高考英语专题讲座--非谓语动词课件

高考语法专题训练非谓语动词PPT一、非谓语动词的句法功能 成分类别主语表语定语宾语补语状语同位语独立成分不定式 Ving Ved 二、非谓语动词的形式(以make为例)语态与意义 形式与用法类别语态意义和用法主动语态被动语态Ving一般式(not)making(not)being made常表示“主动”和“进行”完成式(not)having madehaving been made表示Ving的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语不定式一般式(not)to maketo be made不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或(几乎)同时发生进行式to be making谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式动词的动作正在进行。完成式to have madeto have been made不定式的动作先于谓语动作。三、关于非谓语动词的几种被动形式的使用和区别被动形式意义与用法to beVed表示未做的被动动作或行为beingVed表示正在做或进行的被动动作或行为having beenVed表示先于某个动作的被动动作或行为(一般不用作后置定语)Ved表示被动的动作或行为，其动作可以先于主句动作，与主句动作同时进行或是主句动作之后的延续结果。一、不定式、Ving形式和Ved作不同句子成分的用法区别 1.不定式、Ving和Ved作状语的区别(1)不定式结构常用作目的状语，表示结果常见于下列搭配：soas to；suchas to；enough to；tooto；never to.，only to(通常是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果)。经典考题(全国)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.Alooked atBto look atCto looking at Dlook at解析：句意：当这位著名的女演员走进入教室时，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目的。答案：B(福建三地五校)She returned home from the office，only _ the door open and something missing.Ahas found Bto be found Cto find Dfound解析：由句意：她从办公室回到家，结果发现门开着，也丢了东西。知only to find作结果状语，表出乎意料的结果。答案：C(湖南十校联考)If the food tastes nice，well buy some；if _，_.Ano;no Bnot;notCnot;no Dno;not解析：第一空用not;if not表“如果不”，在此相当于if it doesnt taste nice；而第二空也用not，相当于we wont buy。答案：B(北京朝阳区)Peters mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again.Ato find Bto be foundCfinding Dbeing found解析：彼得的手机偶然落在一辆出租车上了，再也没找到。此处用不定式做结果状语，手机做句子主语，因此与find是被动关系，故选B项。答案：B(2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步和结果；过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。现在分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。经典考题(上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board.Akilled BkillingCkills Dto kill解析：句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。答案：B(福建)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked解析：句意：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年的标志。答案：A(浙江)_ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest.ANot realized BNot to realizeCNot realizing DNot to have realized解析：题意为“没有意识到自己正处于很大的危险之中，艾瑞克走进了森林更深处”。realize和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。不定式作状语表示目的或者结果，与题意不符，故可排除B、D两项。答案：C(四川)_ many times，he finally understood it.ATold BTellingCHaving told DHaving been told解析：句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他终于懂了。这道题考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he，句子前是一个非谓语动词结构，he与动词tell存在被动关系，而且动作存在先后顺序。答案：D二不定式和Ving作宾语的区别(1)疑问代词/副词动词不定式。这种结构常用于下列动词后：know，make up ones mind，decide，find out，learn，understand，wonder，forget，see，settle等。也可以用于介词后。经典考题(海淀)Have you thought about_to give her as a present?Awhat BwhoCwhich Dwhere解析：考查疑问词加不定式的用法。此处根据句意应用what。答案：A(2007东城)I used to work in a nursery before so I know_to expect in this new job.Awhat BhowCwhy Dwhatever解析：what什么；how如何；why为的原因；whatever无论什么，任何东西。What to expent in this new job.作know的宾语，what作expect的宾语。答案：A(2)不定式结构一般不作介词宾语。介词接v.ing作宾语。特例：but，except表示“除外”时，其前如有行为动词do的各种形式，不定式的符号to须省略，其他情况下要用带to的不定式。经典考题(江西重点联考)_ the tonics(补品)are probably not harmful_ your wallet，Heller thinks that people who try them may not realize how highly caffeinated they are.AWhile;except for BAs;except forCWhile;except to DAs;except to解析：语境为：虽然补品也许无害除了对钱包之外但是Heller认为尝试补品的人可能没有意识到它们的咖啡因含量有多高。此处while表示“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句；句中的to表示对象。答案：C(三)只能跟to do作宾语的动词：agree，pretend，afford，appear，attempt，choose，dare，decide，be determined，fail，happen，hope，learn，manage，offer，refuse等。