专四完形填空+-+解题技巧课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语专四完形填空,英语专四完形填空,英语专业四级考试中的完形填空考查的是学生对语言的综合运用能力，包括高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲所规定词汇、语法结构、习惯用法，以及学生的逻辑推理、语篇理解能力。,教学大纲和考试大纲的要求,下面简单地介绍一下专业四级考试中完形填空部分相应的能力要求：,语法：在完形填空中，单纯考语法的题目并不是很多，考查的内容主要集中在各类从句、固定句型、情态动词和虚拟语气。,词汇：考生掌握的词汇量越大就越能够在信息缺失的情况下理解原文的意义。同时词汇题也是常见的题型，主要集中在词义的理解、同义词、同义词组的辨析。,阅读：由于信息的缺失，完形填空对考试的阅读能力提出了较高的要求，即要求其在最短的时间内把握文章以及语言的情境,文化素养：在难以从语言角度做出正确选择的情况下，考生往往可以求助于自己的人文知识、科技知识，甚至生活常识。,一、宏观上处理好篇章与空格之间的关系,完形填空的测试目的是测试学生运用语言的综合能力。完形填空的考试重点是上下文的联系和短语结构的搭配关系。由于考试时间紧，许多考生在回答这部分题的时候，往往不顾整个篇章的结构、大意或文体，一开始就把注意力放在空格选项上，孤立地研究个选项，这就脱离了文章整体，答题的准确率也会大受影响。因此，要做好这部分试题考生,首先必须大体理解篇章的主要内容、逻辑关系,，从而,判断出的意图及归纳或演绎的思路,；另外，考生在答题之前，,还要对文章的文体有所了解，这利于考生根据不同的文体对不同的或相近的选项做出正确的选择。,如文学材料、科普文章、新闻报道等由于文体上的不同，它们在用词和句子结构上都有所不同。,请看下面例子：,Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, _1_ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for _2_ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if _3_ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes _4_.,1. A. either B. so C. nor D. never,2. A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming,3. A. any B. some C. anything D. something,4. A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal,通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故应排除选项A和D。severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。因此，选B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。,二、微观上利用各种线索选择答案,完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念，还有些是非语言性的一些知识等。,语义线索,在完形填空中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，既已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与的原意不一致。,例如：,Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be _1_ in a single large building.,1. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised,根据语义线索（内部装饰变得重要的部分原因是因为一座大楼包含许多用途。）可知空格处需要一个表示“包含（括）”意义的动词。在四个选项中A. consisted(由构成)，多用于主动且与of连用；,C. compose（组成）多以be composed of这一固定词组出现；D. comprise(包含)一般不用于被动语态。contain在用法上和语义上符合题意，故为答案。,语法线索,指所填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。例如：,Cities contain the very_1_ aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: ,1. A. well B. good C. better D. best,根据第二句中的语法线索the very worst，我们就可以肯定此空也要用形容词最高级,词汇线索,有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了应填入的词。,But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical _32_of cash and location on achieving that idea.,32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses,C. insufficiencies D. limitations,该题要求在空白处选择一个名词，而且该名词既可以与cash搭配，又可以与location搭配，表示“在金钱和地方上都受限制”。其中，weaknesses 表示“弱点，缺点”与原文意思不符，可以直接排出；deficiencies 表示“缺乏”，可以与cash 搭配，但是不能与location搭配；insufficiencies表示“不足，失败”， 可以与cash 搭配，但是也不能与location搭配；而limitations表示“限制，局限”，可以与cash 和location 搭配，因此选D.,概念线索,在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一个人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。,All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain _32_to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things; _33 _ they could communicate with each other ; and that later they agreed _34_certain signs, called letters, which could be _35_ to,represent those sounds, and which could be _36_.,32. A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements,语篇线索,有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需的词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。有时只是几个词之间的关系。常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词、副词、语气词及插入语、词组（介词词组）等。,_41_, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to _ educate _fathers in this resocialization(社会角色重新转变) _process_.,41. A. As a result B. For example C. Yet D. Also,该句子意为：然而，不幸的是，在这个社会角色重新转化的过程中，很少有人教育父亲们该如何行事。