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Unit Two Hiroshima the “liveliest”city in Japan Teaching Objectives of Lesson 21)To acquaint students with the historical facts of the atomic bombardment in Hiroshima and its impact upon peoples lives.2)To acquaint students with Japan and her traditions revealed in the text.3)To enable students to appreciate the reportorial writing,i.e.facts and opinions.More picturesAt the time this photo was made,smoke rose to 20,000 feet above HiroshimaAerial photograph from the 80 kilometers away of the Inland Sea,taken about 1 hour after the dropping.The huge atomic cloud,6 August,1945The Atomic Bomb DomeHiroshima Peace Memorial,a remnant of the city at ground zero of its nuclear bombardmentThe ruins of the Institute of Industrial Development,with its warped dome,were preserved as a symbol of the terror of destruction.A girl with her skin hanging in strips,at Ohmura NavyHospital on August 10-11.Lunch Box-The Atomic Shadow-The shadows of the parapets were imprinted on the road surface of the Yorozuyo Bridge,1/2 of a mile south-southwest of the hypocenter.The leaves of this Fatsia japonica threw a shadow on an electric pole near the Meiji Bridge.bottleChoice of Target-HiroshimaSome military camps were located nearby such as the headquarters of the Fifth Division and Field Marshal Hatas 2nd General Army Headquarters,which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan.Hiroshima was a major supply and logistics base for the Japanese military.The city was a communications center,a storage point,and an assembly area for troops.It was chosen as a target because it had not suffered damage from previous bombing raids,allowing an ideal environment to measure the damage caused by the atomic bomb.The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damage.Effects of an Atomic Bomb ExplosionThe devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted from three main types of effects:blast,thermal radiation,and nuclear radiation.Of these,only the blast effect is significant for chemical high explosives.The blast effect of an atomic bomb is similar to that of a conventional explosive but much more intense and far-reaching.Thermal radiation,which results from the extremely high temperatures created by an atomic explosion,causes serious burns on exposed parts of the body and may ignite fires over a wide radius.Nuclear radiation,which results from the neutrons and gamma rays associated with fission,causes death and injury as a result of damage to living tissue.The damage:Destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000 feet(1.830-2,450 meters).Altogether an area of 13 sq.Ikm.(5 sq.mi.)was reduced to ashes and of the 76,000 buildings in the city 62.9%were destroyed and only 8%escaped damage（among them were earthquake-resistant buildings）.Over 71,000 people were killed instantly.Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation.Survivors are still dying of leukemia(白血病),pernicious anemia(恶性贫血症),etc.The radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected.Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure.Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children.It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year.The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.When we were playing in the school ground,an airplane came,but we kept on playing,only saying Why did they give the all-clear?All of a sudden,there was something like lightening and I covered my face with my hands.When I opened my eyes and looked around,it was dark and I couldnt see anything.While I was feeling around in the darkness,it became light.I was thinking of going home,and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there.I started running home,crying and calling,Mother!Mother!But I couldnt tell where my house had been.I just went around this way and that,and then I heard my sister calling my name.I was shocked when I saw her,because she was stained with blood all over.I looked at myself;the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off.I didnt know what all this meant,and I was frightened,so I burst into tears.Meanwhile,Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Fathers cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them.We spent the night in Yasu Shrine in Gion.Because of their burns,everyone was crying for water all night.The next morning,we were taken by truck to a Buddhist temple in Kabe.That night,my sister died.How can I describe Mothers grief?How can I describe the horrible scenes I saw in the temple then?Who can imagine the miseries we went through except those who were there themselves?It is entirely beyond my power to put the terrible sight into words.Countless people suffering from burns and wounds,groaning with pain,their bodies covered with maggots（蛆蛆）,and dying in delirium（精神错乱）（精神错乱）,one after another.It was hell on earth.An account by Masatada Asaeda-3rd Grade Student in 1945 General Introduction of the TextWhat type of writing is the text?How many sections is the text divided?What is the theme,tone,mood,point of view of the text?Narrative writing (time order)Section 1-Arrival at Hiroshima (para 1-7)Section 2 Dinner with the mayor(para 8-27)Section 3 Interview with the patient(para 28-39)-The terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people and their lives.A protest to nuclear weapons is voiced -The tone(meaning the way the author feels or thinks about the subject of the story):bitter,upset,sad,ironic)-Point of view:first person participantSection One Arrival at HiroshimaA.Questions for Discussion1.What do you know about the author?nationality;occupation;aim of the visit 2.How did the writer feel at the arrival?3.What have you learned about Hiroshima and people there from this section?1.What do you know about the author?An American A reporter who had taken many reportorial assignments.To prove/find out whether Hiroshima is the liveliest city in the world.2.How did the writer feel at the arrival?bitter,sad;guilty,depressed I had a lump in my throatI was choked with emotion;I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly.(a feeling of pressure caused by repressed emotion)had a lot of sad thoughts on my mind I was occupied with some sad thoughts.The very act of stepping on this soil,in breathing this air:The fact that I was in Hiroshima was in itself a much more exciting experience for me than any trip I had taken or any reporting work I had done in the past.Was I not at the scene of the crime?