SIP协议基本原理课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中国电信云南公司网络运行维护部,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中国电信云南公司网络运行维护部,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中国电信云南公司,2010,年度工作会议,第 页,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,SIP,协议原理,第,1,章,SIP,协议概述,第,2,章,SIP,协议报文分析,第,3,章,SIP,呼叫流程,SIP协议的概念和主要功能概念,SIP,：,Session Initiation Protocol,用于建立，控制和释放会话,SIP,是,IETF,为多媒体会话而开发制定的协议,这里的会话包括文本，视频，游戏和传统的语音,SIP,是为,Internet,而制定设计的协议,象,HTTP,协议一样是基于文本的,询问,/,应答机制,广泛应用于,internet,可以基于,UDP,、,TCP,和,SCTP,传输，目前最常用,UDP,SIP协议的概念和主要功能协议族,信令协议,􀂄注册、定位用户、路由,􀂄建立，修改，释放会话,媒体传输协议,􀂄用于传输语音,/,视频包,SIP ,信令协议,会话的管理（,SIP,）和会话的描述（,SDP,）是分离的,SIP协议的概念和主要功能会话相关协议,RTP (Real-time Transmission Protocol),􀂄用于在,IP,网上传输经过打包的实时媒体流，例如,.,语音，视频,RTCP (Real-time Transmission Control Protocol),􀂄用于反馈媒体传输的质量报告信息,SDP (Session Description Protocol),􀂄 总是做为,SIP,消息体出现,􀂄 会话描述协议和会话管理（,SIP,）协议是互相独立的,SIP,协议的概念和主要功能,功能,SIP,的,5,个方面基本功能,：,用户定位（,User Location,）：决定哪个终端系统参加通信,用户能力（,User Capabilities,）：决定通信所采用的媒体和媒体参数,用户可用性（,User Availability,）：决定被叫方是否愿意加入通信过程,呼叫建立（,Call setup,）：振铃、主叫方和被叫方的连接和参数的建立,呼叫处理（,Call handling,）：前转或终结呼叫,事务和会话,对话,是两个,UE,之间为建立、更改和释放媒体会话所需要建立的信令关系，对话起始于,INVITE,请求，并终止于,BYE,请求的,200,（,OK,）响应，,INVITE,是唯一可以创建一个对话的命令,.,一个对话由头域中的,Call-ID, Local Tag and Remote Tag,等参数来标识,一个对话可以包括多个事务,事务,事务是指客户端发送到服务器的请求以及服务器回送至客户端的所有响应,包括一个请求和一个或多个响应,包含一个最终响应,(,非,1xx,响应,),使用,via,域中的,branch,参数来定义一个事务,事务和会话,事务,一个请求和其所有的相应,对话,包含多个事务,Invite,180 Ringing,200 ok,183,Invite,180 Ringing,ACK,PRACK,183,200,200,200,Bye,T1,T4,T3,T2,T1,SIP的基本网络模型,用户代理,UA,（,User Agent,）,用户代理客户,UAC,（,User Agent Client,）,用户代理服务器,UAS,（,User Agent Server),背靠背用户代理,B2BUA,（,Back-to-Back UserAgent,）,代理、代理服务器（,Proxy,、,Proxy sever,）,重定向服务器（,Redirect server,）,位置寄存器（,Location server),注册员（,Registrar,）,UA,SIP-URL,类似于,E-mail,和,HTTP,的格式,: SIP-URL = sip:userinfohost:port,通常表示希望访问的用户或者服务的地址,例子：,SIP在NGN中的应用,SS,SS,AS,多媒体终端,OpenEye,Proxy Server,SIP/SIP-I,SIP,SIP,SIP,SIP,SIP,IP,承载网,第,1,章,SIP,协议概述,第,2,章,SIP,协议的报文分析,第,3,章,SIP,呼叫流程,SIP消息类型,SIP,消息可以被分为两类：,请求,发起一个会话,响应,对请求的响应,.,SIP消息请求消息类型,INVITE,：发起会话请求,ACK,：对,INVITE,请求的响应的确认,CANCEL,：取消尚未完成的请求,BYE,：结束会话,REGISTER,：注册，完成地址绑定,OPTIONS,：查询服务器能力,SIP消息扩展请求消息类型,基本请求,扩展请求,INVITE,：,发起会话,ACK,：,INVITE,的回答,CANCEL,：取消会话,BYE,：结束会话,REGISTER,：注册,OPTIONS,：查询服务器能力,MESSAGE,：请求一个即时消息,SUBSCRIBE,：签订一个通知事件,NOTIFY,：发送一个通知事件,UPDATE,：在建立呼叫阶段修改会话属性,PUBLISH,：发送事件状态给状态服务器,PRACK,：标识临时响应的可靠性,SIP消息响应消息,SIP,消息响应消息,1xx,：临时响应,表示已经接收到请求消息，正在对其进行处理,2xx,：成功,表示请求已经被成功接受、处理,3xx,：重定向,-,表示需要采取进一步动作，以完成该请求,4xx,：客户端错误,表示请求消息中包含语法错误或者,SIP,服务器不能完成对该请求消息的处理。,;,5xx,：服务器端错误,-,表示,SIP,服务器故障不能完成对正确消息的处理 。,6xx,：全局错误,-,表示请求不能在任何,SIP,服务器上实现,SIP 基本消息流程,会话建立,注册,Client A,Proxy A,Proxy B,Client B,INVITE,INVITE,INVITE,100 TRYING,100 TRYING,180 RINGING,180 RINGING,180 RINGING,200 OK,200 OK,200 OK,Client A,Proxy A,Register,401 unauthorized,Register,200 OK,100 TRYING,SIP消息结构,SIP,消息基于文本，包含,3,部分,Start-Line,首行,Header,头域,Body,消息体,INVITE sip:6663000191.1.1.1;user=phone SIP/2.0,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 190.1.1.1:5061;branch=z9hG4bKdb30b0fa4,From: ;tag=8f41b5ee,To: ,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Contact: ,Supported: 100rel,User-Agent: Huawei SS V300R006,Max-Forwards: 70,Allow: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,INFO,UPDATE,SUBSCRIBE,NOTIFY,MESSAGE,REFER,Content-Length: 136,Content-Type: application/sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 50000 RTP/AVP 8,a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000,SIP消息结构,Start-line,：,请求行,Request-line,消息为,request,消息时使用,request-line,Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP SIP-Version CRLF,状态行,Status-line,消息为响应消息时使用,Status-line,Status-Line = SIP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF,SIP消息结构,请求行,Request-line,消息方法：以下列出了六种消息方法,REGISTER,：注册联系信息,INVITE,：发起会话请求,ACK,：对,INVITE,请求的响应的确认,CANCEL,：取消请求,BYE,：结束会话,OPTIONS,：查询服务器能力,Request-URI,：指示请求的用户或者服务的地址信息,.,SIP-version,：请求和响应消息都需要包含,SIP,版本信息,.,举例：,INVITE sip:6663000191.1.1.1;user=phone SIP/2.0,SIP消息结构,状态行,Status-line,SIP,版本,状态码,原因短语,举例：,SIP/2.0,200,OK,SIP消息结构,消息头：,格式：字段名（,field-name,）：参数值（,field-value,）,REGISTER sip:190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=714ea7f,To: ,CSeq: 1 REGISTER,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12;branch=z9hG4bK878ee9ea8;rport,User-Agent: Huawei-VPhone/1.19,Contact: ,Expires: 300,Max-Forwards: 70,Content-Length: 0,范例：,SIP消息结构-消息体-1,消息体：,可选,SDP,、,ISUP,等,范例：,INVITE sip:6663000191.1.1.1;user=phone SIP/2.0,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 190.1.1.1:5061;branch=z9hG4bKdb30b0fa4,From: ;tag=8f41b5ee,To: ,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Contact: ,Supported: 100rel,User-Agent: Huawei SS V300R006,Max-Forwards: 70,Allow: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,INFO,UPDATE,SUBSCRIBE,NOTIFY,MESSAGE,REFER,Content-Length: 136,Content-Type: application/,sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 50000 RTP/AVP 8,a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000,INVITE sip:1280001191.1.1.1;user=phone SIP/2.0,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 190.1.1.1:5061;branch=z9hG4bK26defe061,From: ;tag=2fe3ec58,To: ,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Contact: ,Supported: 100rel,User-Agent: Huawei SS V300R006,Max-Forwards: 70,Allow: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,INFO,UPDATE,SUBSCRIBE,NOTIFY,MESSAGE,REFER,Content-Length: 337,Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary=ssboundary,-ssboundary,Content-Length: 136,Content-Type:,application/sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 50000 RTP/AVP 8,a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000,-ssboundary,Content-Length: 30,Content-Type:,application/isup;version=itu-t92+,01 00 60 00 0A 03 02 08 06 81 10 21 08 00 01 08,01 00 0A 06 81 13 22 02 00 01 65 01 00 00,-ssboundary-,SIP消息结构-消息体-2,SIP 消息结构-消息体-3,消息体可以为任何协议,大多数情况使用：,SDP,SDP,：会话描述协议，是一个用来描述多媒体会话的应用层控制协议，它是一个基于文本的协议，用于会话建立过程中的媒体类型和编码方案的协商等。,SDP,包含：用户使用的媒体类型，媒体目的地址（,IP,、端口），编码方式等。