2011年6月四级讲解

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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,2011,年,6,月,Part III Listening Comprehension Section A,The head,2011,年,6,月真题,Part I,作文,1.,现在网上购物已成为一种时尚,2.,网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题,3.,我的建议,Practice makes perfect!,Online Shopping,Nowadays,with the rapid development,of Internet technology, online shopping,is coming into fashion, especially among young people.,Practice makes perfect!,参考范文,For retailers, they can save lots of costs that are originally used to rent a store in the downtown and pay employees for less salary compared with traditional market sale.,However, despite the many benefits brought by online shopping, there are still some defects that cannot be ignored.,For one thing, lack of face-to-face communication makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy.,For another, some merchants with evil motives may provide false information, which makes it time-consuming to identify the commodity.,From my perspective, the benefits of online shopping outweigh its defects, and,to refuse to eat for fear of choking,is always an unwise choice. One of the effective measures is to carry out relevant laws to regulate the online trading activities.,Practice makes perfect!,参考范文,Only,when a harmonious Internet environment is established,can we,enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping.,Part II,快速阅读,做题顺序,先看文章标题,了解文章主要内容,然后看第一小题,把题干部分的定位词圈出来,回原文查找。做完第一题后,再看第二题,以此类推。,注意:不要把文章看完再做题,或题看完再读文章。,Practice makes perfect!,阅读技巧,2.,查找定位词,(1),先看问题,确定定位词,然后直接在原文上查找问题中出现的定位词,定位词每次只需要找,2-3,个,多了记不住。,(2),有专有名词、大写字母单词如:,UNESC,,为首选定位词。,(3),句子中比较生僻的词,往往会帮助你定位原文信息。因为生僻的词往往缺少同义词或反义词,一般在原文中不会出现,paraphrase,的情况。,Practice makes perfect!,阅读技巧,3.,克服不好的阅读习惯,(1),视幅小。即所谓“抠读”。阅读时一个字一个字地看,而不是按意群读,一目数词。,(2),回视。即来回看已经读过的内容,不断反复。,(3),纠缠语言细节,读读停停。即阅读时或因作记录或因查生词等多次停下来。,(4),有声朗读或无声默读。此外阅读时晃动身子,用手笔指着要读的文字等都是不好的习惯,都要加以克服。,Practice makes perfect!,阅读技巧,B Its bad taste.,A an inadequate supply of food.,B Its people cared more for quantity.,C all kinds of overseas visitors.,C New ideas and presentations.,5. D maintain British traditional tastes.,6. B They are produced on excellent organic farms.,8.,the local markets,9.,in a British way,10.,share their meals,Practice makes perfect!,Key,定位线索,1. British food,2. The Second World War,3. neighboring countries,4. culinary & appeal to the tastes of,5. Hong Kong diners & David Tamlyn,6. quality ingredients & David Tamlyn,7. Neil Tomes,8. Tamlyn & once a week & vegetables,9. The Phoenix & present,10. Yorkshire Pudding & would like to,Practice makes perfect!,ingredient (n.),(烹调的,),原料;,(,混合物的,),组成部分,molecular gastronomy,分子烹饪学,be traced back to,可追溯到,ration (n.),定量,;,配给量,get ones hands on,得到,找到;占有,prioritisation (n.),优先权,prevail (vi.),盛行,流行,Practice makes perfect!,Word Bank,8. be responsive to,对,.,敏感,对,.,有应答,9. embrace (vt.),包括;包含;接受;信奉;拥抱,perception (n.),认识,观念;感知,(,能力,),;觉察,(,力,),;,staples (n.),主食;主要部份;订书钉,12. provenance (n.),起源,;,出处,authentic (adj.),真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,stick to,坚持;忠于;信守,Practice makes perfect!,Word Bank,11. Shave oneself,刮胡子,Every other day,:,every,two days,每隔一天,Be ashamed of,为,感到惭愧,羞耻,12. Heavy traffic,车水马龙,拥堵的交通,be caught in a traffic,堵车,13. Mid-Atlantic Championship,中大西洋锦标赛,trans-Atlantic trip,跨大西洋旅行,on-field performance,场上表现,rival,对手,e.g. political rival,政敌,work real hard real : really adv.,e.g. real soon real tight,14. In critical condition,处境艰难,*,be critical of,对,批评的,/,挑剔的,/,苛刻的,critical moment,关键,/,重要时刻,pass away:,die,去世,narrow escape,死里逃生,15,. Stay awake,保持清醒,It has been a long time since ,已经很久没有,make a fuss about,大惊小怪,小题大做,think highly of,高度评价,/,赞扬,16.,Logic n.,逻辑,逻辑学,逻辑性,logical a.,有逻辑的,合理的,make sense to,sb,.:,sb,. can understand,make (no) sense:,有(无)意义,讲得(不)通, 有(没)道理,*make a sense of,理解,drop,放弃,退出,e.g. drop class,逃课,drop the class,退课,help,sb,. out,帮助某人解决困难,摆脱困境,Tutoring service,家教服务,17. Stylish,时髦的,款式新的,18. Overseas,国外的,海外的,a. & adv.,e.g. Overseas market/Chinese,海外市场,/,华人,the third overseas trip,go overseas,Odd jobs,零工,零活,*,odd/even number,奇,/,偶数,odds and ends,零碎的东西,a single/return ticket,单程,/,往返票,imaginary,虚构的,想象的,*,imaginative,富有想象力的,有创造力的,19-21,:,come out right,事情进展顺利,Participate in,参加,加入,Cross-country skiing/race,越野滑雪,/,赛,Leave out,遗漏,省略,忽略,不考虑,Fit together,组装在一起,,,紧密联系,22-25,Established,卓有成就的,*,a,long-established,way/country,久已确立(根深蒂固的)的方法,/,建立已久的国家,Start off with,以(做),开始,*,Start out,着手,开始,Wait on table,伺候进餐,当服务员,Word got around town about ,传遍了这个城市,人们交口称赞,22-25,Expand business,扩大生意,Main concern,主要关心的事,Run smoothly,运转良好,TV commercials,电视广告,Distribute ads,:,give out ads,发广告传单,Absolutely,(,not,),绝对正确(不行,不是),Absolutely no!,绝不!,Section BPassage One 26-28,Proven facts,得到证实的事,Loss of vision,失明,dim,昏暗的,模糊的,*,a dim future,前途,/,前景黯淡,Strained,紧张的,strain,紧张,张力,Permanently,:,forever,永久的,*,temporarily,:,for the time being,暂时的,Passage One 26-28,Attach nerve fibers,连接神经纤维,*,attach to,加入,附加,附着,Clear up the myth,消除错误观点,/,谣言、谎言,*,mystery,神秘的事,mythology,神话(,abbr. myth,),Transplant,移植,*,crossbreed,杂交,Neglect,忽视,restore,恢复,false notion,错误概念,/,见解,wearer,佩戴者,Passage Two 29-31,Care for,:,take care of,照顾,*,care for the simple style,喜欢,She cares only for herself.,关心,day-care center,日间护理中心,*,day care,(托儿所)的日托,nursing home,养老院,疗养院,Caregiver,护理人员,spouse,配偶,Normally,:,usually,通常,Passage Two 29-31,The elderly,老年人,长者,Aging,老化,老龄化,The aging of population,人口老龄化,*,ageing,年老的,衰老的,affectionate,充满深情的,挚爱的,Arrange for,安排,*arrange for,sb,. to do,sth,.,安排,做,Arrange for,sth,.,安排,筹划,为,做准备,in advance,提前,Passage Three 32-35,Union representative,工会代表,Safety hazard,安全隐患,Video display terminal,视频显示终端,Supervisor,主管,上司,Dizzy spell,眩晕症状,*,cast a spell on,对,下咒语,High dose of radiation,高剂量的放射,Malfunction,故障,失灵,Welfare,福利,pregnant,怀孕的,Section C,Time waits for no one.,时间不等人。