排比、比喻,：把,“,真善美的活人,”,比作,“,神,”,“,石像,”“,爱人,”,，说明教育者把他们看得十分神圣重要。,教育者的创造对象有哪些？,教师的成功是创造出值得自己崇拜的人，先生之最大的快乐，是创造出值得自己崇拜的学生。说得正确些，先生创造学生，学生也创造先生，学生先生合作而创造出值得彼此崇拜之活人。倘若创造出丑恶的活人，不但是所塑之像失败，亦是合作塑像者之失败。,“,教育者,”,中,“,先生,”,创造的实质是和学生一起创造出值得彼此崇拜之活人。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,教育者也要创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。活人的塑像和大理石的塑像有一点不同，刀法如果用得不对，可以万像同毁；刀法如果用得对，则一笔下去，画龙点睛。,教育者还应创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。,作者指出了人们不愿意创造的哪些借口？又分别列举了什么例子批驳？,有人说：环境太平凡了，不能创造。平凡无过于一张白纸，八大山人挥毫画他几笔，便成为一幅名贵的杰作。平凡也无过于一块石头，到了飞帝亚斯、米开朗基的手里可以成为不朽的塑像。,以八大山人、飞帝亚斯、米开朗基为例，批驳因环境平凡而不能创造的观点。,有人说：生活太单调了，不能创造。单调无过于坐监牢，但是就在监牢中，产生了,易经,之卦辞，产生了,正气歌,，,而竟在这里面，产生了平凡而伟大的平老静。,列举三个事实论据有力地批驳,“,生活太单调了，不能创造,”,这一观点，语势强烈。,有人说：年纪太小，不能创造，见着幼年研究生之名而哈哈大笑。但是当你把莫扎尔特、爱迪生及冲破父亲数学层层封锁之帕斯加尔的幼年研究生活翻给他看，他又只好哑口无言了。,以莫扎尔特、爱迪生、帕斯加尔为例，批驳人们因为年纪太小而拒绝创造的错误认识。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,有人说：我是太无能了，不能创造。但是鲁钝的曾参，传了孔子的道统；,蚕吃桑叶，尚能吐丝，难道我们天天吃白米饭，除造粪之外，便一无贡献吗？,以曾参、慧能为例，批驳人们因为自认为无能而拒绝创造的错误认识。,反问语气，批判讽刺意味十足。,有人说：山穷水尽，走投无路，陷入绝境，等死而已，不能创造。但是遭遇八十一难之玄奘，毕竟取得佛经；粮水断绝，众叛亲离之哥伦布，毕竟发现了美洲；冻饿病三重压迫下之莫扎尔特，毕竟写出了,安魂曲,。,以玄奘、哥伦布、莫扎尔特为例，批驳因陷入绝境而不能创造的错误观点。,文中哪句话直接表明了作者的观点？,所以，处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人，让我们至少走两步退一步，向着创造之路迈进吧。,排比、呼告：,运用批比手法，表明创造不分地点、时间与人，并发出向创造迈进的号召，激人奋进。,像屋檐水一样，一点一滴，滴穿阶沿石。点滴的创造固不如整体的创造，但不要轻视点滴的创造而不为，呆望着大创造从天而降。,类比：,拿点滴的创造与,“,水滴石穿,”,类比。,提出分论点。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,阅读课文第四部分，说说文章引用“东山樵夫”的故事表达了什么观点？,引用,“,东山樵夫,”,的故事，阐述失去创造力后的可悲下场，说明了缺乏创造力的人是可悲的。,创造之神！你回来呀！你所栽培的树苗是有了幻想，樵夫拿着雪亮的镰刀天天来，甚至常常来到树苗的美梦里。,创造之神！你回来呀！只有你回来，才能保证参天大树之长成。,语言极具感染力，号召人们发扬创造的精神。,文章最后一段引用罗丹的话有何作用？,引用罗丹的话，生发开来，进一步正面阐明人人能创造的观点，深化了课文的论证，使文章的中心论点更加鲜明突出，论证结构更加严密。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文章题为“创造宣言”，作者的宣言是什么？,只要有一滴汗，一滴血，一滴热情，便是创造之神所爱住的行宫，就能开创造之花，结创造之果，繁殖创造之森林。,1.,文章采用了哪种表达方式？结合课文加以分析。,叙议结合。记叙主要是文中摆出具体事例时所运用的表达方式；议论则是对事例进行分析或表达观点时采用的表达方式，如批驳了第二个错误观点后的简单总结，又如批驳了第五个错误观点后的分析。,深入探究,2.,分析文章所运用的修辞手法及其作用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,艺术特色,1.,举例论证，兼用排比。,作者在批驳五种,“,不能创造,”,的错误观点时运用了大量古今中外颇具影响力的人物事例，涉及图画、雕塑、文学、音乐、数学、物理、地理等各个领域，例证富有典型性，而且在驳斥每个错误观点时，都用了两个以上的事例，证据充分。在列举事,事例时，作者运用了大量的排比句，或肯定人物事业上的巨大成就，或赞叹人物经历的非凡，从不同角度反驳错误观点，使论证内容充实、丰富，增强了论证效果，也充分体现了,“,宣言,”,的特点。