综英3 Unit6

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Unit 6,How to Write a Rotton,Poem with Almost No Effort,Background Knowledge,Pre-reading questions,Structural,analysis of the Text,Questions for comprehension,Language points,Translation,writing practice,Pre-reading questions,Do you like reading poems?,Have,you ever tried to write a,poem?,If YES, do you think it is difficult to write a poem? Where does the difficulty die?,What kind of poem can be called a good poem? How can we write a good poem?,Language points,1.,pound,: strike or hit heavily and repeatedly,Pounding on the door, she shouted at the top pf her voice.,She slipped out of the office with the stolen secret file in the handbag, her heart pounding severely.,2.,m,iddle ground,: an area of compromise between two extreme positions,Each party wants to capture the votes of those perceived as occupying the middle ground.,In the argument everyone has to take sides; there is no middle ground.,3.,cuddle,: hold close in ones arms as a way of showing love or affection,He cuddles the baby close.,What do you think of some youngsters cuddling each other in public places, paying no attention to those who pass by?,PDA- public display of affection,4.,incidentally,: by the way,incidentally, it was many months before the whole truth was discovered.,Structural analysis of the Text,Part 1:Paragraph 1-3: introduction,It tells about,the problem,with poetry and the significance of its,solution,.,Part 2:Paragraph 4-9: body,It introduces,how,people can create a poem of their own.,Part 3:Paragraph 10-12: ending,The writer,reiterates his intention,and makes it clear that he is,joking,by presenting such a method of creating a poem.,Questions for comprehension,1.,1.,W,hat does the writer think is the problem with poetry?,2.,W,hat is the solution to this problem suggested by the author?,3.,H,ow does the author justify his solution?,paraphrase,A,s a result, serious poets,either,starve,or,work as account executives. p2.,I,f anyone takes writing poetry as a serious job, he would starve for he would find no place to sell his creations.,S,o he can only take a profitable job to earn his bread.,Questions for comprehension,2.,1.,W,hat is your comment on the writers method of creating a poem?,2.,W,hat is your impression of the poem created according to the method suggested by the writer?,1.,W,hat is your comment on the writers method of creating a poem?,T,he writer adopts a,mocking tone,in presenting his method.,B,y doing so, he is not only telling people how to create a poem of their own, but also pointing out some,common shortcomings of modern poems.,2. What is your impression of the poem created according to the method suggested by the writer?,S,uch a poem does bear some distinctive features of ordinary modern poems and may pass for quite a presentable one.,Questions for comprehension,3.,1.,W,hat is the real intention of the writer in presenting such a method of creating a poem?,2.,W,hat is the purpose of the last paragraph?,1. What is the real intention of the writer in presenting such a method of creating a poem?,B,y introducing such a method of creating a “rotten” poem, the writer is acturally,encouraging people to start their journey to the appreciation of poetry,and to acquire a more intimate feeling toward poetry.,Rod McKuen,was one of the best-selling poets in America during the late 60s, and also achieved considerable success as a songwriter,soundtrack,composer, and singer.,McKuen,s recordings alternated between poetic,pop,songs and,spoken word,readings of his verse, and his more serious composition work earned him two Oscar nominations and one Pulitzer nomination. Additionally, his translations helped bring the work of legendary French songwriter,Ive Saved The Summer,我将夏季珍藏,by - Rod Mckuen,Ive saved the sunmmer,And I give it all to you,To hold on winter mornings,When the snow is new., Goldsboro, Goldsboros career has been a remarkable evolution. This multi-talented performer started out in the early sixties as a guitarist with the legendary Roy Orbison. During his three years with Orbison he traveled all over the world and even toured with The Beatles. In 1964 Bobby started his solo career by recording the first of a string of sixteen top-forty hits, “See the Funny Little Clown.” One of his first concert bookings had him opening for the Rolling Stones on their first U.S. tour! More million-selling hits followed, setting the stage for 1968 and the classic, “Honey,” which became the largest-selling record in the world! “Watching Scotty Grow,” “Little Green Apples” and “With Pen in Hand” have also become classics. 1973 brought Bobby his own nationally syndicated television show, which ran for three successful seasons and became the highest rated variety show in syndication in the 70s. His quick wit made him a much sought-after “regular” on the tv talk show circuit as well.,American folk singer,John Denver,was an artist in the most genuine sense of the word he used his craft to change the world. A songwriter, performer, actor, environmentalist and humanitarian, Denver was not only one of the most beloved entertainers of the 1970s but a leading advocate of global causes until his tragic death in 1997. Songs such as Take Me Home, Country Roads and Sunshine on My Shoulders garnered him critical acclaim while simultaneously catapulting his gentle message towards the earth, peace, and compassion to the masses. It was this ardent and steadfast love of nature that came to identify,John Denver,as The Poet for the Planet. Earning three American Music Award honors and two posthumous Grammys, Denver was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1996.,约翰,丹佛是美国老牌的乡村歌手，“乡村音乐的代名词”，其唱片曾获,24,次金唱片奖及,4,次白金唱片奖。