,On the move,活动,忙碌,四处奔波,Backward,倒退的,落后的,Stretch,伸展,延长,e.g. stretch out ones arms stretch oneself,Particle of matter,物质,Obsess v. Obsession n.,be obsessed with,对,着迷,e.g. be obsessed with money,财迷心窍,Relativity,相对性,hourglass,沙漏,A billionth,十一分之一,Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth),Section A,文章大意:,47 N tend,48 L negative,49 H efficiently,50 B associated,51 A alert,52 J function/,53 F definitely,54 O younger,55 E continuing,56 G different,文章大意:本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题:是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间?,47. tend to,固定搭配;表示“倾向于;”符合句意;,48.,空格后是,effect,, 前面是,a(n,),, 由此可见,该处需要填入一个形容词;题目给出的形容词有,negative, sufficient, younger,;根据前后语意,填入,negative,最为恰当,表示“少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”,49.,根据推测,该处应该填入一个副词,题目给出的副词有,efficiently, definitely, formally,;前面提到,老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断,而后面用,while,提出一个对比的概念,年轻人相比起来能获得更,_,的睡眠;综合起来,选用,efficiently(,最有效率的,),最为准确。,50. be associated with,固定搭配;表示“与,联系在一起”;本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起”;,51.,先看整句话的含义,“如果他们能睡更长的时间,他们的感觉应该会更好以及,”,那么,该处应该填入一个褒义词,选择,alert,比较恰当,表示“更加警觉,机灵”;,52.,根据判断,此处应该填入一个动词,剩下的动词有,cling, function,;整句话的意思是“当我们上了年纪的时候,我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了,但是,我们需要,的睡眠量并没有改变;”空格后的单词是,well,,,cling,在这里并不合适,一般与,to,连用;选用,function,最为适合;,53.,作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个,myth,,那么显而易见最后一段中出现的,myth,是作为一种强调手段,应填入,definitely,;,54.,空格的前面是,when they were,, “当他们年轻的时候”;应填入,younger,;,55.,本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从,获益;”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”;根据上下文意思,该处应填入“,continuing”,;,56. different from,固定搭配;表示“和,不同”;,总的说来,建议大家在做题之前对所给的所有词汇进行一下简单的词性分类,这样,更有助于考生快速有效地从最小的范围内选出答案。,Passage One,57. What can we learn from some recent studies?,答案:,D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes,。,关键词:,recent studies, but also,定位:题干中,some recent studies,提示答案定位在第一段第一句话。,解析:问题提问从最近的研究中我们可以了解到什么?第一段第一句中,Several recent studies found that,与题干对应,由此可知,that,后的就是,recent studies,的内容,即,being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict,。其中“,being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race”,对应了选项,D,中的“,interracial lodging”,,“,can but also”,说明了,interracial lodging,是有利有弊的。因此,D,选项符合文意。而,C,选项“弊大于利”不符合文意,,A“,不同种族学生之间的争执是不可避免的”选项与,B“,不同种族的学生相互存在偏见”原文中没有明确提及,Passage One,58. What does Sam,Boakyes,remark mean?,答案:,D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed,。