高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态湘西州民族中学秦文鹏教学课件

高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态湘高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态湘西州民族中学秦文鹏西州民族中学秦文鹏6、露露凝凝无无游游氛氛，天天高高风风景景澈澈。7、翩翩翩翩新新来来燕燕，双双双双入入我我庐庐，先先巢巢故故尚尚在在，相相将将还还旧旧居居。8、吁吁嗟嗟身身后后名名，于于我我若若浮浮烟烟。9、陶陶渊渊明明（约约365年年427年年），字字元元亮亮，（又又一一说说名名潜潜，字字渊渊明明）号号五五柳柳先先生生，私私谥谥“靖靖节节”，东东晋晋末末期期南南朝朝宋宋初初期期诗诗人人、文文学学家家、辞辞赋赋家家、散散文文家家。汉汉族族，东东晋晋浔浔阳阳柴柴桑桑人人（今今江江西西九九江江）。曾曾做做过过几几年年小小官官，后后辞辞官官回回家家，从从此此隐隐居居，田田园园生生活活是是陶陶渊渊明明诗诗的的主主要要题题材材，相相关关作作品品有有饮饮酒酒、归归园园田田居居、桃桃花花源源记记、五五柳柳先先生生传传、归归去去来来兮兮辞辞等等。10、倚倚南南窗窗以以寄寄傲傲，审审容容膝膝之之易易安安。ConceptConcept一般式 进行式完成式完成进行式现在过去将来过去将来以work 为例worksworkedwill workwould workis/am/areworkingwas/wereworkingwill beworkingwould beworkinghave/hasworkedhad workedwill haveworkedwould haveworkedhave/has beenworkinghad beenworkingwill have beenworkingwould have beenworkingConceptConceptwork 的现在完成进行式have/has donebe doing have/has been doingConceptConceptwork 的一般将来完成进行式will dohave/has done be doingwill have been doingConceptConceptfinish 的将来完成进行式的被动态will dohave/has donebe doingbe donewill have been being finishedRules 1Rules 11.Our maths teacher has a big nose.2.We get up at 6:00 every morning.客观性，经常性，永恒性客观性，经常性，永恒性Rules 1Rules 13.The plane for London leaves at 7:30 next Monday 4.If it rains tomorrow,will you still go？1.固定时刻表或事先安排的动作固定时刻表或事先安排的动作2.时间状语从句、条件状语从句中：时间状语从句、条件状语从句中：代替一般将来式代替一般将来式Rules 2Rules 21.My brother is reading an interesting novel these days.2.I dont really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.阶段性，暂时性，过程性，进行性阶段性，暂时性，过程性，进行性Rules 2Rules 23.You are always helping me whenever I am in trouble.4.She is leaving for Guangzhou next week.1.与与always,constantly,forever等连用带强烈感情色彩。等连用带强烈感情色彩。2.可以表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。可以表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。Rules 3Rules 31.They have just cleaned the classroom.(即：即：The room is clean now.)2.I havent seen him since he left home.过去动作，联系现在过去动作，联系现在Rules 3Rules 33.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped completely.4.I have kept the dictionary for 10 days.(不能用不能用have borrowed)1.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时 已经完成的动作。已经完成的动作。2.瞬间动词不与瞬间动词不与“for时间时间”段连用段连用Rules 4Rules 41.Ive been sitting here all day.2.Why?Tom,your shirt is so dirty?Mom,I have been cleaning my store room downstairs.持续不断，或许还在进行持续不断，或许还在进行Rules 5Rules 51.We visited the factory last Friday.2.Oh,its you.I didnt recognize you at first.回顾过去，对比现在回顾过去，对比现在Rules 5Rules 53.If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it rained all day.4.I had planed to come back last night,but I had an unexpected visitor.5.I would rather you came here tomorrow.6.Its time that we left for school now.虚拟语气用法Rules 6Rules 61.He was watching TV this time yesterday.2.Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.暂时性，过程性暂时性，过程性Rules 6Rules 63.My grandfather was always forgetting things.4.I was wondering if you could answer my question.1.与与always,constantly,forever等连用带强烈感情色彩等连用带强烈感情色彩2.表礼貌表礼貌Rules 7Rules 71.I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.2.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.明显的过去的过去明显的过去的过去Rules 7Rules 73.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.=No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.4.They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.5.I would rather you had not come here yesterday.虚拟语气用法Rules 8Rules 81.I will be 17 next month.2.Sorry,I forgot to post your letter.It doesnt matter.I will go and post it myself.will/shall do 表示：表示：1.单纯的将来；单纯的将来；2.临时的打算临时的打算Rules 9Rules 91.Ann is in hospital.Yes,I know.Im going to visit her tomorrow.2.Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.be going todo 表示：表示：1.说话时早已打算做；说话时早已打算做；2.根据客观迹象预示着根据客观迹象预示着Rules 10Rules 101.The president is to visit the school next week.2.You are to do your homework before you watch TV.(相当于相当于should,ought to)be todo 表示：表示：1.强制性强制性“务必要务必要”；2.2.“想要想要”；3.