因此，本题应选择转折连词。,超语言线索,在完形填空考题中，有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往要根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。,三、,完形填空的解题过程,完形填空的解题过程可以概括为“,总、分、总,”三步走。,“总”,：,速读全文，把握大局。用2-3分钟，以略读方式快速浏览全文，主要目的是了解文章的体裁和题材，从整体上把握全文内容和结构框架，找出文章的主题、大意，作者的观点、态度、思路，文章展开的线索，句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系，以及文章的语言风格或特点。,“分”,：,逐句通读全文，但是先不要看四个选项，做到通读与猜测并行。另外，千万不要拘泥与题目顺序，这一步解题过程可以针对不同情况,分三轮,解题，通俗地讲，,就是好做的先做，不会的留到下一轮,。,第一轮,，对含义明显的词汇，固定搭配或习惯用法，常用句式等纯语言知识问题，可以边读边随时猜测出答案，包括介词的用法，倒装句、虚拟语气等固定的句型或语法。,第二轮,，针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目。这类题目的答案，不仅仅取决于对文章局部的理解，而是要在对语篇理解的基础上，利用上下文中字里行间的线索才能猜测出答案。此时，应该先看清题区的句法关系，辨别句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句，并根据语法判断词性，然后根据学生自己的生活常识、背景知识与文章主题，猜测该词或短语的语义范围。,第三轮,，集中突破前两轮未能解出的题目。在前两轮的基础上，针对最后难关，直接对照选项，利用前两轮已填入的选项缩小填空范围，采用排除法，排除不恰当的选项，最后敲定答案。,“总”,：,检查核实。此时的文章应当是一个语法结构正确，用词语义准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，主题突出，内容充实，意思连贯，层次清晰的整体。首先，要着眼大局，从语篇整体上，看答案是否符合文章主题，态度，意图及文体特征。其次，从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：,1.所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调。,2.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。,3.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。,4.所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求，必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无绝对把握，仍应相信第一感觉。,The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. _1_ these wide modern roads are generally _2_ and well maintained, with_3_ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most _4_one. Large highways often pass _5_ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally _6_large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with _7_traffic during rush hours, _8_the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take_9_you are not in a hurry. Not far fromthe_10_new “superhighways”, there are often older,_11_heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside._12_of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high _13_ ,or down frightening hillside to towns_14_in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places _15_ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.,1.A. Although B. SinceC. Because D. Therefore,2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated,3. A. little B. few C. much D. many,4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable,5. A. to B. into C. over D. by,6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate,7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy,8. A. when B. for C. but D. that,9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since,10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably,11. A. and B. less C. more D. or,12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some,13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths,14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied,15. A. there B. whenC. which D. where,参考答案及详解,1. A) 此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同的，例如：although是表示转折关系的；since，because，therefore是表示原因关系的。通过阅 读此空所在句得知大概句义为：“尽管这些宽阔的现代化公路通常很平坦且维护良好，转弯也很少，但是一直保持笔直的公路不总是令人赏心悦目”。根据语义线索和语法线索可知此空应填表示转折关系的选项A。,2. C) 根据词汇线索和词义搭配可知，stable，splendid和complicated一般不能用来修饰 roads。,3. B)根据语义线索可推断此空正确答案为选项B few。,4. C) 根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正确答案为C enjoyable。,5. D) 介词by能和动词pass搭配，意为“经过，掠过”。,6. B) 本句中的联系副词Furthermore说明本句是对上一句的进一步补充和信息的增加，由此可推测本句句义为高速公路不仅经过风景区和乡村，通常还“将庞大的都市中心区连接起来”。故正确答案为B。,7. D) “交通拥挤”用heavy 和traffic搭配。