,关键词:,surrounded, something to prove,定位:题干中出现的人名,Sam,Boakye,提示答案定位在第四段第一句话。,解析:问题提问,Sam,Boakye,的话是什么意思?通过定位可以找到,Sam,Boakye,的那段话,即,if youre surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.,这句话前面的插入语,-the only black student on his freshman year floor-,介绍了,Sam,Boakye,作为黑人学生的背景,帮助我们理解之前那句话:如果你的周围都是白人,那么一定会去证明些什么,言下之意就是选项,D“,白人同伴的存在会激励黑人学生更加努力地去取得成功”。而选项,A, B, C,在文中没有明确提及。本题选项,C,有个干扰信息“,the freshman year”,,在原文中出现。某些考生看到这个词,不假思索就选择了这个选项,但没有搞懂原文的意思,导致错误选择。请考生留意。,Passage One,59. What does the Indian University study show?,答案:,A. Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out,。,关键词:,Indian University, more likely,定位:题干中出现的机构名称,Indian University,提示答案定位在第七段第一句话。,解析:问题提问,Indian University,的研究显示了什么?通过定位可以发现研究结果显示,Interracial roommate were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together,,与选项,A,中的,more likely to fall out,对应,因此选择,D,。此处,,fall out,应该理解为“散伙,分开”有些考生可能因为不理解意思而产生歧义,请考生留意。,Passage One,60. What does Alec,Webley,consider to be the “definition of integration”,?,答案:,D. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race,。,关键词:,Alec,Webley, definition of integration,定位:题干出现的人名,Alec,Webley,提示答案定位在第十段第一句。,解析:通过定位找到人名,人名后出现“,This is the definition of integration”,,由“,this”,可知人名前就是我们要找的答案,即,the process throws you together randomly,,“,throw you together randomly”,与“,randomly assign”,对应。意思与选项,D,符合。因此,此处选择,D,。,Passage One,61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?,答案:,A. It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study,。,关键词:,Grace Kao, generalizations,定位:题干中出现的人名,Grace Kao,以及,generalizations,提示答案定位在文章最后一段。根据最后一段意思:要得出,Interracial lodging,的一般规律,需要对学生的背景特征有更多的研究,与选项,D,的意思相同。而选项,ABC,在文中没有明确提及。,Passage Two,本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自,Global Humanitarian Forum,的报告展开的,在解题之前,通过对,5,个题干的浏览,以及在原文中的定位,可以发现,这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题的。每一个题干中都有大写的字母,这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词,也是定位词,可以有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位,节省答题时间。,62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?,答案:,B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming,。,关键词:,Global Humanitarian Forum,定位:第一段、第二段,解析:一般而言,四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则,此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。在文章的第一段,第一行,我们看到“, 300,000 deaths and about $ 125 billion ”,,根据这里,我们可以把答案锁定在选项,A(economic,),和选项,B (Rates of death),,然后我们接着往下看,可以发现,第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了,而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题,如第二段的第三行“, death rates from illnesses ”,。所以,最后正确的选项是,B,。,Passage Two,63. What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?,答案:,A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts,。