“注定要注定要”等情态意味等情态意味3.They were never to meet again.Rules 11Rules 11I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.be about to dowhen表示：表示：正要做某事时突然正要做某事时突然Rules 12Rules 121.What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?2.You can use my bike.I wont be needing it tomorrow.will be doing将来某刻正在进行将来某刻正在进行Rules 13Rules 131.By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.2.By the time you arrive in New York,you will have been away for two weeks.will have done 将来某时已完成将来某时已完成Rules 14Rules 141.He said he would come and help me if necessary.2.I didnt know if she was going to see us off.would do过去支点，预言未来过去支点，预言未来Distinction 1Distinction 11.On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi.2.This is not my coat.Mine is hanging behind the door.一般现在时表示一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性经常性的、习惯性的或的或状态性状态性的行为。的行为。而现在进行时则具有而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性进行性、未完成性和和暂时性暂时性的特点。的特点。2010重庆卷重庆卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.Aremains Bis remainedCis remaining Dhas been remainedADistinction 2Distinction 21.I stayed in Beijing for five days.Then I went to America.一般过去时所表达的事件一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果对现在的影响和结果。2.I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next.Distinction 2Distinction 2l2010北京卷北京卷 Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?lSorry，I _myself clear.We want to return on October 20.lAhadnt made Bwouldnt makelCdont make Dhavent madel D本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白，抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白，强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。1.I read a book last month.2.I was reading a book last month.一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段或时间段正在做正在做某事。进行时具有某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性进行性、未完成性和和暂时性暂时性的特点。的特点。Distinction 3Distinction 3Distinction 4Distinction 41.The moment I got home,I found I had left my jacket on the playground.判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去过去”的的时间点或动作时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作还有没有另一个动作，并且判断该句是否强调，并且判断该句是否强调发生在发生在前。前。Distinction 5Distinction 5完成进行时是完成进行时是完成时完成时和和进行时进行时的结合体，的结合体，除了有完成时的基本特征，更强调动作的持续性。除了有完成时的基本特征，更强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的完成时强调动作的结果结果，完成进行时强调动作的，完成进行时强调动作的延续延续。l Why does the river smell terrible?l Because the water_.lAhave polluted Bis being pollutedlChas been polluted Dhave been pollutedl【解析】【解析】C考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是the water，谓语动词用单数，选，谓语动词用单数，选C。TenseTense动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态主动语态和和被动被动语态语态。被动语态由。被动语态由“助动词助动词be 过去分词过去分词”构成，构成，不同的时态通过不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。的不同形式体现。常用被动语常用被动语态态 构成构成(以以ask为为例例)常用被动语常用被动语态态 构成构成1 一般一般现在在时6 过去进行时过去进行时 2 一般一般过去去时7 现在完成时现在完成时 3 一般将来一般将来时8 过去完成时过去完成时 4 过去将来去将来时9 将来完成时将来完成时 5 现在在进行行时10 含有情态动含有情态动词的被动语词的被动语态态RuleRuleam/is/are askedwas/were askedshall/will be askedwould be askedam/is/are being askedwas/were being askedhave/has been askedhad been askedwill/would have been askedcan/must/may be askedNotes1.被动语态的否定式是在被动语态的否定式是在第一个第一个助动词或情态动词后加助动词或情态动词后加not，别漏掉短语动词的，别漏掉短语动词的介词或副词。介词或副词。如：如：Trees should not be planted in summer.The boy was made fun of by his classmates.2.“get 过去分词过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：如：She got married last week.He fell off the car and got killed.3.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is said thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that4.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen,take place,last,break out,come about,come out等。如：等。如：The book came out last year.The meeting lasted about 4 hours without reaching any agreement.Notes5.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep等都没有被动语态。如：等都没有被动语态。如：The food tastes good.The cloth feels soft.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.6.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,open,lock,shut,dry,start。这类动词一。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：The book sells well.这本书很畅销。这本书很畅销。My pen wont write.我的笔写不出字来。我的笔写不出字来。This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。这种外衣容易干。The door wont lock.这门锁不上。这门锁不上。The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。引擎发动不起来。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。这布很耐洗。