在美国乡村音乐史上，其地位无人可敌。约翰,丹佛在,1976,年建立了,Windstar,基金会，这是一个非盈利的环境教育和研究组织，为了世界的未来发展而贡献着。丹佛的音乐反映了作为一个以天下为己任的，一个为了提高所有人的生活质量,环境，社会和政治,而努力的人的良心。, Denver,约翰丹佛,take me home country road,T,ranslaton exercises:,1. Sometimes, we have to make a choice because there is no,middle ground,.,2. He often,conjured up,visions of the past when he,was free from,the pressures of life.,3. He often,refreshed himself with,a cup of strong black coffee when he felt fatigued.,4. He,thrust,past,a throng of,drunken men and bargaining women and walked through the,flaring,streets.,5. Experienced translators, though lacking in theory, can render one language into another,by rule of thumb,.,6. It was generally believed the major purpose of the foreign ministers trip was to,break the ice with,regards to the relations between the two countries.,7. Reading good books and making friends with good people can,elevate,the mind.,8. The flowers and the colorful lights,lent,a festive atmosphere to this ancient small town.,Writing Strategies,How to write a narrative essay?,Sample: a narrative essay: Learning to Swim,T,ask: write a narrative essay on the basis of an experience.,The Opposing Forces of Love in My Life,Like the majority of the children, the opposing forces of love accompany my growth.,There is no doubt that mothers love is the most selfless one in the world. Mother usually treats their children as a part of themselves. In my memory, mother never reproaches me or rebukes me, says nothing of beat. Each time when I make some mistakes, mother will forgive me soon and tell me not to do that with a smile. Even when I make a blunder, mother reprimands me . she will use some instructive stories to help me make a clear distinction between right and wrong.,At one time, I burned a hole in her favorite skirt with incaution. I dared no to tell the truth to my mother. When mother found it,，,she told me a story of Washington cut down the cherry trees,，,winch his father liked best,，,and how he took courage to admit his mistakes After listening to this story,，,I felt very ashamed,，,and told my mother the truth tat it was I who burned her skirt. Unexpectedly, mother didnt blame me for doing that instead she praised me for admitting my mistakes on my own. From then on,，,I realized the importance of honesty and never made the same mistake. I enjoyed my mothers unconditional,，,gentle and tender love.,In contrast to my loving mother, my father is a rather rational person. He is discreet in speech and manner. Unlike my mother, he seldom speaks highly of me. I have been eager to know why my father isnt satisfied with me. Each time when I was awarded as “ three excellences” student or granted with scholarships. my mother poured out her welcome praises, he just asked me not to be proud and pointed out my shortcomings. his reaction made me frustrated. My father is very responsible for his work. .He often works late at night, and he tries his best to accomplish his job. From him, I learn that I should be responsible for my job and take the things seriously.,I need the mother force, the loving force which encourage me when I face up with difficulties and challenges and from which my inspiration of creation comes; and yet mothers love is not incomplete, without the father force to temper my rampant self-conceit with his hard-headed and realistic appraisal of myself. What I should do now is to navigate my own craft and follow the right course.,H,ow to scan a poem,？,Mothers Love,There is no love, like a mothers love,no stronger bond on earth.,like the precious bond that comes from God,to a mother, when she gives birth.,A mothers love is forever strong,never changing for all time.and when her children need her most,a mothers love will shine.,God bless these special mothers,God bless them every one.for all the tears and heartache,and for the special work theyve done.,When her days on earth are over,a mothers love lives on.through many generations,with Gods blessings on each one.,Be thankful for our mothers,for they love with a higher love.from the power God has given,and the strength from up above.,诗的格律,“格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“”或“”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“,”,标示，音步之间可用“”隔开。以下是五种常见格式：,1, 抑扬格（轻重格）,Iambus,最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。,As fair / art thou / my bon/,nie,lass,So deep / in,luve,/ am I :And I / will,luve,/ thee still,/ my dear,Till a / the seas / gang dry:Robert Burns(1759-1796): My,Luve,Is like a Red, Red Rose,注；,art=are,luve,=love bonnie=beautiful a=all gang=go,上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：,（）,/,2,扬抑格（重轻格）,Trochee,每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：,Tyger,!/,Tyger,!