英语中的否定 讲义

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语中的否定,一英语中常见的否定现象,1.,部分否定,代词或副词如,all, both , every, everybody, every day, everyone, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often,等与,not,搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”等。,I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _(97NMET),A. everything B. anything,C. something D. nothing,2.,全部否定,英语中表示全部否定常用,no, not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never,等。,a. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _money on us. (91MET),A. all; no B. any; no,C. none; any D. no one; any,b. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _ of them answered it. (2005,福建,) A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody,3.,半否定,表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的半否定副词有：,hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, only, little, few,等。,a. You and I could hardly work together, _? (2009,湖南,),A. could you B. couldnt I,C. couldnt we D. could we,b. Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _?,（,2009,上海）,A. hasnt she B. has she,C. isnt she D. is she,4.,双重否定,双重否定是指同一个句子中出现两个否定词，即否定之否定。双重否定句表示的意思时肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。,Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.,（,2008,山东）,A. can manageB. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed,5.,否定转移,否定转移是指将,think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine,等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。,I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (2001,上海,),A,do I B. dont I,C. will they D. wont they,二通过特定词汇构成的否定。,1.,形容词（短语）,常见有：,far from (,一点也不,), free from (,不受,影响,),，,safe from (,免于,), short of (,缺少,), ignorant of (,不知道,), independent of (,不受,的支配,), impatient of (,对,不耐烦,), blind to (,看不见,), absent from, different from, reluctant to , dead to (,对,没反应,),The art show was _being a failure; it was a great success. (2009,天津,),A. far from B. along with,C. next to D. regardless of,2.,副词,(,短语,),常见的有：,much less(,更不应说,), still less(,更不应说,), let alone (,更不应说,), not at all, not in the least, not a bit (= not at all),注意与,not a little (= very),的区别。,Shes too shy to ask a stranger the time,_,speak to a room full of people.,A. still less B. less than,C. no less than D. more less,3.,介词,(,短语,),常见的有：,past (,超过,),，,above (,超出,之外,), without , beyond, but for(,要不是,) , instead of, in vain (,徒劳,), in the dark , at a loss, in spite of , out of , out of the question(,不可能,) ,anything but,绝对不, by no means,（绝不），,no longer, on no account (,决不,), under no circumstance(,决不,), at no time,。,-Why do you suggest we buy a new machine ?,- Because the old one has been damaged _. (2008,江苏,),A. beyond reach B. beyond repair,C. beyond control D. beyond description,Ive tried very hard to improve my English . But by no means _ with my progress. (2006,重庆,),A. the teacher is not satisfied,B. is the teacher not satisfied,C. the teacher is satisfied,D. is the teacher satisfied,4,动词（短语）,常见的有：,miss (,没有击中,), deny(,否认,),，,lack(,缺少,), refuse, escape, resist, reject, decline, doubt, wonder, fail, exclude, overlook, neglect, forbid, live up to, protect from, keep (prevent, discourage),sb,from doing, turn a deaf ear to,Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _ her to do so. (2006,全国,II,卷,),A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask,If the firms failed to make enough money, they would _. (2007,湖北,),A. close down B. call off,C. turn down D. set off,三通过特定句式构成的否定,（一） 下列为形式肯定，意义否定的句子。,1,.,since +,从句（谓语为延续动词）,That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. (2005,安徽,),A. when B. that C. before D. since,2. would rather than/prefer to dorather than / prefer doing to doing,Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _a bicycle.,(95NMET),A. ride; ride B. Riding; ride,C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,3. the last + N to do,sth,/,定语从句,He is the last man that I want to see.,他是我最不想见的人。,Shes the last person to depend on.,她是最不可靠的人。,该句式表“最不可能做某事”，表极强的否定。,4. tooto,太,.,而不能,Your brother is too young to go to school, is he ?,你弟弟太小了，还不能上学，是吗？,但,too,前有,all, but, quite,等，或,too,后是,ready, easy, eager, anxious, willing,等，不定式不在含有否定的意义。,He is all too pleased to go advice.,他太爱给人出谋划策。,（二）下列为形式否定，意义肯定的句子。,5. not .until .,直,才,It was _ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. (2009,江西,),A. when; then B. not; until,C. not until; that D. only; when,6. Why not,（,）,?,为什么不,？ 好的,!,- How about putting some pictures into the report? -_A picture is worth a thousand words. (2005,江苏,) A. No way. B. Why not?,C. All right? D. No matter.,7.,比较级的否定表最高级,Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away,Thank you. _.(2005,江西,) A,It couldnt be better,B,Of course you can C,If you like,D,Its up to you,8. Hardly when. / No sooner than “,一,就,”,。,-Did Linda see the traffic accident ?,- No, no sooner _ than it happened . (2006,天津,),A. had she gone B. she had gone,C. has she gone D. she has gone,_ got into the room _ the telephone rang. ( 98,上海,),A. He hardly had; than B. Hardly had he; when,C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when,(,三,),其他情况,9. cannot / can nevertoo,再,也不为过,-I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me,donw,.,- You can never be _careful in the street. (2003,北京春招,),A. much B. very C. so D. too,- Must I turn off the gas after cooking ?,- Of course. You can never be _ careful with that . (2005,江西,),A. enough B. too C. so D. very,10. cant resist/ help doing,情不自禁地,.,She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. (97,上海,),A. to clear B. cleaning,C. cleaned D. being cleaned,While shopping, people sometimes cant help _into buying something they dont really need. (96,上海,),A. to persuade B. persuading,C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,11.,对非谓语动词的否定,_ the,programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2004,广东,),A. Not completing B. Not completed,C. Not having completed,D. Having not completed,四英语中极易误解的否定句式,1. “no+,比较级”的句式否定两者。,He is no taller than I .,我和他都不高。,2. not,because,句式意为“并不因为,才”或“没有,因为,”,。,She didnt do it because it was easy.,他并不是因为这件事容易才做的。或：她没有做这件事，因为太容易了。,You should not despise a man because he is poor,你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。,3. as,welll,as,与否定词连用时否定词只否定,as well as,之前的部分。,I shall not go as well as you.,你去，但我不去。,4. “not and”,结构表示对两者之一的否定，并非对两者的全部否定。,The careless student couldnt do his homework fast and correctly.,那位粗心的学生不能把作业做得又快又对。,5. I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.,6. “There be +no/not any +,v-ing,”,结构,表示“禁止做或做某事是不可能性”。,There is no smoking in the waiting room at the railway station.,火车站的候车室里不准吸烟。,7. more A than B,结构表示“如其说是,B,不如说是,A”,。,He was more foolish than clever.,如其说他聪明不如说他蠢。,