,8. A)通过分析可知，这里使用的是一个非限定性定语从句，四个选项中只有A when 具备此语法功能。,9. B)根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确答案。,10. A)根据主句中的“older . roads”可推断此空需要填一个比较意义的副词，以构成对比关系，故选项A relatively“相应地，相对地”为正确答案。其他三词词义分别为：regularly“有规律地，定期地”；respectively“各自地”；reasonably“有理由地”。,B)根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级，故可排除A和D。另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less，因为“more heavily traveled”意为“车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识不符。,12. D)从下文的others可知此空正确答案为D some。,13. B)根据上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以断定这里需要一个表示路况不好的词，选项A rocks意义不符，故只有B cliffs “悬崖” 为正确答案。,14. A)根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由此可猜测句义为“位于深谷中的城镇”，“位于”lie是不及物动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，故正确答案为lie的现在分词形式lying。,15. D)定语从句修饰places用where来引导。,How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31)_(,A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary,), the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32)_,(A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements),to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33)_ (,A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in,that,)they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34)_(,A. in B. with C. of D. upon),certain signs, called letters, which could be (35)_(,A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied,) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36)_(,A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed,). Those sounds, whether spoken, (37)_ (,A. and B. yet C. also D. or,)written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their (38)_(,A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links,) the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39)_(,A. filled B. full C. live D. active,) with meaning for us by experience; (40)._(,A. but B. or C. yet D. and,) the longer we live, the more certain words (41)_(,A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect,) to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we (42)_(,A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite,), the more the number of words that mean something to us (43)_ (,A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges,) Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44)_(,A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully,) to our minds and emotions. This (45)_(,A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common,) and telling use of words is what we call (46)_ (,A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic),style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47)_(,A. signs B. words C. style D. sound,). He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48)_(,A. in B. on C. over D. by,) their position and association can (49)_(,A. move B. engage C. make D. force,) men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50)_(,A. transform B. change C. make D. convert,) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.,答案解析,31. B 短语辨析题。分析原句可知，空格后的内容是对前半句的同义解释，所以B “in other words”表示“换句话说“是正确的。A “in addition”表示“此外，另外”；C “in a word”表示“简言之，总之，一句话”；D “in summary” 表示“总的说来，概括起来“。,32. A,33. C 语篇衔接题。“so that”引导结果状语从句，表示“以便，目的是”，A such that 常用于表示“某事的（重要性、价值等）达到了（that后面提及的）那种程度”；B as that 表示“例如”；D in that 表示“因为，原因在于”，引导原因状语从句。,34. D 固定搭配题。 Agree 可以和介词to, with, on（upon） 搭配。 Agree to 表示“同意，愿意，答应某事”； agree with sb. 表示“与某人意见一致”； agree on（upon）表示“对意见一致”。这里表示“人们对某些符号达成一致”，所以选A。,35. B 动词辨析题。意思为“字母可以被组合起来表声音”。,36. A 动词短语辨析题。,37. D 固定搭配题 whetheror 不论还是,38. B 名词辨析题 破折号后的内容是对空格的解释说明，因此B associations “联想“是正确答案。