translation of signs标识语的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English translation of,public signs,in Chinese,Chapter 9,汉英公示语的翻译,1,公示语是指在公共场所展示的特殊文体，具有特殊的交际功能，以及提供信息和完成指令的作用。其应用范围非常广泛，几乎涉及到我们日常生活的各个方面。如街头的路牌、广告牌、路标、商店招牌、警示语、宣传语、商品说明书、旅游简介等等。作为一种交际工具，它用简明易解的图标或文字与图标相结合的方式把必要的、有用的信息传达给大众。,公示语的定义,2,3,“,小心落水,!”,的公示语标牌通常是竖立在河边或者水塘边,奉告人们注意安全,不要掉进水里了,但是有人竟然把它译成了,Please Mind Falling Water!,该译文不是提醒人们注意不要掉水里,而是注意正在落下来的水,!,还有这样的译文,: Carefully Fall into the River!,它不是奉告人们注意安全,而是劝告人们掉河里时要小心,!,小心落水,4,高教园区：,Higher Education Zone,5,杭州高新技术开发区,原译：,High and New Technology Development Region,“,杭州高新技术开发区,”,的原译有两个问题：第一，把,“,高新技术,”,对号入座地译成了,“,High and New Technology,”,是不查辞典想当然的结果。第二，将,“,开发区,”,译为,“,Development Region,”,，也不正确。美国的,Webster,s New World Dictionary of the American Language (Second College Edition),给,region,和,zone,两个词的解释是：,region,，,“,an administrative division of a country (,某一国家的行政区,),”,，如,“,香港特别行政区,”,的英语就是,“,Hongkong Special Administrative Region,”,，简称,Hongkong SAR,；,“,澳门特别行政区,”,的英语也是,“,Macao Special Administrative Region,”,，简称,Macao SAR,；,zone,，,“,any area or region considered as separate or distinct from others because of its particular use,”,。显然，,zone,是指,“,有特殊用途并与其它区域分开或不同的区域,”,，如：,Cotton zone (,种棉区,),，,non-military zone (,非军事区,),等。所以，,“,开发区,”,应译为,“,Development Zone,”,。,6,世界统一英语：,Non-recyclable,7,公示语的语言风格,大量实用名词,售票机,Ticket Machines,注意行人,Caution Pedestrians,动词、动名词的使用,保持通畅,KEEP CLEAR,请小心台阶,PLEASE MIND YOUR STEPS,词组、短语的使用,因故停用,Out of Order,短时停车,Short stay,缩略语的使用,停车场,P,厕所,WC,8,公示语的语言风格,严禁使用生僻词汇,留学生公寓,INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HOUSE,全自动门,Automatic Door,文字图形并用,简洁语汇 精确措辞,送客止步,Passengers Only,边道封闭,Footpath Closed,9,在公示语功能特色和语言风格的基础上，刘法公（,2008,）以纽马克的文本分类作为理论依据，试提出公示语汉英翻译三原则：统一（,consistency,）、简洁（,conciseness,）和易懂（,comprehensibility,）。这三个翻译标准基本上能反映公示语独特的社会功能和语言特征，能满足公示语汉英翻译标准问题的特殊需要。,公示语汉英翻译的原则,10,纯麦饼,开封后请即食用，以免受潮,“,开袋即食,”,统一英语表达,改译：,Please,have it soon after opening the bag,in case it gets damp.,Please eat as quickly as possible after opened.,11,游客止步,Guest go no further,“Stop”, “guest, stop here”,Passengers, stop here!”,令人疑惑的公示牌英语,12,“,旅客止步,”,统一到英语国家的说法,“,旅客止步,”,在英语国家的通用说法是,Staff Only,，而非,Tourists, Please Stop,之类的译文。,Staff Only,这个译文是逆向翻译法的结果。类似表达还有：,员工专用,=Staff Only,；,公交车专用,=Buses Only,，,贵宾专用,=VIP Only/ Distinguished Guests Only,；,会员俱乐部,=Members Only,；,专用停车位,=Authorized Cars Only,；,警车专用停车位,=Police Cars Only,；,请绕行此路,=Arrow Only,；,超车道,= Overtaking Only,。,这类公示语的翻译,“,统一,”,原则就是要我们把公示语统一到英语国际惯例上，避免根据汉语句式特点翻译时望文生义。这是一种模仿和借鉴。,13,贵宾候车室,原译：,Distinguished Guests Wait for a Bus at the Place,这是杭州汽车东站候车室的一条公示语。原译把简明标识翻译成了一个完整的句子，这不符合公示语简明扼要的特点。原译还给外国旅客一种不舒服的感觉，好象车站把旅客分成了几等。要消除这一误会，我们运用,“,简洁,”,原则，试改译为：,Reserved Waiting-room,。,“,reserved,”,是,“,distinguished,”,的委婉表达。至于原译中的,“,guests,”,、,“,wait for a bus,”,和,“,at the place,”,皆为多余文字。该公示语赫然醒目地挂在汽车站候车室的门口，就不必要再强调,“,旅客,”“,在这里,”“,等汽车,”,。,14,软席、硬席,原译：,Soft Seat,，,Hard Seat,火车的,“,软席、硬席,”,属于中国特色，英美的火车通常无此区分。