经典考题(北京石景山区)I hope _ with her about that during the time we _ at college.Ato talk;studiedBto have talked;are studyingCto talk;were studyingDto have talked;were studying解析：句意为“我希望上大学的时候就已经跟她谈谈那件事。”答案：D(河北唐山摸底)Will the Johnsons leave for Australia this spring?No，they finally decided _.Anot to leave Bnot leavingCnot to Dnot to be leaving解析：当不定式的内容和前面的重复时，不定式可以省略，但不定式的符号to不省略，其否定形式为not to。这里是decided not to leave的省略。答案：C注意：既可以跟to do又可以跟sb.to do的动词有beg，expect，promise，want，wish，would like/love；可以跟to do但不可以跟sb.to do的动词有hope，decide，refuse，manage，pretend，offer，plan，agree等。(四)只能跟Ving作宾语的动词有：imagine，escape，cant help，enjoy，miss，allow，advise，consider，delay，excuse，feel like，finish，forbid，give up，keep，mind，permit，practise，put off，suggest等。经典考题(上海高校春季)As a new driver，I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again.Aparking Bto parkCparked Dpark解析：practise vt.“实践，练习”，其后必须接动名词，不能用不定式作宾语。句意为：作为新司机，我不得不在我的小车库里一遍又一遍地练习停车。答案：A(北京)I cant stand_with Jane in the same office.She just refuses_ talking while she works.Aworking;stopping Bto work;stopping Cworking;to stop Dto work;to stop答案：答案：C注意：上述大多数动词可在Ving前加上逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常用名词或代词的所有格表示，也可用它们的宾格表示：Do you mind their/them making noises here?你介意他们在此吵闹吗？(五)有些动词既可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语。区别如下：love，like，hate，prefer跟Ving表示习惯性动作或行为；跟to do表示某次具体的行为。forget，remember，regret跟Ving表示事情已做过；跟to do表示事情还没做。经典考题(海淀)He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and _ in the morning sunshine.ASit BsittingCsits Dis sitting答案：Btry跟doing表示“试着做”；跟to do表示“尽力做”，相当于seek to do/attempt to do/make an effort to do。经典考题(南京)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.Better try_the CCTV website，and you are likely_the information in no time.Ato visit;to get Bto visit;gettingCvisiting;to get Dvisiting;getting解析：try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”；be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，be likely后不可接动词ing。答案：Cmean跟Ving表示“意思是，意味着”；跟to do表示“打算做”。经典考题(湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things，think again.Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 解析：mean doing意思是，意味着，mean to do打算要句意：如果你认为善待妇女(女性)就意味着事事都要得到她的批准，那就再想想吧。答案：Dconsider跟Ving表示“打算做某事”；跟sb./sth.to do表示“认为”。begin/start跟Ving/to do意义上无区别，但如下三种情况常使用不定式：a该二词用于进行时：Its beginning/starting to rain.开始下雨了。b物作主语：The ice began/started to melt.冰开始融化。c其后的非谓语动词表示心理活动：I began/started to realize my mistake.我开始意识到自己的错误。(6)need/want/requireVing(to be Ved)用主动形式表达被动的含义，表示“需要被”；be worthVing也用主动形式表达被动的含义，表示“值得”。经典考题(浙江五校联考)As a result of the earthquake，twothirds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairing Bneeds repairingCneeds to be repaired Dneed to repair解析：主语为buildings，所以谓语动词应该用非第三人称单数，可以排除B、C两项。根据句意，建筑物需要被修理，应该用need doing或者是need to be done，所以选择A项。难度适中。答案：A(广东扬子江中学)Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _.Aimproving BimprovedCbeing improved Dto improve答案：A(六)on，think of，how/what about，for，against，in spite of，as a result of，because of，feel like等介词宾语只能用Ving。经典考题(江苏高考)The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Afind Bto findCon finding Din finding解析：insist当“坚持(认为该怎样做)”解时，后接虚拟语气的从句或接 on doing。答案：C注意：下列动词短语中to为介词，后面应用Ving形式作宾语。pay attention to注意；see to注意，负责；lead to导致；refer to谈到，涉及；turn to求助于；stick to坚持；object to反对；be/get used to习惯于做某事；devoteto为奉献时间、精力等；get down to开始认真做某事；be accustomed to 习惯于。经典考题(郑州)Many teachers strongly object to_at school.Asmoke BsmokingCsmoked Dhaving smoked解析：object to(反对)中的to是介词，后面接动名词形式。