,39. A 形容词辨析题 句子的意思是“语言因为我们的阅历而充满了意义。所以用 A filled. B full 要搭配介词 of,40. D 语篇衔接题。由前面的分号可知，本句与上句之间应该是并列关系，所以选择D and 。,41. B 动词辨析题。 本句只语言让我们回想起关于过去的欢乐和悲伤，所以B recall 正确。,A reappear 表示“再出现”； C remember 表示“记住”； D recollect 表示“重新集合；恢复”。,42. C 动词辨析题 我们阅读和学习的越多，我们掌握的词汇量就越多。,43. B动词辨析题 分析句子结构可知，本空应该填入不及物动词，应排除 A, raises 只能做及物动词；而句子意思为“词汇量增加”，所以选B increases。,44. D 副词辨析题,45. A 形容词辨析题 上文题到作家的语言能引起读者的共鸣，所以这是一种吸引人的用法，故A charming正确。,46. C 形容词辨析题 文学文体，应是literary。,47. B 名词辨析题 意为“诗人是真正的语言大师”。Master of words,48. D 介词辨析题 意为“通过单词的位置及其所引发的联想，使我们感动的落泪。介词by 表示“通过的方式、方法”。,49. A 固定搭配题 move sb to tears是固定搭配，表示“使某人感动的落泪”。,50. C 动词辨析题,More and more students want to study in“hot”majors. _1_ a result, many students want to _2_their interests and study in these _3_such as foreign languages, international business and law, etc. Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors, _4_maths, physics and biology, and art majors, _5_ history, Chinese and philosophy. _6_ students can study in these“hot”majors, because the number of these“hot”majors _7_ limited. If one _8_ interest in his work or study, _9_can he do well? I _10_this from one of my classmates.He is _11_ the countryside.His parents are farmers.Though he _12_biology, he chose“international business”.He _13_ to live a life which is different _14_ of his parents. In the end, he found he _15_ in doing business.He found all the subjects to be _16_ . _17_ this wouldnt have happened if he had chosen his major according to his own interests. Choosing a major in university _18_ decide ones whole life.Majors _19_ are not“hot”today may become the“hot”major of tomorrow. Choosing your major according to your own _20_ is the bestway to succeed.,1. A.Being B.For C.Having D.As,2. A.give up B.appear C.give D.master,3. A.place B.room C.areas D.space,4. A.for example B.such as C.and so on D.as a result,5. A.even B.like C.just D.or,6. A.Only a few B.Quite a few C.Perhaps D.Many,7. A.is B.are C.would be D.have been,8. A.had no B.had C.has no D.has,9. A.why B.and what C.how D.and how,10. A.suggested B.guessed,11. A.out of B.off C.in D.from,12. A.studied B.likes C.learns D.succeeds tostudy,13. A.wants B.doesnt want C.enjoys,D. doesnt like,14. A.from which B.from that C.for which D.forthat,15. A.was interested B.was clever C.was not,interested D.was not clever,16. A.lovely B.rare C.obvious D.tiresome,17. A.So B.Then C.Just then D.Maybe,18. A.can B.does not C.probably D.perhaps not to,19. A.on which B.in which C.which D. from which,20. A.interests B.experience C.mind D.heart,1.【答案】D 【解析】as a result表示“结果(是)”。,2. 【答案】A 【解析】参见3。,3.【答案】C 【解析】根据本句内容可知：“许多学生想放弃(give up)他们的爱好而学习诸如外语、国际贸易、法律这些学科(领域)(areas)”。,4.【答案】B 【解析】such as用于简单的罗列事物。,5.【答案】B 【解析】like在此基本上等于such as，以避免重复。,6.【答案】A 【解析】“仅有少部分学生能学习这些热门专攻课程”。其余选项均不符合语境或语法规则。,7.【答案】A 【解析】the number of与单数谓语连用。,8.【答案】C 【解析】根据语法和语境，只能选has no。此句后半句用的是can，因此不能用过去时，had no和had错。本句意思是“如果一个人对他的工作或学习不感兴趣，他怎么能够做好？”,9.【答案】C 【解析】参见8。在how can he do well中，动词do作不及物动词，意为“进行”，“发展”。,10.【答案】D 【解析】根据句意，这里应选learn。,11.【答案】D 【解析】Be from来自。,12.【答案】B 【解析】“虽然他喜欢生物学“。,13.【答案】A 【解析】Doesnt want，doesnt like不符合语意，答案enjoys不符合语法规则。,14.【答案】B 【解析】be different from that of his parents与其父母的生活不同。That指前面的life。,15.【答案】C 【解析】was interested不符合语意，was clever，was not clever易排除。,16.【答案】D 【解析】“他觉得所有的学科都令人厌倦。”,17.【答案】D 【解析】“或许在当初他按照自己的爱好选择他的专攻课程，这种情况就不会发生”。此句表示与过去事实相反(条件句中用虚拟语气)。,18.【答案】B 【解析】“在大学选择专攻课程并不决定某人的一生”。perhaps not to不符合语法规则。,19.【答案】C 【解析】which are not“hot”today是定语从句，修饰majors。Which在定语从句中作主语。On which，in which不符合语法。,20.【答案】A 【解析】本句是文章的中心，“根据个人的兴趣选择专业是成功的最佳方法。,