汉语习语的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The translation of Chinese idioms,1. Analysis of Chinese idioms from,sentence segment,structure,and,semantic classification,2. C-E translation samples of idioms,1,1） 成语作为短语或词组在句中可担任一定成分，如,主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分和分句,。,嗟来之食,，吃下去肚子是要痛的。,主语,这些英国军官一来就算计我的酒，可是又不中,用，喝多了就,烂醉如泥,。,谓语,这个可怜的小镇，停水停电是,家常便饭,了。,表语,2,仕途前程全,凭三寸不烂之舌,，杀身之祸却也是祸从口,出。,宾语,禁止任何公务人员,假公济私,之行为。,定语,她替我管家，,精打细算，量入为出,。,状语,刚来时，经常看见她,郁郁寡欢,，对新来的同志也不冷,不热。,补语,司马昭之心，路人皆知,，你们别老把别人当傻子。,小句,3,2）从结构上看，成语可分为,联合式、动宾式、主谓式、偏正式、连动式、兼语式、紧缩式,等。,山盟海誓,（并列式）,为所欲为,（动宾式）,盛气凌人,（主谓式）,泰然自若（,偏正式）,投笔从戎、触景伤情、截长补短,（连动式）,引狼入室、令人生畏、望子成龙,（兼语式）,脍炙人口、宁死不屈,（紧缩式）,4,3） 成语的语义类别划分：,A:纯本义,约定俗成,B:本义+比喻/引申意义,藕断丝连,5,粗枝大叶,thick branches and large leaves; (in doing things) do not take due care; careless or carelessly,粗枝大叶,为并列结构，字面意义是，枝子很粗，叶子很大，很不精细。通常当,马虎大意,和,粗心大意,使用。,6,闻所未闻,hearing what has never been heard before; rarely or seldom heard of,闻所未闻,为动宾结构，字面意义是听到了从未听到过的，通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。,7,盛气凌人,so arrogant as to impose oneself upon others; arrogant or domineering in manner,盛气凌人,为主谓结构，字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人，通常与,不可一世,、,咄咄逼人,等词语同义。,8,想入非非,indulge in fantasy; be unrealistic or illusory,想入非非,为主谓结构，意思是思考问题时想法不符合实际，用时多用本义。,9,洋洋得意,extremely pleased as to be too proud; pleased and too proud; pleased to the extent of being too proud,洋洋得意,是偏正结构，,字面意义是满意到了骄傲的地步，得意到溢于言表。,10,小心翼翼,particularly careful, extremely cautious,小心翼翼,为偏正结构，,翼翼,用做补语修饰,小心,。,翼翼,的字面意义是,多多,，,小心翼翼,的字面意义是,小心多多,，使用时的意义为非常小心、特别谨慎，几乎有点过分。,11,见异思迁,change ones mind upon seeing something new; be inconsistent in inclination,见异思迁,是连动结构，字面意义是见到了不同的东西就想丢掉原来的，换上那个不同的。主要用于描写人们容易改变主意，喜爱不够专一，有时用于描写人喜新厌旧。,12,无地自容,feel so ashamed as to find no place to hide oneself in; feel too ashamed to see others,无地自容,为连动结构，本意是因做错了事而羞愧到了极点，羞于见人却又找不到藏身的地方，用时多用本义。,13,剜肉补疮,cut flesh to patch an ulcerate; take short-term measures to do something which requires long-term measures to be taken; to pull through a light crisis or solve a problem at the expenses of the future,剜肉补疮,为连动结构，,剜肉,的目的是为了,补疮,。字面意义是，某人生了疮，为治疗这个疮竟然将自己的好肉割下来补上因生疮而烂掉的那块坏肉。人们通常用它来表达这样的意思：为了救眼前之急，竟然牺牲未来。,14,调虎离山,lure the tiger so that it will leave the mountain where it lives; lure somebody to leave his advantageous location so as to overwhelm him,调虎离山,是兼语结构，字面意义是，想办法引诱老虎使它离开它所生活的山，因而使其失去地理优势，以便战胜老虎。此成语多用于指称战争策略。战争中，一方占据地理优势，另一方为了改变这种局面，故意引诱它离开占据优势的地方，以便使其失去优势进而战而胜之。,15,脍炙人口,sliced and roast meat is pleasant to everybodys taste; poems and pieces of prose are so excellent as to please every reader,脍炙人口,中，,脍,是切成精细的小片的鱼肉或肉，,炙,是烤肉。,脍炙人口,为紧缩结构，字面意义是，好吃的东西人人都爱吃，多用于比喻好的诗文令大家赏心悦目。,16,Assignment,:,Analyze and translate the following Chinese idioms,昂首阔步、半途而废、不学无术、触类旁通、,奋不顾身、泰然处之、心怀叵测 、忠心耿耿,自惭形秽,17,昂首阔步,march with head raised stiffly; stride proudly ahead,昂首阔步,为联合结构，字面意义为，昂着头大踏步向前迈进。用时多有意气风发、斗志昂扬的意思，有时略有态度高傲的意思。,18,半途而废,stop halfway; give up halfway,半途而废,为偏正结构，字面意义是，走到半路上就不走了，用时多比喻做事干到一半就放弃了，含有惋惜甚至责备的意思。,19,不学无术,one is not skilled with anything due to the fact that he does not study well; be incompetent due to ones ignorance; incompetent and ignorant,不学无术,为联合结构，,不学,和,无术,间既可理解为并列关系，也可理解为因果关系。因此字面意义为，由于不学习而没有本领，也可以理解为，既没有学问也没有本领。用于他人多含贬义，用于自己多表自谦。,20,触类旁通,knowledge of an example enables one to understand the relevant category; comprehend something by analogy; understand things of a kind upon touching an example,触类旁通,为连动结构，含有如果触类了就可以旁通的因果意义，因此，本义是接触到某一类知识，就懂得了类似的或相关的知识。用时多用本义。,21,奋不顾身,(in charging the enemy or accomplishing a risky task,) pay no attention to ones life security; regardless of ones security or life,奋不顾身,为偏正结构，意思为勇往直前到不顾个人安危的地步，用时多用本义。,22,泰然处之,behavior with composure; not slightly affected,泰然处之,为偏正结构，意思为遇到事情能冷静对待，用时多用本义。有时也用,泰然自若,。,23,心怀叵测,harbor evil intentions at heart that are not predictable; ill-intentioned,心怀叵测,为主谓结构，意思是心中怀着难以估测的歹意，用时多用本义。另一种说法为,居心叵测,。,24,忠心耿耿,be whole-heartedly loyal; be extremely loyal,忠心耿耿,为主谓结构，意思是非常忠诚，用时多用本义。,25,自惭形秽,be ashamed of ones inferior appearance; feel inferior,自惭形秽,为主谓结构，本意是因看到自己的容貌举止不如别人而感到惭愧，现在通常使用的意思是因感到自己不如别人而非常惭愧。,26,