12010上海卷上海卷 The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.A.has restored B.has been restoredC.is restoring D.is being restored【解析解析】D本题考查被动语态。本题考查被动语态。restore意为意为“修修复复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，选修复中，选D。实战演练22009北京卷北京卷 John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school.A.took B.had takenC.were taking D.would take【答案答案】B32009辽宁卷辽宁卷 Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair_ all day.Could you speak to her now?A.phones B.has phonedC.has been phoning D.phoned【解析解析】C考查现在完成进行时。由考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一可以看出一直在打电话，此时仍然直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行，选并仍在进行，选C。实战演练42009天津卷天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live【解析解析】A考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句句“一直在香港住一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，选实，选A。实战演练5.Hi,Lucy,you look tired.Im really tired.I _the living room all day.ApaintedBhad paintedChave been paintingDhave been painted【解析解析】C表示我一整天都在刷房子，表示我一整天都在刷房子，应该用现在完成进行时。应该用现在完成进行时。实战演练 62009上海卷上海卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities,people _not to touch any unattended bag.A.had always been warnedB.were always being warnedC.are always warningD.always warned【解析解析】B根据时间状语可知是指过去，根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示表示“一种感情色彩一种感情色彩”，并且，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。实战演练 7He_ football regularly for many years when he was young.A.was playing B.playedC.has played D.had played【解析解析】B考查考生对题干中句子含义的理考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years”很多同学推断出应为现在完很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但成时，但“when he was young”这个时间状语这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由“regularly”可知他过去经常打球，是一种过去可知他过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，选的习惯性的动作，选B。实战演练 82010全国卷全国卷 Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A.be set B.setC.are set D.are setting【解析解析】C考查动词时态语态。考查动词时态语态。make sure意为意为“确信，确保确信，确保”，set tables意为意为“摆摆放桌子放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。，结合语境应用被动形式。实战演练 92010全国卷全国卷 Excuse me.I_ I was blocking your way.Adidnt realize Bdont realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing【解析解析】A考查动词时态。这里应用一考查动词时态。这里应用一般过去时表示说话之前般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到没有意识到”。实战演练 10My friend went to Canada three years ago.He_ there for a few months and then went to America.Awas living Bhas lived Cwas lived Dlived【解析解析】D句意为：我的朋友三年前去了加句意为：我的朋友三年前去了加拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美国。拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美国。由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去，由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去，且已经结束，故用一般过去时。且已经结束，故用一般过去时。实战演练112010四川卷四川卷 When shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan.A.will finish B.are finishingC.are to finish D.have finished【解析解析】D考查动词时态。状语从句用考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，所以用现在完成时所以用现在完成时。实战演练12Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?Who _it?A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written【解析解析】C本题考查时态。题干中的答句问本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的谁写的这本书？这本书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过去式。去式。13They_ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A.had got B.got C.have got D.get【解析解析】B本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张去加拿大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙去加拿大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙述事实，又发生在过去，选述事实，又发生在过去，选B。实战演练14The singer together with her band _invited to the concert.Did you enjoy that party?No,no sooner _than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby.A.was;I had left B.were;I have gone C.was;had I left D.were;did I leave【解析解析】C主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语(the singer)后面跟有后面跟有together with引起的短语，谓语动引起的短语，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，所以要用词与前面的主语一致，所以要用was；否定词；否定词no sooner和和than连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构，表示一连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一一就就”。实战演练152010四川卷四川卷 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A.will expect B.will be expectedC.expected D.were expected【解析解析】D考查动词时态。