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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Software Concepts(,软件的概念,),（,1,）,New words and phrases,form n,形式,interchangeable adj.,可交换的,spreadsheet n,电子数据表,interact vi,交互,internal adj,内部的,handle v,处理,manipulate vt,操作，操纵,execute v.,执行,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,1,complexity n,复杂性,outgrow v.,超出，使,不适合,application software,应用软件,system software,系统软件,word processing programs,文字处理程序,electronic spreadsheet,电子表格,database manager,数据库管理员,graphics programs,图形处理程序,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,2,communication programs,通信程序,integrated programs,综合程序,UNIX,美国贝尔实验室研制的一种操作系统，可用于工作站、小型机及微型机,IBM=International Business Machine Corporation,美国商用机器公司,OS / 2 IBM,公司研制的一种操作系统,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,3,Programs are the instructions,that tell a computer how to process data into the form you want.,可翻译为：程序是由指令组成的，这些指令告诉计算机按用户的需求形式进行数据处理。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,4,You can think of application software as the kind you use and,(think) of,system software as the kind the computer uses.,可翻译为：你可以将应用软件看成是用户所用的那类软件，而把系统软件看成是计算机所用的那类软件。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,5,Application software might be described as “,end-user,” software. Application software performs useful work on,general-purpose,tasks such as word and spreadsheet processing.,新词：,end-user,最终用户、终端用户,general-purpose,通用,可翻译为：应用软件可以描述为终端用户软件，它执行各种有用的通用任务，如文字处理、电子表格处理等。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,6,Application software may be packaged or,custom-made,.,custom-made,以定制的方式编写，即按用户需求制作软件；,custom-write,：即按用户需求开发软件。,可翻译为：应用程序可以做成软件包，也可以按照用户需求来开发。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,7,Packaged software refers to programs prewritten by professional programmers that are typically offered for sale on a diskette.,可翻译为：软件包指由专业程序员预先写好的程序，这些程序通常刻在磁盘上，而且是以销售为目的的。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,8,A program might compute,payroll checks, keep track of,goods,in the,warehouse, calculate,sales commissions, or perform similar business tasks.,新词：,payroll checks,工作帐单,goods,商品、货物,warehouse,仓库,sales commissions,买卖佣金,可翻译为：一个程序可以制作工作帐单，跟踪仓库中的货物，计算买卖佣金或者用于相似的商业任务。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,9,System software enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software is “background” software, including programs that help the computer manage its own internal resources.,可翻译为：系统软件使应用程序可以和计算机进行交互。系统软件是一种“后台软件”，包括那些用来帮助计算机管理内部资源的程序。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,10,The operating system handles such details as running (“executing”) programs, storing data and programs, and processing (“manipulating”) data. System software frees users to concentrate on solving problems rather than on the complexities of operating the computer.,可翻译为：操作系统用来处理运行程序，存储数据和程序，处理数据。系统软件使用户能够集中精力解决问题，而不是将时间花费在复杂的计算机操作上。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,11,Microcomputer operating system changes as the machines themselves become more powerful and outgrows the older operating systems.,可翻译为：随着计算机自身变得越来越强大，而且旧的操作系统也适应不了这种变化，使得微机操作系统也不断更新。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,12,Todays computer,competency, then, requires that you have some knowledge of the following most popular microcomputer operating system.,新词：,competency,资格,能力,可翻译为：要了解当今计算机的性能，就需要对下列最流行的微机操作系统有所了解。,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,13,Exercises,Firstly,：,Finish exercise and at Page 11-12 in your textbook.,Secondly,：,Translate the following sentences into English.,1,与第一代计算机相比，今天的计算机在速度上已经有几千倍的提高。,Compared with the first generation of computers, the speed of toady s computers has been increased thousands of times than that of the former.,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,14,2,计算机的硬件主要包括处理器、内存、磁盘驱动器和其它电子器件。,The hardware of computer mainly includes microprocessor, memory, disk drives and other electronical components.,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,15,3,虽然系统软件和应用软件可以替代硬件的功能，但它们在速度上却远落后于用硬件实现。,Although system software and application software can replace hardware in function,，,their speed is far behind the realization of hardware.,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,16,4,最重要的系统软件是操作系统，因为它负责应用软件和系统间的交互。,The most important system software is the operating system, which interacts between the application software and the computer.,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,17,5,通常有两种类型的磁盘驱动器：硬盘驱动器（有时也称固定磁盘驱动器）和磁盘驱动器（有时也称软磁盘驱动器）。,There are two common types of disk drives: a hard disk drive (sometimes called a fixed disk drive) and a diskette drive (sometimes called a floppy disk drive).,Chap1 Fundamentals of Computers(,计算机基础,),2024/9/10,18,OK,!,Lets,have a break,!,2024/9/10,19,
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