非谓语动词语法详解课件

非谓语动词 语法讲解Wuxun High School非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式（to do)Gerund 动名词动名词(doing)Participle 分词分词(-ing分词，分词，-ed分词）分词）Structure:to be doneInfinitive（不定式）（不定式）:to doNegative(否定否定):not to doPassive voice（被动）（被动）:被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice（时态与语态）to be doing to have done to have been done-to have been doing-to doto be done主动语态主动语态1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作补语作补语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用(1).主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj.(for sb)to do sth.It is+a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb+time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2).表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.Everyone wants to get a good job in the future.(3)宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it+adj.+to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4).补语补语 Complement五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等等.8.医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to do1.He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fallen1改错:He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5).定语定语 Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.2.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto worry about The topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the 2010 Expo.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语 Adverbialin order to,so as to,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto,tooto,only to,etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.3._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truthTo tell the truth,I dont agree with you.who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.(表语表语)8.不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用:注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作补语作补语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/在它之后发生在它之后发生.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)关于时态关于时态 1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read2.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears_ everything.(01年高考)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told巩固练习33.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.e.g.:Would you like to go with me?(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?A.Id like to B.Id like to go Yes,_.A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.Yes,_.1.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to巩固练习4不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如如果这些介词前有行为动词果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么那么介词后的不定式不带介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.v(1).She could do nothing but _.(cry)v(2).I have no choice but_.(go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_.(do,sleep)cryto goto dosleep固定句型固定句型:vhad better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy(not)do sth.?vwould rather(not)do sth.vwould rather do A than(do)Bvwould rather+句子（过去式）句子（过去式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first,the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。如：He was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize,know用在用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。如：()In order not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X)So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：v(1)动宾关系动宾关系 vI have a lot of work to do.v(2)主谓关系主谓关系 vHe is always the first to come.v(3)同位关系同位关系vWe all have a chance to go to college.v1.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you.v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9.To tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.v10.How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用Gerund（动名词）（动名词）一一.Structure：doing Negative：not doing二二.时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三.在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing.e.g.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B.Lost C.Because of losing D.LosingKey:_DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v类似的还有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语:Vt.Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,等。等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Would you mind my smoking here?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming.下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语,尤其注意介词尤其注意介词tove.g.insist on,prevent from,depend on,feel like,be fond of,succeed in,be proud of,excuse for,apologize for,look forward to,object to,be used to,be opposed to,etc.Prep.后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g.The boy stood still without _(dare)to raise his head because of _(break)a vase.daringhaving brokento do 和doing 的区别:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing注意注意:动词如：动词如：permit,allow，forbid，advice，consider 有不同的用法有不同的用法:vV +sb to do sth&V+doing sthe.g.：Please permit me to introduce myself to you first I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.You surely cant consider him to be a selfish manvpermit allow forbid adviseconsider admit doing sth.e.g.：v We do not permit smoking in the officevThey shouldnt allow parking in the street;its too narrow.v I forbid smoking in my housevThe little boy admitted having broken the glass.3.作表语作表语vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.动名词动名词现在分词现在分词4.作定语作定语:va walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态Gerund的逻辑主语的逻辑主语:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.动名词表示被动意义:v在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词-ing 分词分词-ed 分词分词 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例)-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分分词在句中承担的成分:v由于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和主语和宾语宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语宾补宾补状语状语现在分词过去分词1.作定语作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1.the rising sun 2.He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3.The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4.These are goods imported from Japan.前置位前置位:后置位后置位v-The problem(which is)bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between-ed and ing participle?-ing分词表示分词表示“进行进行”-ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示“被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:-These are goods(which were)imported from Japan.More examples:1.China is a developing country.3.He is a well-educated librarian.2.Japan is a developed country.=a country which is developing.=a country which has developed.-a librarian who has been well educated.More exercise:vThe _(work)people have played a great role in the activity.vI dont like _(can)food,I prefer something fresh.workingcannedv1.站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid.v2.最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在议论的话题都与都与2010年世博会有关。年世博会有关。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently are concerned about the 2010 World Expo.standingwho was standingwhich are being discussedbeing discussedWhats the difference?1.The topics being discussed everywhere recently are concerned about the 2010 World Expo.to be discusseddiscussed进行进行完成完成将来将来2.The topics _(discuss)at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3.The topics _(discuss)at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.巩固练习一巩固练习一v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)The man_(question)in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_(respect)others will be respectedv3)Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference were foreigners.v4)The matter _(discuss)is very importantbeing questionedbeing questionedrespectingrespectinginvitedinvitedbeing discussedbeing discussedv5.被汽车撞伤的小孩被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。马上被送到了医院。vThe boy injured by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.v6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThe man delivering mails to my office every day is a retired worker.vThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviting.2.作表语作表语vWhat he said sounds_(convince).vHe was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服v-ed 分词分词vSb.+Link.v+-ed分词分词v-ing分词分词 vSth.