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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,TEM-4,专四语法与词汇系列,句子成分,Jocelyn Yee,句子的主要成分包括：,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。,The main sentence parts are:,subject, predicator, object, attribute, adverbial, complement, subject complement / predicative, appositive,主语 Subject,主语（subject），是一句话中动作的实施者。一般由名词性的成分充当，如名词、代词、名词性从句等。在专四中对主语的考核，请注意形式主语it与真正主语的辨析。,主语 Subject,In the following sentence “It is no use,waiting for me,”, the italicized phrase is,. (2010, 61),A. the object B. an adverbial,C. a complement D. the subject,D,谓语 Predicator,谓语（,predicator,），是一句话的中心动作，一定由动词来充当。在专四中对谓语的考核，主要集中在时态和语法上。,参见专四语法与词汇系列其余部分,to be continued,宾语 Object,宾语（object），是一句话中动作的实施对象，一般位于及物动词或介词之后，也由名词性成分的词、短语或从句充当。在专四中对宾语的考核，请注意形式宾语it与真正宾语的辨析。,In “How much do you think he earns?” how much is,of the sentence. (2009, 64),A. the subject B. the adverbial,C. the object D. the complement,C,宾语 Object,宾语 Object,在对宾语的考核中，还可能会考核到双宾语（,double objects,）和复合宾语（,compound object,），以及这二者的区别。,They gave him a watch.,We call him Jack. (object + object complement),Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (2010, 63),The directors appointed John manager.,I gave Mary a Christmas present.,You have done Peter a favor.,She is teaching children English.,A,宾语 Object,定语 Attribute,定语（attribute），是一句话中对主语和宾语起修饰、限定的那个部分，通常由形容词性的词、短语或从句充当。,状语 Adverbial,状语（,adverbial,），是一句话中修饰动词或整句的那个部分，通常由副词性的词、短语或从句充当，且介词短语也可充当句子的状语。,状语可用于表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、让步、条件等。,Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE? (2010, 51),Why dont you do it,for the sake of your friends,?,I wish I could write,as well as you,.,C.,For all his efforts,he didnt get an A.,D. Her eyes were red,from excessive reading.,D,状语 Adverbial,表语,Subject Complement,表语（subject complement），是一句话中位于联系动词后，用于解释、说明、描述主语的那个部分，一般由形容词、名词性质的词、短语或从句充当。,Even as a girl,to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher. (2001, 42),performing by Melissa were,it was known that Melissas performances were,knowing that Melissas performances were,Melissa knew that performing was,D,句子成分,
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