Strategies for Keeping Your Job

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Strategies for Keeping Your Job,Make a list of thing you think people do to stand at their company. Then the article to see if any of the strategies match the things you came up with,1,fireman,worker,chef,teacer,doctor,office clerk,nurse,2,常见英语职业名称,A. accountant: 会计 actor: 男演员 actress: 女演员 announcer: 广播员,architect: 建筑师 artist: 艺术 astronaut: 宇航员. attendant: 服务员,B. baker: 烘培师 barber: 理发师(男) baseball player: 棒球选手 bell boy:,门童 bellhop: 旅馆的行李员 blacksmith: 铁匠 boxer: 拳击手 broker,(agent) : 经纪人 bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机 butcher: 屠夫 carpenter:,木匠,C. cartoonist: 漫画家 cashier: 出纳员 chef: 厨师 clerk : 店员 clown :小丑,computer programmer : 程序员 construction worker : 建筑工人,cook:厨师 cowboy :牛仔 D. dancer : 舞蹈表演者 dentist: 牙科医生 designer: 设计师 desk clerk:,接 待员 detective 侦探 doctor: 医生 driver: 司机 dustman: 清洁工 E. editor : 编辑 engineer:工程师 F. farmer: 农夫 fashion designer: 时装设计师 fireman (firefighter):,消防员 fisherman: 渔夫 florist: 花商 flyer: 飞行员 Foreign minister,外交部长 G.,gardener花匠(园丁) gas station attendant : 加油工 guard :警卫,guide: 导游 H. hairdresser: 理发师,美容师(女) housekeeper : 管家 housewife : 家庭主妇,3,I. interpreter :口译员 J. janitor : 清洁工 journalist: 记者 judge 法官 K. lawyer :律师 librarian: 图书管理员. life guard :救生员 L. magician :魔术师 mathematician : 数学家 miner: 矿工 model: 模特儿,M. movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星 musician : 音乐家,N. nun : 尼姑 nurse: 护士 O. office clerk : 职员 office staff 上班族 operator: 接线员 P. photographer:摄影师 pilot: 飞行员 planner: 计划员 policeman: 警察,postal clerk: 邮政人员 postman :邮差 President: 总统 priest: 牧师,professor: 教授 R. real estate agent: 房地产经纪人 receptionist :接待员 repairman :,修理工 reporter : 记者 S. sailor: 船员，水手 salesman/salesperson: 售货员 scientist: 科学家家,secretary: 秘书 singer: 歌手 soldier:军人 T. tailor: 裁缝师 taxi driver计程车司机 teacher: 教师 tour guide: 导游,traffic warden: 交通管理员 translator: 翻译 TV producer: 电视制作人,typist: 打字员 V. vet: 兽医 veterinarian兽医 waiter: 侍者(服务生) waitress: 女侍者,(服务 生),W. writer: 作家,4,5,6,Whats Your Strategy for Staying Employed?,1,Be the go-to person who has significant, needed organization knowledge.,2,Make your contributions measurable and visible to the right people.,3,Work longer hours and make sure the right people notice.,4,Ask for more work and more challenging assignments.,5,Make sure your manager likes you. Give her time, compliments, and attention.,6,Be a low maintenance employee: no complaining, whining or monopolizing the bosss time.,7,Keep your ear to the grapevine to know early about pending problems.,7,8,Make money for the company: contribute to revenue generation, sales, profit,9,Keep your personal and professional skills growing and developing,10,Team build with coworkers: cooperate to achieve goals and success for all,11,Other. Share your strategy in comments,8,10 Tips for Keeping Your Job Safe and Staying Employed,Assess your job skills, education, and accomplishments.,Keep your skills polished.,Know whos hiring in your field.,Track trends.,Be positive about your long-term career success.,Hone your networking skills.,Keep your resume updated.,Take care of yourself.,Dress professionally.,Practice the basics.,9,10,CONVERSATION,You get a great tan!,11,12,with adjectives, is more interesting than,is less interesting than ,is harder than,is not as hard as ,with verbs,earns more than,earns less than ,earns as much as ,doesnt earn as much as ,with nouns,has better/worse hours than,hasnt as much as ,has more education than ,with past participles,Is better paid than,isnt as well as ,is better educated than ,comparisons,Grammar Focus,13,Gerund,14,Gerund,动名词,定义：动名词是兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。有时态和语态的变化。,一、动名词的作用,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。,用。如：,二、动名词作主语的几种类型,1. 直接位于句首做主语：,Swimming is a good sport in summer.,Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。,Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。,Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.,在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。,2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。,注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。,It is no use telling him not to worry,15,It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收,It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.,劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。,It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。,It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好,3. 用于“There be”结构中,There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。,There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑,4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。,No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟）,No parking. （禁止停车）.,5. 动名词的复合结构作主语,当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.,6.例词,shopping、 fishing 、cycling这些都是很常见的动名词,16,The attributive clause,定语从句,I. 定义：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时，这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。,They have a clever son.,Do you know the man over there?,I know the man who wrote the book.,II. 