状语从句的翻译.

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Translation of English Adverbial Clauses Into Chinese,英语状语从句的翻译,一、时间状语从句的翻译,1,.,1译成与汉语完全对应,的表示时间的状语,1.,We shall discuss the problem fully,before we make the decision.,我们在作出决定之前,要充,分,讨论这个问题,2.,The iron should be stricken,while it is hot.,趁热,打铁,3.,If winter comes,can spring be far behind?,冬天来了，,春天还会远吗?,4.,When they approached Trenton,lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on.,当他们逼近屈兰敦时,许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会,还未结束。,5.,我们第二次见面时，,我发现她比实际年龄显得老一些了。,When we met each other for the second time,I found that she looked older than she was.,6.,直到黄昏降临，,他的小孩才回家。,His child did not come back home,until dusk set in.,12 转译为其他状语从句,英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译，但有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词（如when, before, until 等）引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。,12 转译为其他状语从句,1.,One must sow,before one can reap.,只有播种，,才能有收获。,(译成汉语的必要条件复句的正句。) 也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为：,一份耕耘，一份收获。,2.,Before manned spacecraft could be sent to,space,the problem of getting the spacecraft,safely back to earth had to be solved.,为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去,，,就必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译成汉语单句的目的状语),1. 3 翻译成固定句型,由 hardly (scarcely). when （before） no sooner than as soon as the moment（the instant ） just as等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含“刚(一)就”这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的,固定句式。,1. 3 翻译成固定句型,1.,我们刚到车站,火车就开了,。,Scarcely,had we got to the station,before the train left.,2.,计算机刚一启动，,就发现有病毒。,Hardly,had the computer started working,when viruses were found.,3.,As soon as she heard the news,she fainted.,她刚一听到这个消息,就昏过去了。,4.,They fell in love,the moment they saw each,other for the first time.,他们,一见,钟情。,1. 4译成并列分句,1.,The earth turns round its axis,as it travels about the sun.,地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面,绕地轴自转。,2.,I read a newspaper while I was waiting /.,我,边等边,看报,。,3.,I was going home,when I met Mary,.,我正要回家,就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。,所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首，也可置于译句句末。,二、原因状语从句的翻译,21译成表示原因的分句,1.,They are informal, most likely,because they are always in,a great hurry.,他们,之所以,不拘小节, 很可能是,因为他们总是处于匆忙之中,。,2.,Because his parents had paved a good way for him,he didnt worry about it at all.,他,之所以,一点不急，是,因为父母已为他铺好了道路。,3.,既然发言人不能来,，,我们不得不取消这次会议。,Since the speaker cant come,well have to cancel the meeting.,2. 2 译为不带关联词、因果关系,内含的并列分句,1.,Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very impor-tant,we could not live without them,not for one minute.,爱迪生,为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，,我们的生活离不,开它们一刻也离不开。,2.,He was not nervous at all,because he was ready.,他胸有成竹,，,一点不紧张。,三、条件状语从句的翻译,31 译成相对应的表条件的分句,1.,If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively,the,whole country will come into chaos.,如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制,整个国家将会,陷入一片混乱之中。,2.,We wont be able to go there on foot,in case,i,t rains.,要是下雨,，,咱们就不能打赤脚上那儿去。,3.,If I could relive my life,I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets.,如果我可以重新过日子,我会生活得截然不同，不会留下,这么多遗憾。,32译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子,1.,If the temperature drops to zero degree centi- grade,water freezes.,水,在零摄氏度,结冰。,2.,If you work hard,you will succeed.,努力工作，,就会成功。,3.,If you melt two or more metals together,you can get a,new metal.,将两种以上的金属熔化在一起,就可产生一种新金属。,33 译成补充说明情况的分句,1.,“Youll have some money by then,t,hat is ,if you last the week out,you fool.”,“到那时你该有点钱了,就是说,如果你能度过这星期的话,，,你这傻瓜。”,2.,Be respectful to your superiors,if you have any,also to strangers, and sometimes to others.,要 尊重你的上司，,如果你有上司的话。,对待陌生人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。,3. 4 译成特定的条件分句,1.,They might be prepared to trim productionbut,only,if they are convinced it will firm prices,它们可能准备削减产量,但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。,2.,Certainly you can pass the test,but only if you study very hard.,你肯定能通过考试，但,前提是你学习非常刻苦。,四、让步状语分句的翻译,41 译成表示 “让步”的分句,(,1,),Although there are these cultural differences,the main engine propelling the separatist cause,is economic.,尽管有文化差异，,但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力,是经济因素。