由语境考查动词时态。由语境“老师老师将批评你将批评你”，知道你没有完成应该做的，所，知道你没有完成应该做的，所以用过去时，以用过去时，expect sb.to do sth.意为意为“期期待某人做某事待某人做某事”，此处要用被动形式。，此处要用被动形式。实战演练162010全国卷全国卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No，I _ my homework all day yesterday.A.was doing B.would do C.had done D.do【解析解析】A考查动词时态。考查动词时态。all day yesterday是是信息词，暗示用过去进行信息词，暗示用过去进行时。实战演练172010福建卷福建卷 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.A.promised B.were promisedC.have promised D.have been promised【解析解析】D考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的时的时态可知此处的时态是现在时，又根据态是现在时，又根据before leaving their hometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果，可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果，所以该空应为现在完成时。所以该空应为现在完成时。实战演练182010安徽卷安徽卷 Weve spent too much money recently.Well，it isnt surprising.Our friends and relatives _ around all the time.A.are coming B.had comeC.were coming D.have been coming【解析解析】D考查时态。句意为：考查时态。句意为：“最近我们花钱最近我们花钱太多了。太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲戚来。戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和和all the time。实战演练192010北京卷北京卷 In the spoken English of some areas in the US,the“r”sounds at the end of the words _.A.are dropped B.dropC.are being dropped D.have dropped【解析解析】A本题考查动词的时态和语态。本题考查动词的时态和语态。the“r”sounds和和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一般现在时态。般现在时态。实战演练20Unfortunately,when I got to her flat,she _，so we had only a moment for a few words.A.just left B.had just leftC.has just left D.was just leaving【解析解析】D考查时态。从后半句的考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到达那可知，当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。时表示过去马上要发生的动作。实战演练21Has Tom already finished his new story?I have no idea.He _it last month.A.had written B.was writingC.would write D.wrote【解析解析】B本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B项。项。实战演练22How come your father can read books in German?Well,he _on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young.A.worked B.was workingC.had worked D.would work【解析解析】A考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3 years表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选A。实战演练23Whats the problem,Sir?You _at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.A.are driving B.driveC.were driving D.have been driving【答案答案】C实战演练24Are you still very busy?Yes，I _the report for the manager and it wont take long.A.have just finishedB.am just finishingC.had just finishedD.am just going to finish【解析解析】B考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据根据“it wont take long”推知，报告将要写完但并推知，报告将要写完但并没有写完。没有写完。实战演练实战演练25.Why didnt you let me know the latest news?Sorry,I was going to call you but I _ unexpected visitors.A.had B.have C.have had D.will have【解析】【解析】A经典题目，虚拟语境，陈述考点，表经典题目，虚拟语境，陈述考点，表示本想做某事但未完成，讲述原因时用陈述语气。示本想做某事但未完成，讲述原因时用陈述语气。26.You cant drive this car anymore,because obviously it _beyond repair.A.has been damaged B.has damaged C.had damaged D.had been repaired 【解析解析】A根据前半句的内容可知，此处根据前半句的内容可知，此处应该用现在完成时表示损坏动作对现在的影应该用现在完成时表示损坏动作对现在的影响，兼顾语态。响，兼顾语态。实战演练实战演练27.Because the shop _,all the Tshirts are sold at half price.A.has closed down B.closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down【解析】【解析】C这家商店还没有倒闭，只是即将倒闭。这家商店还没有倒闭，只是即将倒闭。用现在进行时表将来。用现在进行时表将来。28.Help me out in the kitchen and I _ you to a fresh pot of coffee.Sounds good.A.will treat B.treat C.am treating D.have treated【解析】【解析】A 祈使句祈使句+and sb.will do 句型句型实战演练29.Just an hour ago he was telling me on the phone that he _ home right after the work.A.comes B.came C.would come D.will come【解析】【解析】C 过去的时间支点是过去的时间支点是he was telling me,宾宾语从句的动作发生在后，用过去将来时。语从句的动作发生在后，用过去将来时。30.Tom is very happy in China during this period because his Chinese _ every day.A.has improved B.is improving C.improved D.is improved【解析】【解析】B 在中国的日子在中国的日子Tom的汉语水平天天在提高，的汉语水平天天在提高，用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。【考点透视】【考点透视】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。黑格尔32、希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。普列姆昌德33、希望是人生的乳母。科策布34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。郭沫若35、学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子不要学很多。洛克