概要写作

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Summary writing,What is the short video mainly about?,green walls and rooftop gardens,Reason:,Benefits:,limited space,beautify the surroundings,provide the shade and make the building cooler in summer,概要,+,写作,Summarize + Write,1,、,to figure out the,style and the structure,2,、,to analyze each paragraph,1、,paraphrase,2,、,link sentences,with connectives,概要,+,写作,Summarize + Write,1、,2,、,to figure out the style and the structure,to analyze each paragraph,Introduction,Body,Conclusion,Style,：,A,Narration,B,Argumentation,C,Exposition,Exposition:,a type of writing to,introduce,inform,or,explain,Argumentation:,a type of writing to,convince,or,persuade,1,2 3 4,5,structure,：,“,reap,”,method,1）,R,ethink the logical relationship of sentences,2）,E,xplore the division of the paragraph,3）,A,void unnecessary information,details; examples;,4）,P,ut together the key information,“,reap,”,method,Para1,With limited space for parks and gardens, architects and city planners often find it challenging to include greenery in neighborhoods in cities. One creative solution is to grow plants on unused areas like walls and rooftops. It,s a popular idea, and now rooftop gardens and green walls have been sprouting up（大量冒出）in cities around the world.,1 2 3,solution,problem,result,limited space,;,rooftop gardens and green walls,;,have been sprouting up,Because of limited space,rooftop gardens and green walls,have been sprouting up,.,limited space,grow plants on unused areas like walls and rooftops,rooftop gardens and green walls have been sprouting up,Para2:,There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment what was once a gray cement,（水泥）,wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The CaxiaForum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.,There are many benefits; create a pleasant environment,1 2 3,the topic sentences,example,There are many benefits. One of them is to create a pleasant environment.,There are many benefits,create a pleasant environment,1）,R,ethink the logical relationship of sentences,2）,E,xplore the division of the paragraph,3）,A,void unnecessary information,details; examples;,4）,P,ut together the key information,“,reap,”,method,Group work:,To,reap,more , please analyze paragraph3&4,using my “reap” method.,Para3:,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer. Buildings and roads absorb the sun,s heat and hold it, causing a building or neighborhood to stay warmer longer. Plants, on the other hand, provide an enormous amount of shade. There is evidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lower a building,s energy costs.,1 2 3 4,the topic,sentence,the result,the reason,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer,lower a building,s energy costs,.,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer,and,lower a building,s energy costs,.,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can,also keep cities cooler in the summer.,lower a,building,s energy costs.,Para4:,In New York City, public schools plant rooftop gardens that can reduce heating and cooling costs. In addition to saving the school money, teachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value it,s a fun and healthy way for their kids to investigate the world around them. “For the children, it,s exciting when you grow something edible（可食用的）, ” said Lauren Fontana, principal of a New York public school.,1 2 3,repetition,details,the key sentence,T,eachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value,teachers and parents love the,gardens because of their educational value,Para5,：,Rooftop gardens and green walls may require a bit more effort to grow and maintain. However, hard work always brings rewards, and with green spaces, the rewards are plentiful.,1 2,require a bit more effort to grow and maintain,;,brings plentiful rewards,They require a bit more effort, but bring plentiful rewards.,require a bit more effort to grow and maintain,brings rewards,plentiful,“Reap” method,para1,Because of limited space,rooftop gardens and green walls,have been sprouting up,.,para2,There are many benefits. One of them is to create a pleasant environment.,para3,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer and lower a buildings energy costs.,para4,Teachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value,para5,They require a bit more efforts, but bring plentiful rewards.,paraphrase,Part2 Write,Tip1: change words and phrases,（替换字词）,Tip2:,change the part of speech,（改变词性）,Tip3,：,change sentence patterns,（改变句式）,1,）、用主动与被动互换,2,）、,which,的非限制性定语从句,3,）、,非谓语表达,4,）、,并列句,5,）、,It,形式主语,或者,宾语,6,）、,状语从句,以及状语从句的,省略,7,）、强调句等特殊句式,8,）、反向表达,How to,paraphrase,the key points,？,Paraphrase,the key points,Para. 1:,Because of,limited space,rooftop gardens and green walls,have,been sprouting up,.,1.,_limited space,rooftop gardens and green walls,have,_.,（,替换字词,）,Due to,2.,_,(lack),space,the cities,have witnessed,the popularity of,rooftop gardens and green walls,.,（非谓语表原因）,emerged/appeared/enjoyed popularity,Lacking in/lacking,3. With space _(become limited),rooftop gardens and green walls have emerged/appeared/enjoyed popularity.,(with,结构,),becoming limited,Paraphrase,the key points,Para2,：,There are,many benefits,. One of them is to,create a pleasant environment.,（,替换字词,）,numerous/many/lots of advantages;,offer; provide; foster; agreeable/enjoyable/joyful/delightful surroundings,There are,numerous advantages,one of which,is to,offer an agreeable,/enjoyable,surroundings.,Combine them together with,non-restrictive clause.,Paraphrase,the key points,Para3:,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also,keep cities cooler,in the summer,and,lower a buildings energy costs.,Para4:,Teachers and parents,love,the gardens because of their educational,value.,Para5:,They,require,a bit more efforts, but,bring,plentiful rewards.,Paraphrase,the key points,Para3:,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also,keep cities cooler,in the summer,and,lower a buildings energy costs.,1.,_a buildings energy _.,3.,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops,can,cool the city in the summer,thus,_,（,cut down,）,the,expense,in energy.,cut down/decrease/reduce/lessen,（用非谓语动词表结果）,2.,Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also _cities in the summer.,（改变词性）,expense/spending,cool,（同义替换）,cutting down,Para4:,Teachers and parents,love,the gardens because of their educational,value,1.,Teachers and parents _ the gardens for their educational function.,（替换字词）,2.,The gardens_ _ by teachers and parents,（转变语态）,prefer/like/ value,are valued for their educational function/role,3._the gardens educational value _attracts teachers and parents .,(,强调句,),4. The,gardens plays an important role in education, _attracts teachers and parents.,(,定语从句,),5.,The gardens plays an important role in education, thus _teachers and parents.,(,非谓语表结果,),It is,that,which,Paraphrase,the key points,appealing to,Para5:,They,require,a bit more efforts, but,bring,plentiful rewards.,They require a bit more efforts, but _,_.,3.,_ (make more efforts),can green gardens produce ample rewards.,4.Though more efforts_, we will receive abundant rewards.,（转变语态）,（替换字词）,2.,Though,tricky/hard to handle/maintain, green gardens are truly _.,（换词性）,produce/create,rewarding,Only by making more efforts,（,only,倒装句）,are required,Paraphrase,the key points,/ensure abundant/many/plenty of benefits,Link sentences with connectives,to make a passage,Introduction,(topic,）,B,ody,（,benefits,）,Conclusion,(results),Due to the limited space in cities, rooftop gardens and green walls have emerged. _is to offer an agreeable surroundings. _, shade can be created to make cities stay cooler longer, thus reducing the costs in energy._, green,gardens in school bear educational value of childrens exploring the world._,though hard to maintain, green spaces in cities ensure abundant rewards.,One benefit,Besides,Additionally,In conclusion,How to write a summary,Tips,To figure out the style and the structure,Paraphrase,Summarize,To analyze each paragraph using “reap” method,1.,R,ethink the logical relationship of sentences,2.,E,xplore the division of the paragraph,3.,A,void unnecessary information,details; examples;,4.,P,ut together the key information,Write,Link sentences with connectives,Homework,Write a summary of a passage using the skills we have learnt.,