,(,2,),Old as he is,he would rather work than sit idle.,他虽已年迈，,但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。,(,3,),Even though our hope for success is pretty,slim,we still want to have a try.,哪怕成功的希望渺茫，,我们也还要试一试。,4. 2译成表 “无条件”的条件分句,汉语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的,一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同,样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。,这样的复句里的前一分句，称之为 “无条件”的条件,分句，通常以whatever, wherever, whoever, when-,ever, no matter wh-为引导词, 通常翻译为以 “不论”,“无论” “不管” 等关联词,。,(,1,),No matter what happens,he will go on with,an indomitable will without turning back.,不管发生什么事，,他都将一无反顾, 勇往直前。,(,2,) Ill be right here waiting for you,wherever you go,and whatever you do.,无论你到哪里去，无论你做什么，,我都会在这儿等你。,(,3,) We are all,whatever part of the world we,come from,persuaded that our own nation is,superior to all others.,不论我们来自世界上的哪个国家，,我们大家全都相信，我们自己的民族优于所有别的民族。,五、目的状语从句的翻译,以so that , in order that, to the end that, in case等从属短语连词引导的目的状语从句，一般译成汉语中相对应的 “为了”， “以便”， “以免”， “以防”等引导的目的状语修饰语。同样，汉语中这样的目的状语,修饰语应翻译成英语的目的状语从句。,5. 1译成表示 “目的”的后置状语,(,1,) Youd better take an umbrella with you,in case it rains,.,你最好带把伞,以防下雨,。,(,2,)Besides learning the prescribed textbooks, you are sup-posed to read more books on your subject,in order that you may expand your scope of know-ledge.,为了扩大知识面，,你们除了学好规定的教材之外，还应该阅读一些与专业相关的书籍。,5. 2译成表示 “目的”的前置状语,(,3,) The travel plan was canceled,in order that the spread of SARS could be prevented.,为了防止非典的传染,这次旅行计划给取消了。,(,4,) He sent a bunch of flowers each day,in order that he could win her love.,为了赢得她的芳心,他每天送她一束花。,5. 3灵活地译为表目的的句子,有时也可根据逻辑意义和汉语表达习惯, 将,英语目的状语从句与主句融合起来翻译， 译为表,目的的句子， 包含“其目的是”和“为的就是”,这样的词语。,(,1,) The UN was established,in order that peace,and development can be promoted.,创建联合国的,目的就是要推动和平与发展。,(,2,) We learn from our past lessons,so that history,wont repeat itself.,我们从过去的经历中吸取教,训,为的就是不再重蹈覆辙。,六.,结果状语从句的翻译,英语和汉语的结果状语从句都位于句末，系,句子的后部分内容。,61 译成表结果的分句,(,1,) He had over-slept,so that he was late for work.,他睡过头了，,结果上班迟到了。,(,2,) That girl studiedvery diligently last term,so that she obtained excellent results in all the terminal,exams.,那位女孩上个学期学习非常勤奋，,因此期末每门功课考试都获得优秀成绩。,(,3,) He,never,played with the children,so,that a,quarrel did not follow.,他跟孩子们玩耍，,结果总是吵架。,七、方式状语从句的翻译,表示方式的状语从句通常由as, as if, as though,引导，往往位于主句之后，但在 as so结构中，,as-分句通常置于主句之前。在口语中可用the way,(that)引导方式状语从句。,(,1,) Please do exactly,as your doctor says,.,务请,按照医生的吩咐,行事。,(,2,) All folk songs sound,as if they come from the heart.,所有民歌听起来,宛如人们的心声,。,(,4,),As a man sows,so so he will reap.,种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。,(,5,),As the twig is bent,so the tree is inclined.,上梁不正下梁歪。,62 译成不含关联词但内含,因果关系的并列分句,(,1,) There are many factories around ,as a result,the air is seriously polluted by smoke.,这周围有许多工厂，,空气受到烟尘的严重污染。,(,2,) It was,such,a terrible experience,that I will ne-,ver forget it.,那次经历可怕至极，,我永远不会忘记。,(3) Peter is,such,a nice boy,that he is loved by,everybody.,彼特是个好男孩，,人人都喜爱。,从以上例句可知，英语方式状语从句的结构可,以是完整的分句，也可以是省略主语和谓语助词的,省略分句，翻译起来比较灵活简单。包含as so,结构的句子，用于书面语，其中大多是蕴涵隐喻的,谚语或习语，翻译时一般采用汉语中相对应的比喻,性谚语或习语。,八、地点状语从句的翻译,地点状语分句是表示时空关系的分句结构。英,语地点状语分句可位于主句之前，亦可置于主句之,后。汉语地点状语分句通常位于主句之前。让我们,观察以下实例。,(1),Where you find high wages,you will find high,prices.,哪里工资高，,哪里消费就高（工资高的地方物价昂贵。）,(2),Where there is clean air and water,there are,people who live a long life.,哪里有洁净的空气和水,，,哪里的人们就长寿。,(,3,),Wherever she goes,there are crowds of people,waiting to see her.,她不管走到哪里,，,总有成群的人们等待着见她。,(,4,),Wherever he happens to be,John can make himself at home.,约翰无论在什么地方,都能随遇而安，感觉像在家里一样。,(,5,),Where there is a will,there is a way.,有志者,事竟成,(,6,),Where there is smoke,there is fire.,无风不起浪。（,有烟的地方,就一定有火。）,(,7,),Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work,behind scenes,many today seek publicity as a useful tool.,过去，游说者往往避免出名，喜欢在幕后工作,如今他们中许多,人把抛头露面作为一种有用的手段来追求。,从以上例句可知，地点状语从句比较容易翻译。,值得注意的是，英语和汉语中有些地点状语分句相当,于无条件的条件状语分句，因而翻译成相应的的条件,状语，如上面的例（74）和（75）。英语中有些包含,地点状语分句的句子表达抽象的意义或比喻意义，实,际上是谚语或习语，可翻译成汉语的紧缩句或谚语，,如上面的例(76) 和(77)。例(78)虽好理解，但难翻,译，根据逻辑意思灵活处理了，转译为对比情况的,并列结构。,我们已经例证、简论状语分句的翻译。,值得着重,指出的是，英语状语分句的位置颇为灵活，可位于主,句之前，也可置于主句之后，而汉语状语分句一般位,于句首，很少置于句末。因此，英语的状语分句，不,论其位置如何，翻译成汉语时通常可位于句首。所有,的英语状语分句都必须由从属连词引导，而汉语,状语分句则不一定。所以，在许多情况下，英语,状语分句翻译成汉语时，其从属连词可省略，而,且有时省略更好。与此相反，汉语状语分句，不,论是否有关联词，翻译成英语时必须有从属连词,引导。,