国内许多车站，如，上海站的译法是,“,Soft Seat,”,和,“,Hard Seat,”,，但这样的译法会让许多外国旅客吃惊，搞不清车上的座位到底有多,“,软,”,，到底有多,“,硬,”,。在,“,易懂,”,原则的指导下，我们试将,“,软席、硬席,”,翻译成,“,Cushioned Seat,”,和,“,Ordinary Seat,”,。,“,cushioned seat,”,是指有垫子的座位，当然就是,“,软,”,席；,“,ordinary seat,”,则是普通的、没有垫子的座位，自然就是,“,硬,”,席了。这样的译法也许有不忠实之嫌，但却能让英语者看懂，能起到指示作用。,15,公示语的种类,Shopping Signs,年终大甩卖,Year-end sale,恕不讲价,One price (fixed price),16,Traveling Signs,Three Pool Mirroring the Moon,World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site,天然动植物标本园,Underground Passage,Dead End,世界自然与文化遗产,三潭印月,Green Treasury and Natural Zoo,地下通道,禁止通行,17,Speed Limit, 30 km/h,Traffic Signs,Bend Ahead. Slow Down!,前方弯路慢行,一慢二看三通过,Slow down, Look around, and Cross,限速：每小时,30,公里,18,Institution Names,Chinese Academy of Social Science,国土资源部,Ministry of Land and Resource,Department of Justice,司法厅,中国社会科学院,19,Names of Places,锦江乐园,Jinjiang Amusement Park,静安新城,Jingan New City,南京东路,East Nangjing Road,北三环,North Third Ring,玉佛寺,Jade Buddha Temple,三元桥,Sanyuan Overpass,20,Power to the people,Public Slogans,Say No to Drug and Protect Your Life,One World One Dream,一切权力归人民,拒绝毒品珍爱生命,同一个世界，同一个梦想,21,公示语的功能,指示性,提示性,限制性,强制性,22,指示性公示语,体现是周到的信息服务，没有任何限制、强制意义，因此语言应用也不一定要求公众去采取何种行动，其功能在于指示服务内容。,Stamp Vending Machine,Out-Patient Department,Take Away Service Available,Management nor responsible for articles lost or stolen;,此处发现鲨鱼,Baby Change,Shark sighted,门诊部,邮票销售机,提供外卖,婴儿换巾处,遗失物品 店方概不负责,失物招领处,Lost and found,男更衣室,Mens locker,23,货物出门，概不退换,All sales are final.,Please tender exact fare,不设找零,请保管好您随身携带的物品,Please Take Care of Your Belongings,Please check your change before leaving,找零请当面点清,24,提示性公示语,没有任何特指意义，仅起提示作用，但用途广泛。,Sold Out,Wet Paint,Drinks Purchased Are for Taken Away Only,Please Wait Here for Enquiries,Floor Cleaning in Progress,请勿践踏草坪,(,厕所）有人,occupied,此处有炸药，注意安全,售完,油漆未干,饮料仅供外卖,请在此等候咨询、询问,正在清扫地板,Please Keep Off the Grass,We have explosives here. Pay attention to your safety.,Danger: Explosive.,25,Caution! Slippery/Caution! Wet Floor,小心地滑,Caution! Hot,小心烫伤,老，弱，病，残，孕专座位,Courtesy seats,26,限制性公示语,对相关公众的行为提出限制、约束要求，语言应用直截了当，但不会使人感到强硬、粗暴、无理。,Handicapped Only,残疾人通道,Construction Site keep Out,TICKET ONLY,凭票入场,施工现场 禁止入内,All Visitors Please Report to the Gate Warder,来客请到门房登记,No Admittance for Children Under 1m.,一米以下儿童谢绝入内,27,强制性公示语,要求相关公众必须采取或不得采取任何行动，语言直白、强硬、没有商量余地。,禁酒区,No Smoking,严禁吸烟,No Minors Allowed,儿童严禁入内,桥上严禁超车,No Overtaking On Bridge,Alcohol Free Zone,警戒线勿超越,Police Line Do Not Pass,禁止通行,Dont Walk,未经许可的车辆不得入内,Authorized cars only.,28,公示语的特定功能,引发兴趣,提供服务,旅游纪念品,您的安全 我们的天责,加深理解,装修前大甩卖,CLOSING DOWN FOR MODERNIZATION,免税店,Duty Free,Souvenirs,YOUR SAFETY IS OUR PRIORITY,29,促进行动,八折优惠,巩固形象,Thank you for visiting Bejing Railway Station,进门赢大奖,DEAL DIRECT WITH MANUFACTURER AT SPECIAL PRICES,厂家特价直销,COME IN AND WIN,当日可取,20% Off,Daily Service,我们关注！欢迎批评！,谢谢您到访北京车站,We care! We want your comments!,30,服务社会,共同努力，世界更精彩,盗贼当心,防范犯罪,Working together, we can make a world of difference.,Thieves Beware,31,