/ burning / brightIn the / forests / of the / night -William Blake: The,Tyger,3, 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）,Anapaestic,foot,每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格,Like a child / from the womb,Like a ghost / from the tomb,I arise / and,unbuild,/ it again,4, 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）,Dactylic foot,每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格,Touch her not / scornfully,Think of her / mournfully.- Thomas Hood,5, 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）,Amphibrach,每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格,下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。,O hush thee / my ,babie,/ thy sire was / a knight.,在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。,诗的押韵,押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。,1.,尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。,1,）联韵：,aabb,型。,I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth, I knew not where;For, so swiftly it flew, the sightCould not follow it in its flight. -Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song,2,） 交叉韵：,abab,型。,Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea, -Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar,3),同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。如下例就共用,i:p,为韵脚。,The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.-Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,2, 头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用,f,、,b,与,s,头韵，生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。,The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow(,痕迹）,followed free,We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea.-T.S. Coleridge: Rime,（白霜）,of the,Acient,Mariner,3,内韵（同元音）：指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。下面一节诗中,i,及,i,重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。,Spring, the sweet spring, is the years pleasant king;Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold,dath,not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo, jug-jug,pu,-we, to-,witta,-woo!-Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring,诗的体式,有的诗分成几节（,stanza,），每节由若干诗行组成（每行诗均以大写字母开头）；有的诗则不分节。目前常见的英文诗体有：,1, 十四行诗,(Sonnet),，源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（,Petrarch,）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用,abba,abba,cdcdcd,(,cdecde,),。前八行提问，后六行回答。,后来，怀亚特（,Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542,）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞（,EdmundSpenser,1552-1599,）用韵脚,abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee,。莎士比亚（,William Shakespeare,1564-1616,）用韵脚,abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,，称英国式或莎士比亚式。,2, 打油诗（,Limericks,）：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为,aabba,，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。,3, 无韵体（,Blank Verse,）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。,4, 自由诗（,Free Verse,）,:,现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人,Walt Whitman,的,（,Leaves of Grass,）中，就采用此格式,诗的评判,That Time of Year,That time of year thou,mayst,in me beholdWhen yellow,leaves,or,none,or,few, do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the cold,Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang,In me thou,seest,the twilight of such dayAs after sunset,fadeth,in the west,When by and by black night doth take away,Deaths second self, that seals up all in rest.In me thou,seest,the glowing of such fire,That on the ashes of his youth doth lie.As the deathbed whereon it must expire,Consumed with that which it was nourished by.This you,perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,To love that well which thou must leave ere long.,Notes:,mayst,: maybehold: seelate: no long agothou: you,seest,: see,fadeth,: fadesdoth: doesseals up all at rest:,彻底埋葬,thy: your,perceivest,: perceive ere long: before long,此诗是莎士比亚（,William Shakespeare, 1564-1616,）的一首十四行诗。作为英国文学巨匠，他以,37,部剧作和,154,首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。,此诗为五音步抑扬格，每个诗行格律为：,。全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。前十二行：通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零，曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛，联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方，被黑夜吞没；自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息，被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。其中,choirs,（歌坛），,deathbed,（灵床）使用暗喻手法，同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死亡。最后两行：点题，人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。,诗的评判,Shall I Compare Thee to a summers Day,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance , or natures changing course, untrimmed:,能否把你比作夏日璀璨？你却比夏日更可爱温存；狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍，夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。 苍天明眸（,1,）有时过于灼热，金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳；一切优美形象不免褪色，（,2,）偶然摧折或自然地老去,But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou,owest,;Nor shall death brag thou,wanderest,in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou,growest,.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢，秀雅风姿将永远翩翩；（,4,）死神无法逼你气息奄奄，你将永生于不朽诗篇。只要人能呼吸眼不盲，这诗和你将千秋流芳。（,1,）指太阳。（,2,）原句中第一个,fair,是普通名词，指具体的美的形象，第二个,fair,是抽象名词，指美貌、优美等。（,3,）原句中,untrimmed,原意为“剥掉（美观的衣服等）”，此处隐喻“夺去（美貌等）”。（,4,）原句的,owest,等于现代英语的,own,，意为“所有”或“拥有”。,Thank you,