+Link.v+-ing分词分词 v类似情况还有：surprising surprised,v exciting excited,v tiring tired,v disappointing disappointed,v encouraging encouraged，v amazed amazing,v bored boring,v pleasing pleased,v astonishing astonished.v人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点巩固练习二巩固练习二v用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The result of the exam made me _(disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)He seemed quite _at the idea.(delight)v6)The present situation is _(encourage)tiringtiringdisappointeddisappointedexcitingexcitingpuzzled puzzled delighteddelightedencouragingencouragingvThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mid-term vexamination.vYou cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作补语作补语1.宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语补足语主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语介词宾语补足语vFill in the blank:vHe was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)vLast night I saw him _(play)the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动被动”“主动主动”More exercisescleanedplayingshut“被动被动”vI heard my sister _ that song in English outside.(sing)They once heard the song _ in English.Mother heard her kid _ the door.vMother heard the door _.(open)vWith the test _(finish),we began to analyze the result.vWe _ during our last meeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决.vWould you please speak louder so as to _?A.make you hear B.make yourself hear C.make you heard D.make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三巩固练习三finished分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语状语从句从句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语v1.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.v=Hearing the news,we jumped with joy.v2.When it was heated,the metal expands.v=Heated,the metal expands.v3.Because he didnt know,he went to his father for help.v=Not knowing how to do it,he went to his father for help.v4.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.v=Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.“主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因v5._(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.v=If you look out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.v6._(keep)in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.v=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept v7.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping.v8.She walked out of the house,_by her little daughter.(follow)v9.She walked out of the house,_ her little daughter.(follow)v10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.v=Although it is considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.v e、表示、表示让步让步表示表示方式和方式和伴随情况伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered v11.The car was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.v12.The glass fell to the ground,_(break)to pieces.表示结果表示结果Exercises 分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g.heated,ice can be changed into water When tired,I went on with the work.walking in the street,I saw a road accidentWhileThoughcausingbrokenv1)I meant to buy an evening paper,but I didnt see anyone _(sell)them.v2)Just now I saw a man_(walk)in the street,with a little girl _(seat)on his shoulder v3)The lady would love to have her luggage _(weigh).v4)The thief was caught_(steal)goods in the supermarket again v5)-What happened to Mr.White early this morning?v -Oh，he was seen_(knock)down and the driver_(drive)awaysellingsellingwalkingwalkingseatedseatedweighedweighedstealingstealingknockedknockeddrovedrove巩固练习四巩固练习四巩固练习五巩固练习五1._ by noises in the night,the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.(frighten)2.After _ it carefully,he locked the room again.(examine)3.The president expressed his satisfaction with the co-operation,_(add)that he had enjoyed his stay here 4._ in 1949,the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.(build)5._ from a distance,the Opera House looks like ship sails.(see)6.Although _ in the leg,he continued firing at the enemy.(shoot)FrightenedexaminingBuiltSeenshotadding 7)_(wear)out after a long walk,Henry called and said he couldnt come v8)When first_(introduce)the market,these products enjoyed great success.v9)Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of the music.v10)When _(compare)with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.introducedintroducedheardheardcomparedcomparedWornWorn1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表语4.作状语作状语3.作补语作补语分分词词分词的时态分词的时态:v-ing/-ed+主句主句（不强调动作先后）（不强调动作先后）;Having done Having been doneve.g.v1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.v2.Having been used for many years,the bike needs repairing.More exercises+主句主句（强调时间先后）（强调时间先后）v1)The president promised to keep all the board members_(inform)of how the negotiations were going onv2)_(be)there more than once,the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library.v3)_(invite)to go to camping,Paul ordered a new sleeping bagv4)_(not know)his telephone number,she lost touch with him.informedHaving beenHaving been invitedNot knowingv分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语:v分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语一般为一般为_,但当分词的但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致不一致时，分词时，分词前必须有自己的主语，前必须有自己的主语，e.g.vIf weather permits,we will have a field trip.vWeather permitting,well have a field trip tomorrow v这被称为这被称为_。v时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.vTime permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语主句的主语分词的独立结构分词的独立结构v*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。v如：Judging from the expression on his face,he had failed the driving test againv Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.v类似的还有:vSpeaking ofvTalking of v高考题v1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004)vA.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smeltv2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004)vA.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recordedv3.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(2003)vA.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be takenBBA1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To loseC解析“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought 综合练习综合练习2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not receivedC3.Before _,the machine must be checked.A.being used B.using it C.being used to D.using A4._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light.A.Giving;given B.Given;given C.Giving;giving D.Given;givingDv5)Victor apologized his_(not be)able to inform me of the change in the plan.v6)After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,_(exhaust).v7)The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_(catch).v8)Generally_(speak),When _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.v9)She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_(play)in making the earth a better place_(live).not beingnot beingexhaustedexhaustedbeing caughtbeing caughtspeakingtakento playto playv10)Though_(lack)money,his parents managed_(send)him to university.v11)-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?v-The key_(solve)the problem is _(meet)the demand _(make)by the customers.v12)With a lot of difficult problems_(settle),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.v13)_(suffer)such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late_(clear)up the river.v14)Do let your mother_(know)all the truth.She appears_(tell)everything.lackingto sendto solvingto meetmadeto settleHaving sufferedto clearknowto have been toldv16)Sandy could do nothing but_(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.v17)Mr.Reed made up his mind _(devote)all he had to_(set)up some schools for poor children.v18)One learns a language by_(make)mistakes and_(correct)them.v19)Ive worked with children before,so I know what_(expect)in my new job.v20)Tony was very unhappy for_(not invite)to the party.admitto devotesettingmakingcorrectingto expectnot having been invitedv21)_(give)the general state of his health,it may take him a while_ (recover)from the operation.v22)There are five pairs of shoes_(choose)from,bu