,关键词:,learn,、,Forums report,定位:第三段,解析:根据顺序原则,我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了,63,题的答案。第三段的第一行就讲到“,the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk”,,这和,A,选项是完全相一致的,,challenged,是,criticism,的同义替换。,B,选项中的“,interest”,表示“兴趣”,主要用于好的事物,这里讲的都是对,the Forums,repor,的批评,显然就不合适了。,C,选项表达的意思跟原文正好相反,这个是肯定要排除的。然后,有的同学可能会选到,D,选项,可能是受到文中第四段“, primarily in poor countries ,were being seriously effected ”,这句话的影响。但是,D,选项中“,a big stir”“,一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。,Passage Two,64. What does Dr.,Pielke,say about the Forums report?,答案:,B. It is invalid in terms of methodology,。,关键词:,Dr.,Pielke,、,say,定位:第五段,解析:在第五段,我们可以很快找到,Pielke,,然后找到他说的话,第二行“,the Forums report was a methodological embarrassment”,,然后在第六行“,but the report, he,saidwill,harm the it is so deeply flawed”,。根据这两句话,选项中,invalid,是,flawed,的同义替换, 我们可以很容易地选到,B,。,Passage Two,65. What is,Soren,Andreasens,view of the report?,答案:,D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders,。,关键词:,Soren,Andreasen,定位:第六段,解析:在第六段的第二行和第三行,可以看到“,the number were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders ”,,根据这两句话,我们就能较轻松地将正确答案锁定在,D,选项。,Passage Two,66. What does,Kofi,Annan,say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?,答案:,D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards,。,关键词:,Kofi,Annan,、,focus of the Copenhagen conference,定位:第七段,(,即文中的最后一段,),解析:最后一段是,Kofi,Annan,说的一段话。我们在最后一段的第二行,,focus on,后面“, from rich to poor regions to help reduce ”,后面的内容就无需再花时间去看了,因为他,focus(,关注,),的地方,在此就已经陈述清楚了,正确答案就是,D,。,Part V Cloze,Eating smart,科学饮食 *,smart,聪明的,高明的,nutrient,营养物质 *,nutrition n. Nutritious a.,A straightforward approach,直截了当的解决方案,Straightforward a. & adv.,坦率的,(,地,),,直截了当的,(,地,),Disease in general,一般,/,通常的疾病,Convey,运送,表达,e.g. convey goods convey my best regards,whole grains,全谷物,Plant-based compound,以植物为主的混合物,Part V Cloze,Be vital to,对,至关重要的,*,Vital,极重要的,生命攸关的,致命的,interact with,相互作用,互动,interaction n.,Reckon,认为,看作,e.g. I reckon: I think reckon,sb,. (to,be):regard,sb,. as,the heart-healthy track,心脏健康之路,Lean meat,瘦肉,realm,领域,范围,方面,contribute to your well-being,对你的健康产生影响,Without a doubt : no doubt, undoubtedly,Have/make an impact on,对,产生影响,从第一段中,我们可以获得全文主旨:科学饮食的真谛是从大处着眼,,67.,第二段首句有个定语从句:科学饮食远不止分析每一口放到嘴里的饭。这里要选择一个介词,,lift,的原意是高举,在这里的意思就是“放到嘴边”,,to,表示方向。,between,表示在某某之间,不合题意。,inside,表示静态,与,lift,这个动作相矛盾。同理,,B,选项,through,,表示穿过,,lift,这个动作,到嘴边就结束了,并没有穿过嘴巴。,68.,按照原文的逻辑,接下来的一句话,表达过去人们如何如何,是为了给出“靶子”加以批评,所以,我们需要继续往后读,读到作者提倡的做法,然后反向理解一下,便可选出答案。,69.,根据语法搭配,只有,key,才可以和后面的,to,相搭配,所以选择,A,选项。,70.,句首的,but,,是题眼,表达对比之意,所以,下文开始讲述“另一种”“不同的”饮食习惯。因此,选择,B,选项,,different,。,71.,这里是个不定式短语,需要一个动词,由宾语,heart disease,可知,“,prevent”(,预防,),是最佳搭配。,72.,考察和,general,搭配的介词,只有,in,符合语法。,73.,需要一个动词和,on,搭配,语法上四个选项都可以搭配,只能从词义上判断,,turn on,表示打开,,focus on,表示注重,,put on,表示穿衣,,carry on,表示执行。根据宾语,“更广的层面”,可知应该选择,focus on,。