要点：,定语从句的前面都有先行词（被修饰语）,This is the,boy,whom we are looking for,定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后,先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词（有时可省略）,关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分,The girl,who,is standing under the tree is my sister.,The man,whom,you want to see has come.,17,但that 一般可用来代替who, whom, which,作宾格时可省略,Do you remember the teacher,that/who,taught us English?,A bookstore is a store,that/which,sells books.,The man,(that/whom/who),you know is a famous professor.,用于限定性定语从句的,关系代词,who , whom , which , that , whose等关系代词在定语从句中所指对象是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语或定语。列表如下,：,指代对象,人,事 物,人 + 事物,主 格,who / that,which/that,that,宾 格,whom/that,which/that,that,所有格,whose/ of whom,whose/of which,/,备注：以上关系代词在定语从句中作宾格时均可以省略,。,18,A) that 不能用来替代who, whom, which的两种情况,1）,“介词+whom/which”的结构中，不能用that,She is a good student from whom we should learn.,2),在非限制性定语从句中，逗号后面不能用that,She sang a new song, which we like very much.,注意：非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略,B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情况,1. 先行词,为不定代词,如：all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等,Is there anything (that) I can do for you?,2. 先行词前,有,形容词,最高级,修饰,This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.,3. 先行词前,有序数词,first, last, next, only, very等词修饰,The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.,4. 先行词,同时含有,“人”和“非人”时，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom,He talked about the people and the books that interested him.,19,C),关系副词,when, where, why,用关系副词,when,时，它的先行词是表示,时间的名词,，用,where,时先行词是表示,地点的名词,，而用why时它的先行词只可能是,reason,，使用时应注意以下几点：,关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分,This is the city,where,I was born.,This is the city,(which/that),he has visited,I dont know the reason,why,she is late.,That is the reason,(which/that),everybody knows,Do you still remember the day,when,he arrived?,Do you still remember the day,(that/which),we spent together?,关系副词,when, where, why,可由“,介词,+which,”,的结构来,替代,Is this the reason for which,（,why),they came?,He left the day on which,(when),I came.,注意：,how,不能用来引导定语从句,This is the way how he did it.,D) As,作关系代词的用法与,the same, such,连用,This is the same book as I read last week.,Such books as I have read are classical works.,20,巧记that和which的用法异同,that，which可互换，下列情况勿照办,that 情况比较多， 先来对你说一说。,不定代词这一伙， 全用that准没错；,先行词前有修饰， 千万不要用which；,要用which别着急， 介词提前逗隔离,21,小结,一、限定性定语从句,22,指代对象,指代人,指代物,主格,who,which, as,宾格,whom,which, as,所有格,of whom, whose,which, of which, whose,关系代词：,二、非限定性定语从句,2. 关系副词:,when，where,23,三、,不能用that,：,非限定性定语从句,介词,+which,四、,只能用,that,：,先行词,是,不定代词,;,先行词前,有,形容词最高级或序数词修饰,;,先行词前,有,the only, the very, the same, the last,修饰时,;,先行词同时含,有,人和物时,;,当语句以,who, which,开头时。,24,Have a try,用关系词填空,1.The man,_ spoke at the meeting this morning,is a famous lawyer.,2.The girl,_ you saw just now,is Jane.,3.This is a book,_ was written in English by our teacher.,4.The pictures,_ he drew in the 1980s,are on show,.,5.The book,_cover is red,is mine.,who/that,(whom/that),which/that,(which/that),whose,25,注意1：不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry.,Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.,My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物(或前面整个句子)只能用which，指人则只能用who(主)whom(宾)。,which,which,who,whom,26,Her bag ,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.,This is the ring,on _ she spent 1000 dollars,.,Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert yesterday,enjoys it very much.,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。,which,which,whom,27,注意2,：,先行词是时间名词时, 定语从句的关系词选用的规则:定语从句缺时间状语, 关系词用 when; 但若缺主语或宾语，则关系词用which或that。,Ill never forget the day _,we first met in the park.,Ill never forget the time _,I spent on campus.,Ill never forget the time _,was spent with you.,when,(whichthat),whichthat,28,注意 3,先行词是地点名词时, 定语从句的关系词选用的规则:定语从句缺地点状语, 关系词用 where; 但若缺主语或宾语，则关系词用which或that。,The library,_,students often study,was on fire last night.,The library,_,was built in the,1930s,needs repairing.,The library,_,you visited,yesterday,was built in 1990.,where,which,(which/that),29,注意4,：,先行词是原因名词时, 定语从句的关系词选用的规则:定语从句缺原因状语, 关系词用 why; 但若缺主语或宾语，则关系词用which或that。,This is the reason _,I didnt come here.,why(=for which),The reason,_,_,she gave,was not true.,(whichthat),30,注意5：,关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。,France is the most beautiful city,_Ive ever seen.,This is the best TV,_ is made in China.,The first museum,_ he visited in China,was the History Museum,.,that,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。,31,All,_ can be done,has been done.,Do you have anything,_ you dont understand,?,There is little,_ can be believed,about it,.,The book doesnt say much,_ amuses children,.,that,that,that,that,先行词是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。,32,Ive read all the books,_ you lent me.,No sample,_ we have received,is satisfied.,Please send us any information,_ you have about the subject.,He is the only person,_ was present at the time.,that,that,that,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little, every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that,33,We talked about some things and people,_ we could still remember,for about half an hour.,A victim is a person,animal or thing,_ suffers pain,death,harm,etc,.,that,( that),先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .,34,Who,_ you have ever seen,can do it better ?,Who,_ you are talking to,is the young fellow ?,(,that),(,that),Who做先行词时，为了音韵和谐，引导定语从句的关系词用that 。,Well done !,35,Thank you !,GOOD BYE !,36,