引例丰富，例证生动，使文章极具教育性。,2.,有驳有立，思路清晰。,作者首先用不同的人创造不同的崇拜者引出,“,教育者要创造真善美的活人,”,，然后从外部环境和主观因素两方面批驳了五种错误观点。首先列举了,“,环境太平凡,”“,生活太单调,”,这两个不能创造的借口，有针对性地提出了,“,我们是要在平凡上造,出不平凡；在单调上选出不单调,”,的主张；接着，作者又针对,“,年纪太小,”“,太无能,”,，,“,山穷水尽、陷入绝境,”,这三个不能创造的原因，一一进行批驳，而后明确了,“,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人,”,的观点。最后引用罗丹的话，发出了,“,只要有一滴汗，一滴血，一滴热情，便是创造之神所爱住的行宫，就能开创造之花，结创造之果，繁殖创造之森林,”,的创造宣言。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结构梳理,创造宣言,什么是创造,美术家,造石像,教育者,创造真善美的人、理论、技术,对创造的看法,不能创造（错误）,环境平凡、生活单调,年纪太小、能力不足,陷入绝境,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人（正确）,如何创造,：拥有创造意识，从点滴做起,发出呼吁,勇于创造,拓展迁移,陶行知的教育名言,教育为公以达天下为公。,陶行知,我们发现了儿童有创造力，认识了儿童有创造力，就须进一步把儿童的创造力解放出来。,陶行知,在教师手里操着幼年人的命运，便操着民族和人类的命运。,陶行知,课后作业,1.,搜集阅读陶行知的相关故事，积累素材。,2.,积累有关创造的名言警句。,声 明,本文件仅用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本司及相关权利人的合法权利。,除此以外，将本文件任何内容用于其他用途时，应获得授权，如发现未经授权用于商业或盈利用途将追加侵权者的法律责任。,武汉天成贵龙文化传播有限公司,湖北山河律师事务所,汤之盘铭曰：,“,苟日新，日日新，又日新。,”,（,礼记,大学,）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【,赏析,】,商汤王刻在盥洗盆上的箴言说：,“,如果每天能洗干净自己身上的污垢，那就应当天天清洗，这样一天一天地保持下去。,”,这句话以沐浴自新比喻道德日进，从勤于省身和动态的角度强调了及时反省和不断革新以加强思想革命化的问题。它展示的是一种革新的姿态，驱动人们弃旧图新。,20,创造宣言,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,1.,学习运用具体事例及理论论据批驳错误观点的方法。,（重点）,2.,体会文章的语言特色：大量排比句的运用及其作用。,（难点）,3.,领悟创造精神对个体发展以及社会进步的重要作用，做一个有创造力的人。,（重点）,作者名片,陶行知,(1891,1946),，安徽歙县人，教育家。他终身致力于中国教育的改造，探索中国人民教育的新路。他在实践中创立了,“,生活即教育,”“,教学做合一,”“,社会即学校,”,为中心的教育理论，被誉为,“,人民教育家,”,。,主要作品,有,中国教育改造,中国大众教育问题,等。,背景链接,创造宣言,是伟大的人民教育家陶行知先生所著。在这篇课文中，陶行知先生否定了,“,不能创造,”,的种种错误看法，提出了,“,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人,”,的观点。激励每一个人时时、处处要去创造。文章虽然写于,1943,年，但在改革开放、社会发展迅速的今天，我们学习这篇课文，仍然具有积极的现实意义。,生难字,中,伤（ ） 懒,惰,（ ）,遁,词（ ）,鲁,钝,（ ）,懦,夫（ ）,豢,养（ ）,灌溉,（ ） 繁,殖,（ ） 自,暴,自弃（ ）,预习测评,zhn,du,dn,dn,nu,hun,un i,zh,bo,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词语解释,诬陷别人使受损害。,比喻作文或说话时在关键地方加上精辟的语句，使内容更加生动传神。,因为理屈词穷而故意避开正题的话。,自己甘心落后，不求上进。,山和水都到了尽头，比喻无路可走陷入绝境。,根据词语的意思写出课文中的词语。,【,中伤,】,【,画龙点睛,】,【,遁词,】,【,自暴自弃,】,【,山穷水尽,】,自由朗读课文，理清文章的层次。,整体感知,第二部分（,2,4,）：,正面阐述教育者的创造在于创造出真善美的人及创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。,第一部分（,1,）：,开门见山，发出,“,让我们继续创造,”,的宣言。,第三部分（,5,12,）：,列举事例，批驳人们不愿创造的错误认识，阐述,“,处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人,”,的观点，并发出不要轻视点滴的创造的号召。,第四部分（,13,、,14,）：,引用,“,东山樵夫,”,的故事，阐述失去创造力后的可悲下场。