答案：B(江苏)They are quiet，arent they?Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking解析：be accustomed to后跟动名词作宾语，动名词的否定形式应该在动名词前面加not。答案：D(大连八中)I was close to _ the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.Abe killed;thatBbeing killed;whatCbeing killed;whichDkilling;what解析：close to中的to是介词，后接动名词的被动式作宾语。后一空填what，what引导的名词性从句作at的宾语。答案：B3不定式、Ved和Ving作宾语补足语的区别(1)hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，make，let，have后的宾语补足语如用不定式，to常省略；但上述动词为被动语态时，to不可省略。经典考题(泉州质检)I really like this song as it is often heard _ everywhere in China.Asinging BsungChaving sung Dto sing解析：it代指上文this song，sing与song之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词sung作主语补足语。答案：B(全国)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.Apicked up Bpicks upCpick up Dpicking up解析：句意为“导演要他的助手为这次会议准备一些热狗”。have sb.do sth.为固定结构，其中do sth.为省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。和have类似用法的使役动词有make，let。答案：C(杭州质检)Blamed for breaking my promise，I felt my face _ hot，and hung my head in shame.Ato grow Bto be growingCgrown Dgrow解析：本题考查“feel宾语宾补”结构，由于feel是感观动词，故用动词原形作宾补。答案：D(2)tell，want，allow，warn，advise，ask，beg，encourage，cause，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，help，invite，would like/love，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，wish，prefer后的宾语补足语用to do。(注意：help后的宾补to do中的to可省)经典考题(湖南浏阳一中)The old grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，wont want his granddaughter _ this week.Ato operate on BoperatesCto be operated on Doperating 答案：C(上海春)Due to the heavy rain and flooding，ten million people have been forced _ their homes.Aleaving Bto leaveCto be left Dbeing left解析：句意：由于大雨和洪水，已经有一千万人被迫离开他们的家园了。force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do“迫使某人做”。故选B项。答案：B(3)think，believe，consider，find，imagine，feel，suppose后常跟to be或to haveVed作宾语补足语。经典考题(上海高考)The flu is believed_by viruses that like to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throat.Acausing Bbeing caused Cto be caused Dto have caused 解析：根据flu 和介词by可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A和D项；再根据is believed，可知C为最佳选项。因为，sth.is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英语中的一种常见句式。答案：C(4)feel，find，see，catch，hear，watch，notice，have，get，keep，leave后常跟Ving作宾语补足语。(上海春)If we have illegal immigrants _ in，many local workers will lose their jobs.Acame Bcoming Cto come Dhaving come解析：句意：如果我们让非法移民不断涌入，许多当地的工人就会失业。havesb./sth.doing“让一直干”；have sb.do“让某人做”；havesth.done“让某事被做/遭遇某事”，如：He had his leg broken yesterday.他昨天摔断腿了。答案：B(河南郑州四中)As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a board _“_to Evans”Areads;Welcomed Bwritten;to WelcomeCreading;Welcome Dprinted;Welcome解析：“牌子上写着”用动词read，表示“标明”；“欢迎你”用You are welcome，welcome用作形容词而不是动词，这里主语和be动词都省略了。答案：C(5)find，hear，see，have，get，make后常跟Ved作宾语补足语。经典考题(福建)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period.AImproved BimprovingCto improve Dimprove解析：所填词作have的宾语补足语，与宾语her written English是被动关系，用过去分词，选A。答案：A(西城)Where is Tom?I last saw him_in the library reading.Asit BseatedCseating Dsat解析：此处谓语动词是saw(see)，是感官动词，后可跟宾语补足语，seat用作动词，作宾补时，通常用其过去分词形式，因此本题选B。答案：B(江苏)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.Aspeak BspeakingCspoken Dto speak解析：句中的非谓语动词作hear后的宾语补足语。根据English和speak为动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。答案：C(广东汕头)The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _ should have attracted the governments attention.Asolving BsolveCto solve Dsolved 答案：D Thank you!