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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Present participle,一、分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致：,Look at the following sentences and tell me,the form of the underlined verb:,1,）,.,Hearing,the news, he burst out laughter.,（时间）,2,）,.,Not knowing,the address, I cant get in toutch,with her.,（原因）,3,）,.He came,running,.,（伴随）,4,）,.Her husband died,leaving,her 4 children.,（结果）,5,）,.He sat there,reading,a book.,（伴随）,6,）,.,Working,hard, you ll succeed.,（条件）,7,）,.,Having finished,his homework, he went out for,a walk.(,时间）,总结：,1.,分词位置 ：位于主句 之前：时间，条件，原因，让步,之后：方式，伴随，结果,2.,现在分词时态与语态,：,一般式 完成式,(,只作状语）,主动,v-ing having v-ed,被动,being v-ed having been v-ed,注：现在分词一般式表示，分词动作与主句动作同时发生,如：上,1,、,3,、,5,现在分词完成式表示，分词动作发生在主句动作之前如：,7,3,：区别：以下三种都可表达被动但是有分别,being v-ed:,此动作与主句动作同事发生,to be v-ed:,此动作将要发生,v-ed :,此动作已完成,e.g.The problem,being discussed,now is very important,for us.,The problem,to be discussed,next week is very important,for us.,The problem,discussed,last week is very important for us.,Having been used for many years, the machine needs,repairing .,4.,如下连词可与分词连用作状语：,1,）时间状语,When/while/after/before v-ing,e.g Be careful when (you are) crossing the road.,After finishing his homework, he went to watch Tv.,2,）让步状语：,Althogh/Though,e.g Though working hard, he couldnt succeed.,3,）结果状语：,only to do,（意外）,thus doing,（顺其自然）,二、当分词主语与句子主语不一致时：,1.v-ing,分 词：作状语其逻辑主语用,主格,动名词：作主，宾等其逻辑主语用,形容词性物主代词,e.g His coming late made the teacher angry.,He being absent from the meeting, we felt unhappy.,2.,独立主格：,现在分词,/,过去分词,名词,/,代词,+,形容词,/,副词,介词短语,e.g The signal given, the train left out.,Wether permitting, well go out for a walk.,Homework finished, he went out.,book in hand.,He came into the room, a book in his hand.,with a book in his hand.,Her head leading on the tree, she stood there,.,3.,特殊形式：,generally /frankly/ speaking,judging by/from,to start/begain with,to make matter worse,三、判断分词的方法：主要找准分词与其逻辑主语的关系,1.,分词作状语：当其逻辑主语与句子主语一致时，看分词与句子主语的关系；,当其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，看分词与自己逻辑主语的关系。,主动：,v-ing,被动：,v-ed,将来：,to do/to be done,2.,作宾补：同,1,3.,分词作定语：则看其与限定的词的关系,正在发生的,:being v-ed,已完成的：要发生的：,to be v-ed,如,3,例,四、分词与不定式的的否定：在其前直接加,not,e.g,1.Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,A.invited,B. inviting,C. being invited,D. having invited,2._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up,the river.,A. Suffering B. Having suffered,C. To suffer,D. Suffered 3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ by the hour. A. pay,B. paying C. paid D. to pay,4.Things _never come again!,A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost,5. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _the desert.,A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover,6. Dont sit there _nothing, come and help me with this table.,A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing,7.My cousin came to see me from the country,_me a full basket of fresh,fruuits.,A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought,A,B,C,C,B,A,A,C,B,8.Victor apologized for _to inform me of the change of the plan.,A.his being no able B.his not being able,C.him not to be able D.him to be not able,9.Seeing the road_with snow, we had to spend the holiday at home,watching TV.,A.blocking B.to block C.blocked D.to be blocked,10.Having taken our seats,_.,A.the professor began the lecture B.the lecture began in no time,C.we were attracted by the lecture immediately,D.the bell announced the beginning of the lecture,B,C,
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