,SIP消息结构SDP 举例,v=0 o=HuaweiSS 868 868 IN IP4 10.216.9.200 s=Sip Call,c=IN IP4 10.216.6.108,t=0 0 m=,audio,17368,RTP/AVP,8,a=rtpmap,：,8 PCMA/8000,v =,（协议版本）,o =,（所有者,/,创建者和会话标识符）,s =,（会话名称）,c =,（连接信息）,t =,（会话活动时间）,m =,（媒体名称和传输地址）,a = *,（,0,个或多个媒体属性行）,头域基本头,INVITE sip:6663000191.1.1.1;user=phone SIP/2.0,Via,: SIP/2.0/UDP 190.1.1.1:5061;branch=z9hG4bKdb30b0fa4,Call-ID,From,: ;tag=8f41b5ee,To,: ,CSeq,: 1 INVITE,Contact,: ,Supported,: 100rel,User-Agent,: Huawei SS V300R006,Max-Forwards,: 70,Allow,: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,INFO,UPDATE,SUBSCRIBE,NOTIFY,MESSAGE,REFER,Content-Length,: 136,Content-Type,: application/,sdp,SIP头域From、To,TO,：指明请求的接收者,FROM,：指示请求的发起者,范例：,INVITE sip:6669999191.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=84902cce,To: ,SIP/2.0 100 Trying,From: ;tag=84902cce,To: ,SIP头域 From & To (续),Request URI,&,From,&,To,INVITE,REGISTER sip:190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=5345eb6f,To: ,REGISTER,INVITE sip:6669999191.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,To: ,From: ;tag=84902cce,目的地,用户,被叫,主叫,SIP头域 Contact,Contact,提供一个地址与用户直接通话,呈现于,INVITE,，,ACK,，和,REGISTER,请求，成功响应，呼叫处理响应，重定向响应,范例,:,REGISTER sip:190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,Contact: ,范例,:,INVITE sip:2223402190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,Contact: ,SIP头域Call-ID, Cseq,Call-ID,：唯一的标识符,Call-ID,用来标识一个会话,.,Cseq,：命令序号，在,Call-ID,范围内唯一确定,包含序列号和,SIP,方法两部分,SIP,方法必须和,request,请求中的方法保持一致,范例：,INVITE sip:2223402190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,CSeq: 7 INVITE,范例：,SIP/2.0 100 Trying,CSeq: 7 INVITE,SIP头域Via,Via,：,Via,消息头用以保存请求历经的路径。它可以防止请求消息传送产生环路，并确保响应和请求消息选择同样的路径,范例：,SIP/2.0 200 OK,Via,：,Via,：,Via,：,SIP,头域,Max-Forwards,Max-Forwards,：用于定义一个请求到达其目的地址所允许经过的中转站的最大值,错误时返回,483,响应,(too many hops).,只用于请求消息,Example,：,INVITE sip:2223402190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,Max-Forwards,：,70,第,1,章,SIP,协议概述,第,2,章,SIP,协议报文分析,第,3,章,SIP,呼叫流程,注册流程-1,注：,1,）如果终端没有配置认证功能，则无,401,过程。,2,）注销的过程同注册的过程，但参数不同。,190.1.1.1,189.1.1.12,SS,REGISTER sip:190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=714ea7f,To: ,CSeq: 1 REGISTER,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12;branch=z9hG4bK878ee9ea8;rport,User-Agent: Huawei-VPhone/1.19,Contact: ,Expires: 300,Max-Forwards: 70,Content-Length: 0,注册流程-2,190.1.1.1,189.1.1.12,SS,SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12;branch=z9hG4bK878ee9ea8;rport=5060,Call-ID: 272d79be376a0e5dea753dfd878ee9ea189.1.1.12,From: ;tag=714ea7f,To: ;tag=8985a357,CSeq: 1 REGISTER,WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm=huawei,nonce=05ddf8d6d532a56d4e646df59cff9f2c,domain=sip:,stale=false,algorithm=MD5,Server: Huawei SS V300R006,Content-Length: 0,注册流程-3,191.169.150.30,191.169.150.251,REGISTER sip:190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=714ea7f,To: ,CSeq: 2 REGISTER,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12;branch=z9hG4bKb61082135;rport,User-Agent: Huawei-VPhone/1.19,Contact: ,Expires: 300,Max-Forwards: 70,Authorization: Digest username=2225002,realm=huawei, nonce=05ddf8d6d532a56d4e646df59cff9f2c,uri=sip:190.1.1.1,response=78b9724720c5c08aed343e48365068d1,Content-Length: 0,SS,注册流程-4,189.1.1.12,SIP/2.0 200 OK,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12;branch=z9hG4bK701082139;rport=5060,From: ;tag=5345eb6f,To: ;tag=6d274a46,CSeq: 2 REGISTER,Expires: 300,Contact: ;expires=300,Server: Huawei SS V300R006,Content-Length: 0,SS,用户呼叫流程-1,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,INVITE sip:2225007190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK945e37154,User-Agent: Huawei-VPhone/1.19,Contact: ,Max-Forwards: 70,Allow: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,UPDATE,INFO,Content-Length: 455,Content-Type: application/sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 3334 RTP/AVP 8 0 4 97,m=video 10004 RTP/AVP 34 31 35,.,用户呼叫流程-2,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,SIP/2.0 100 Trying,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK945e37154,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Content-Length: 0,用户呼叫流程-3,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,SIP/2.0 407 Proxy Authentication Required,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK945e37154,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ;tag=de949fa9,CSeq: 1 INVITE,Proxy-Authenticate: Digest realm=,nonce=14:11:12:12,stale=false,algorithm=MD5,Reason: Q.850;cause=0;text=unknown,Content-Length: 0,用户呼叫流程-4,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,ACK sip:2225007190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ;tag=de949fa9,CSeq: 1 ACK,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK945e37154,Max-Forwards: 70,Content-Length: 0,用户呼叫流程-5,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,INVITE sip:2225007190.1.1.1 SIP/2.0,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ,CSeq: 2 INVITE,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK1475e0543,User-Agent: Huawei-VPhone/1.19,Contact: ,Max-Forwards: 70,Proxy-Authorization: Digest username=2225002,realm=, nonce=14:11:12:12,uri=sip:2225007190.1.1.1, response=18f4702d4fe9193c05d41564d5f94a18,Allow: INVITE,ACK,CANCEL,OPTIONS,BYE,REGISTER,PRACK,UPDATE,INFO,Content-Length: 455,Content-Type: application/sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 3334 RTP/AVP 8 0 4 97,m=video 10004 RTP/AVP 34 31 35,用户呼叫流程-6,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,用户呼叫流程-7,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,INVITE,5,100 Trying,6,INVITE,7,100 Trying,8,180 Ringing,9,180 Ringing,10,200 OK,12,200 OK,11,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,407,3,ACK,4,SIP/2.0 200 OK,Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 189.1.1.12:5060;branch=z9hG4bK1475e0543,From: ;tag=3e87ecd5,To: ;tag=feacb9bd,CSeq: 2 INVITE,Contact: ,Content-Length: 265,Content-Type: application/sdp,v=0,s=Sip Call,t=0 0,m=audio 3334 RTP/AVP 8 97,用户呼叫流程-8,SS,SIP PhoneA,SIP PhoneB,Conversation,ACK,13,ACK,14,BYE,15,200 OK,16,BYE,17,200 OK,18,用户呼叫的失败流程举例,SGA,SS-A,SS-B,SGB,IAM,IAM,ACM,ANM,ANM,REL,REL,RLC,RLC,Conversation,INVITE,1,100 Trying,2,180 Ring,3,200 OK,4,ACK,5,BYE,6,200 OK,7,ACM,成功的SIP 中继呼叫流程,在,ISUP,信令和,SIP,消息之间的映射关系：,IAM = INVITE,ACM = 180 RINGING,ANM = 200 OK,REL = BYE,RLC = 200 OK,SS,SS,SIP 中继扩展呼叫流程,INVITE,1,100,Trying,2,180 Ringing,3,PRACK,(,confirm response of 180 Ringing,),4,ACK,7,BYE,8,200 OK,9,200 OK PRACK,5,200 OK,6,谢 谢,!,