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,1. Warm-up Questions,2. Background Information,3. White Lies,Before,Reading_Main,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Three Types of Doctors,4. Introductory Remarks,About Medicine,About Doctors,Other Medical Workers,Definition of a White Lie,Pair Work on White Lies,Before Reading_1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Warm-up Questions,1.,2.,3.,Have you ever been to hospital? What did you think of the doctors attitude?,Have you ever thought of being a doctor? Why or why not?,Suppose you are seriously ill, do you want the doctor to tell you the truth or not? Why?,Before Reading_1_about Medicine,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,About Medicine,Medicine is the practice of maintaining of health and preventing, alleviating, or curing of disease. WHO, or the World Health Organization, declared that health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease”. Obviously the goal of medicine is to maintain health.,Before Reading_1_about doctors,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,About Doctors,Doctors refer to physicians and other medical healers. In the United States they are called health care professionals, which include physicians, surgeons, dentists. Most of them work in health care services, which involve diagnosing and treating patients. Others work mainly in researching, teaching, or administration of medical facilities.,Before Reading_1_Three types of doctors,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Three Types of Doctors,General practitioners:,(,全科医生,),They may not have special training in any particular medical field, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness.,Specialists:,(,专家，专科医生,),Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.,Before Reading_1_three,types of doctors,2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Researchers:,(,医学研究人员,),Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.,Before Reading_1_other medical workers,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Other Medical Workers,Physician,内科医生,Surgeon,外科医生,Before,Reading_1_other medical workers,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Other Medical Workers,Dentist,牙医,Intern, Resident, Chief Resident,实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师,Nurse, Head Nurse,护士，护士长,Before,Reading_1_other medical workers,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Other Medical Workers,Veterinarian (Vet),兽医,Quack,江湖游医,A white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified, or even praiseworthy, if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it is told. Quite often, a doctors lie is thought to be a case in point.,Before,Reading_lies,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Definition of a White Lie,1. Compile a list of situations in which you think a white lie would be justified.,2. Recall occasions on which you have told a white lie and explain why it was,justified.,3. Discuss about the would-be benefits and would-be costs about white lies.,Before,Reading_Iies,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Pair Work on White Lies,Before,Reading_India,_ introductory remarks,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Introductory Remarks,When treating seriously ill patients, many doctors think that it is best not to tell them the truth about their condition. These doctors sincerely believe that they have good reasons to tell lies for the patients own benefit.,But the author of this article takes a different view on this issue. She gives several reasons why patients, especially those who are dying, should be told the truth. She also discusses the great harm doctors lies do not only to their patients, but also to the doctors themselves and to the entire medical profession.,And in the last paragraph of the article, the author urges that an open debate be held on this issue.,Globe,Reading_main,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,1. Part Division of the Text,2. Group Presentation,3. Further Understanding,For Part 1,For Part 2,Blank Filling,Multiple Choice,True or False,For Part 3,Globe,Reading._Questions,About the Text1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Part Division of the Text,Main Ideas,Lines,Parts,1,126,2,2755,3,5671,Doctors reasons for telling lies,The authors reasons why patients should be told the truth,The author urges that an open debate be held on this issue.,After Reading_,4,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Group Presentation,1) Doctors reasons for telling lies,Lies may benefit,Lies may help speed,Such lies differ,The seriously ill dont want to know,Telling them the truth risks,After learning the truth of their condition, patients may more slowly or,faster, perhaps even,will “do no harm” and may well help their patients.,Divide the class into two groups. Ask the first group to go over the first part of the text and find out the reasons why some doctors tell lies to their seriously ill patients and ask the second group to go over the second part of the text and look for the authors reasons why patients should be told the truth.,the patient,_.,recovery,_.,sharply from self-serving ones,_.,the truth about their condition,_.,destroying their hope,_.,recover,_,deteriorate,_,commit suicide,_.,Deceptive practices,_,Evidence is now being provided that it is that lies can be helpful.,Studies show that an overwhelming majority of do want to be told the truth and that they feel betrayed when they learn that they have been kept,Truthful information, , helps patients illness. It helps them better, need less medicine, and even after surgery.,Lies invade the and render them make informed choices concerning their own health. Dying patients who are lied to about their condition cant,Lies also do harm to doctors and their,Lies also those doctors who are,Lies the entire,After Reading_,4,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,2) The authors reasons why patients should be told the truth,untrue,_,patients,_,in the dark,_.,humanely conveyed,_,cope with,_,tolerate pain,_,recover faster,_,autonomy