,74.,需要一个和“时间段”搭配的介词,,over a period of time,表示一段时间以来,符合题意。,75.,这里表示“是什么而不是什么”,应该用,rather than,才能准确达意。,76.,这是个分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的“,this or that”,,这里的,this or that,代指食物。,convey,是表达,不搭配。,enter,可以表示“输入,记下”,也不和食物搭配。和食物搭配的只有,B,和,D,,,consume,表示,消费或消耗。,exhaust,表示耗尽。很明显,这里的食物并不会耗尽,所以只能选,B,选项。,这里我们可以回过头来,看一下第,68,题,文章的主旨是,“,Scientist now focus on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten over several days or a week”,即“科学家现在注重最近几天内的均衡饮食”,与此能够形成对比的,“单个营养元素的定量摄入”,这里能表达特定量的词只有“,certain”,或者“,specific”,,这里用,certain,更自然,但是没有提供选项,因此就只能选择,specific,,表示“特定的”。,77.,需要个形容词,做后置定语,和,for good health,搭配,这里只有,vital,能和,for,搭配,表示“对,重要”。,78.,这里是一个,The morethe more,的固定表达,表示“越,越,”,,这里用,amazed,表达科研人员,对新发现所产生的“惊奇之感”。,79.,这里的,they,表示食物,结合后面的动词,构成定语从句,修饰“必备营养元素”,这里的用,contain,才能准确达意,“食物包含必备营养元素”,80.,需要一个动词和,with,搭配,只能选择,A,和,B,,但从语义上判断,必备营养元素之间会相互反应,肯定不会相互干扰。因此只能选择,interact,。,81.,这里需要一个介词和,track,搭配,只有,on the right track,才符合语法,82.,这里根据题意,“蔬菜、水果和谷物构成了饭菜的四分之三”,这里,make up,表达“构成”之意。,83.,这里需要一个动词,宾语是“剩余的四分之一”,从语义上理解,我们需要选择“填充”,因此,,fill in,是符合语法的。,84.,这里需要一个动词,结合题意,这个空应该表达“不吃”,才能和前面的,eat,形成对比,这里的,avoid,,表达避免的意思,比,delete(,删除,),更切题。,85.,文章在最后一句,要下一个结论,这里用,without a doubt,表达“毫无疑问”,符合题目要求。,86.,这里需要一个名词,和,on,搭配,只有,impact,符合题意。,总之,今年四级的完型填空,涉及,3,处名词,,5,处介词,,7,处动词,,4,处形容词和,1,处副词。,只有,1,题,(,第,68,题,),需要整体把握,其余部分只要在句子内部或者句子之间进行上下文逻辑比对或语法搭配,即可完成。,Part VI Translation,87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, nor did they make any explanation / nor did they give the reason for doing so (,也没有解释为什么,),。,解析:本题考察了两个知识点。,nor,的倒装句用法,后半句表示“也不”的否定意义,注意助动词的时态与上半句保持一致; 对某事做出解释的表达,考察了汉译英中动词转名词的技巧,,explain explanation,,或者,nor did they give the reason for doing so,同样可以。,88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she could be assigned (to) another job(,能被分配做另一项工作,),解析:本题考察了,wish,从句的虚拟语气用法,(,cancould,),和“分配某人做某事”的词组搭配,,assign,sb,. to,sth,.,或者,assign,sb,.,sth,。,89. John rescued the drowning child at the risk of his own life (,冒着自己生命危险,),。,解析:本题考察了“冒着,的危险,/,风险做某事”的词组搭配,可以用,at the risk / expense of ones own life(,冒着某人的生命危险做某事,),90. George called his boss from the airport but it was his assistant who answered / picked up the phone,;,turned out that his assistant answered / picked up the phone(,接电话的却是他的助手,),解析:该句比较灵活,在句法上,既可以使用强调句结构,也可以采用,turn out,的惯用搭配;在“接电话”的表达上,可以用,pick up / answer the phone,。强调句结构为,it be,sb,. who do,sth,. ,而,turn out,变化则较多,可以用,turn out to be,sb,. who do,sth,。或者,turn out + that +,从句。,91. Although he was interested in philosophy, his father persuaded him into / talked him into(,他的父亲说服他,)majoring in law,。,解析:本题考察“说服某人做某事”的表达,,persuade / talk,sb,. into doing,sth,。,整体评价:今年,6,月的翻译题难度适中,,89,和,91,题的词组搭配是拿分题,而,87,题的倒装结构和,88,题的虚拟语气用法也是广大四级考生的“老朋友”,不熟悉实在说不过去,
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