,第五部分,(15,、,16),：,发出呼吁,勇于创造。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课文解读,创造主未完成之工作，我们接过来，继续创造。,开篇点题，直接引出文章的论点,创造。,文章开头段有什么特点？,教育者不是造神，不是造石像，不是造爱人。他们所要创造的是真善美的活人。真善美的活人是我们的神，是我们的石像，是我们的爱人。,三个,“,不是,”,强调,“,教育者,”,创造的对象。,排比、比喻,：把,“,真善美的活人,”,比作,“,神,”,“,石像,”“,爱人,”,，说明教育者把他们看得十分神圣重要。,教育者的创造对象有哪些？,教师的成功是创造出值得自己崇拜的人，先生之最大的快乐，是创造出值得自己崇拜的学生。说得正确些，先生创造学生，学生也创造先生，学生先生合作而创造出值得彼此崇拜之活人。倘若创造出丑恶的活人，不但是所塑之像失败，亦是合作塑像者之失败。,“,教育者,”,中,“,先生,”,创造的实质是和学生一起创造出值得彼此崇拜之活人。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,教育者也要创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。活人的塑像和大理石的塑像有一点不同，刀法如果用得不对，可以万像同毁；刀法如果用得对，则一笔下去，画龙点睛。,教育者还应创造值得自己崇拜之创造理论和创造技术。,作者指出了人们不愿意创造的哪些借口？又分别列举了什么例子批驳？,有人说：环境太平凡了，不能创造。平凡无过于一张白纸，八大山人挥毫画他几笔，便成为一幅名贵的杰作。平凡也无过于一块石头，到了飞帝亚斯、米开朗基的手里可以成为不朽的塑像。,以八大山人、飞帝亚斯、米开朗基为例，批驳因环境平凡而不能创造的观点。,有人说：生活太单调了，不能创造。单调无过于坐监牢，但是就在监牢中，产生了,易经,之卦辞，产生了,正气歌,，,而竟在这里面，产生了平凡而伟大的平老静。,列举三个事实论据有力地批驳,“,生活太单调了，不能创造,”,这一观点，语势强烈。,有人说：年纪太小，不能创造，见着幼年研究生之名而哈哈大笑。但是当你把莫扎尔特、爱迪生及冲破父亲数学层层封锁之帕斯加尔的幼年研究生活翻给他看，他又只好哑口无言了。,以莫扎尔特、爱迪生、帕斯加尔为例，批驳人们因为年纪太小而拒绝创造的错误认识。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,有人说：我是太无能了，不能创造。但是鲁钝的曾参，传了孔子的道统；,蚕吃桑叶，尚能吐丝，难道我们天天吃白米饭，除造粪之外，便一无贡献吗？,以曾参、慧能为例，批驳人们因为自认为无能而拒绝创造的错误认识。,反问语气，批判讽刺意味十足。,有人说：山穷水尽，走投无路，陷入绝境，等死而已，不能创造。但是遭遇八十一难之玄奘，毕竟取得佛经；粮水断绝，众叛亲离之哥伦布，毕竟发现了美洲；冻饿病三重压迫下之莫扎尔特，毕竟写出了,安魂曲,。,以玄奘、哥伦布、莫扎尔特为例，批驳因陷入绝境而不能创造的错误观点。,文中哪句话直接表明了作者的观点？,所以，处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，人人是创造之人，让我们至少走两步退一步，向着创造之路迈进吧。,排比、呼告：,运用批比手法，表明创造不分地点、时间与人，并发出向创造迈进的号召，激人奋进。,像屋檐水一样，一点一滴，滴穿阶沿石。点滴的创造固不如整体的创造，但不要轻视点滴的创造而不为，呆望着大创造从天而降。,类比：,拿点滴的创造与,“,水滴石穿,”,类比。,提出分论点。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,阅读课文第四部分，说说文章引用“东山樵夫”的故事表达了什么观点？,引用,“,东山樵夫,”,的故事，阐述失去创造力后的可悲下场，说明了缺乏创造力的人是可悲的。,创造之神！你回来呀！你所栽培的树苗是有了幻想，樵夫拿着雪亮的镰刀天天来，甚至常常来到树苗的美梦里。,创造之神！你回来呀！只有你回来，才能保证参天大树之长成。,语言极具感染力，号召人们发扬创造的精神。,文章最后一段引用罗丹的话有何作用？,引用罗丹的话，生发开来，进一步正面阐明人人能创造的观点，深化了课文的论证，使文章的中心论点更加鲜明突出，论证结构更加严密。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文章题为“创造宣言”，作者的宣言是什么？,只要有一滴汗，一滴血，一滴热情，便是创造之神所爱住的行宫，就能开创造之花，结创造之果，繁殖创造之森林。,1.,文章采用了哪种表达方式？结合课文加以分析。,叙议结合。记叙主要是文中摆出具体事例时所运用的表达方式；议论则是对事例进行分析或表达观点时采用的表达方式，如批驳了第二个错误观点后的简单总结，又如批驳了第五个错误观点后的分析。,深入探究,2.,分析文章所运用的修辞手法及其作用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
展开阅读全文