of patients,_,unable to,_,make decisions about the end of life,_.,integrity,_,credibility,_.,hurt,_,honest with their patients,_.,injure,_,medical profession,_.,1. The author wants to tell us in this part _.,A) why doctors dont always tell the truth,B) the benefits of not knowing the seriousness of an illness,C) why sometimes doctors lie especially to seriously ill patients,D) to have a routine physical checkup,Globe Reading._ multiple1,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Multiple Choice,KEY,Globe Reading_,multiple2,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,2. Some doctors practice deception because they believe that _.,A) telling the patients the truth may destroy their hope of recovery,B) their lies are absolutely different from self-serving ones,C) the seriously ill dont want to know the truth about their condition,D) all of the above,KEY,3. Studies show that doctors deception about the seriousness of an illness_.,A) may destroy the patients hope of recovery,B) make a patient recover faster,C) make a patient commit suicide,D) make a patient feel better,KEY,Globe Reading_,multiple3,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,4. Patients most easily misled are those who are_.,A) going to be operated on,B) dying,C) just entering hospital,D) recovering slowly,KEY,Globe,Reading._true,or false,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,True or False,People have fully understood the harmfulness of doctors deception.,Truthful information, properly expressed, can help patients deal with illness better.,In the authors eyes, it is not such a bad thing sometimes when patients are not told the truth.,1.,2.,3.,F,(,),But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented.,T,( ),F,(,),We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.,Globe Reading._,true or false,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Lies only do harm to seriously ill patients.,4.,F,(,),Lies not only do harm to patients, but also to those who tell them.,T,Doctors deception to patients contributes to the spiral of lawsuits.,( ),5.,Globe,Reading._blank,filling,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Blank Filling,Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to answers from doctors and they require that they should be informed about for treatment. Though most doctors to provide true information to their patients, some are still trying practices. It is especially difficult for nurses to on this issue because they feel,The author asks for an open about this issue not only in medicine but also in other . Many doctors have to avoid the serious through deception. Eventually lies will spread and trust. So the public should be professional deception.,Listen to the following paragraph from the text and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.,Directions:,press for,_,alternatives,_,go to great lengths,_,age-old,_,take a stand,_,powerless,_.,debate,_,professions,_,erode,_,wary of,_,consequences,_,Article_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his,patients,? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them.,Article1_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death?,In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.,To Lie or Not To Lie The Doctors Dilemma,Sissela,Bok,Article2_S,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?,Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.,Article3_S,Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.,As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sake, and that is as far as possible do no harm. ”,Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients.,They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Article4_S,But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented.,Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place.,We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.,Article5_S,Dying patients especially who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.,Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Article6_S,Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting.,Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Article7_S,There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust.,Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you dont know cant hurt you.”,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Article1_w,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to,conceal,the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to,expose,corruption,or to,promote,the public interest.,To Lie or Not To Lie The Doctors,Dilemma,Sissela,Bok,Article2_w,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the,gravity,of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?,Doctors,confront,such choices often and urgently.,At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake;,in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.,Article3_w,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sake, and that is as far as possible do no harm. ”,Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and,distort,grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.,Article4_w,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that,contrary to,the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them,tolerate,pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.,Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by,advocates,of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and,render,them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.,Article5_w,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Dying patients especially who are easiest to mislead and most often,kept,in the dark, can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should,bring,their affairs,to a close,and take leave.,Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and,in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The,suspicion,of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine,” and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.,Article6_w,Before Reading
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