-the dropping of the A-bomb on Hiroshima (rhetorical question)3.What have you learned about Hiroshima and people there from this section?Advanced in technology(rapid development after WWII,the fastest train magnetic train(517m/hr)Japan and Germany an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs,they exist side by side teenagers and women in western dress,miniskirt(fashionable groups)little girls and elder ladies in kimonos(kids and old ones keep the tradition)narrow streets,traditional houses on boats tall buildings,beige concrete skyscrapers constant bowing to each other tourism atmosphere the cab-drivers behavior towards travelers knowing little of the way,avoid losing face,Words and Expressionson my mind vs.in mind worried about 惦记惦记,忧虑忧虑e.g.My mother must have something important on her mind.I know it from that look on her face.我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情.我从她脸上的表我从她脸上的表情可以看出来情可以看出来.Ive had my fathers illness on my mind all day.我整天都为父亲的病情担忧我整天都为父亲的病情担忧.Have something in mind:remember;think of/plan to do e.g.Have you anyone in mind for the job?对于这项工作对于这项工作,你心中有什么人选你心中有什么人选?What do you have in mind to do with him?对于他对于他,你打算怎么办你打算怎么办?pop e.g.One of balloons popped.Champagne corks were popping throughout the celebrations.(burst(open)with a short,sharp,slightly explosive sound(onomatopoeia)The magician had real rabbits popping out of his hat.You solve one problem and another would immediately pop up (appear unexpectedly)My eyes popped at the sight at the variety of food on display.(look surprised)I popped the magazine into the bag when my father came in.(put sth quickly)lurched from side to sidescreeched to a haltI found myself in front of (without purpose,unexpectedly)The usher heaved a long,almost musical sighis the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt the very act of stepping at the on this soilThe use and function of littles in this section:little girls /little bows /little red telephones/know little of their city/sketch a little map/little old Japan/little floating house(para.8)(大日本帝国大日本帝国小日本小日本)chauvinism(沙文主义沙文主义)a strong,unreasonable belief that your own country is more important and morally better than other peoples.chauvinistic the use and function of seven littles in this section:大男人大男人,大丈夫大丈夫,大小伙子大小伙子,小女人小女人,小媳妇小媳妇,小丫头小丫头,翻译练习翻译练习1.他干的事与我毫不相干他干的事与我毫不相干.(have little to do with)2.她她 睡不着觉睡不着觉,女儿的病使她心事重重女儿的病使她心事重重.(on ones mind)3.他陷入沉思中他陷入沉思中,没有理会同伴们在谈些什么没有理会同伴们在谈些什么.(be oblivious of)4.我喜欢教师这个职业我喜欢教师这个职业,这样这样,我有机会和年轻人在一起我有机会和年轻人在一起.(rub shoulders with)5.他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手.(the very symbol)6.一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友.(the very sight of)7.时间飞逝时间飞逝.(flash)1.What he did has nothing to do with me.2.She couldnt fall asleep as her daughters illness was very much on her mind.3.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.4.I like being a teacher,which gives me a chance of rubbing shoulders with young people.5.That he has so many fans is the very symbol of his success as a singer.(The very fact of his having so many fans shows that he is a successful singer)6.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.7.Time is flashing by.Section two Dinner with the mayorA.Questions for Discussion What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner?How did he feel?What have you learned about Hiroshima,its people and Japanese customs from this section?The writer was ironical and humorous.Find words and expressions that show them.Find all the expressions the author has used to address the bombardment so far.What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner?How did he feel?(The writer expected to hear some talks about how people in Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bombardment.)the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me returned I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood at the site of the first atomic bombardment,where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain,where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agonyas inhibited as I was the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeatedThe company more and more agitated jolting me out of my sad reverie reveriedreamy thinking,esp.of agreeable things;the state of being absorbed in dreamlike contemplation;daydreamingWhat have you learned about Hiroshima,its people and Japanese customs from this section?a stunning,porcelain-faced woman traditional white make-up,looks like porcelain a stunning person or thing is extremely beautiful or impressive.tatami matting,walking in socksTwo schools of thought about the remains of the bombardment 1)to preserve the traces of the bombing 2)to get rid of everything,to demolish themDebate on the above two ideasThe writer was ironical and humorous.Find words and expressions that show them.Treading cautiously on the tatami(I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully,fearing that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen)Experiencing a twinge of embarrassmentat the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socksAfter three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinary flexibleThe anti-climaxhumor or surprise(para18)Words and Expressionslingered on to die in slow agony(transferred epithet)agonygreat pain or suffering of mind or body 极度的痛苦极度的痛苦lingerbe late or slow in going away.e.g.He loved the place so much that he lingered about after everyone else had left.The custom of.lingers on(is still observed but is now very weak)The memory lingered on for years.A lingering fear of swimming after the accidentto inhibit to prevent something or slow it down,or to prevent someone from doing sth.e.g.The high price inhibits people from buying big houses.Government officials are inhibited from running business.(sb)feels inhibitedif you say someone feels inhibited,you mean they find it difficult to behave naturally and you think it is a bad thing.agitated feel worried and upset,and show this in the behavior,movements,or voicee.g.Susan seemed agitated about something.The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state.Agitation,agitate.e.g.The thought agitates her.Dan lit a cigarette,trying to mask her agitationsink in 被完全理解，深深印入脑中被完全理解，深深印入脑中e.g.I think the lesson has sunk in:he wont make the same mistake again.The teacher has explained it twice,but I m afraid it still has not sunk in.I repeated it till the words sank in.1)What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner?How did he feel?(some talks about how people in Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bombardment;the misery)the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me returned I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood at the site of the first atomic bombardment,where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain,where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agonyas inhibited as I was the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeatedThe company grew more and more agitated jolting me out of my sad reverie 2.The writer was ironical and humorous.Find words and expressions that show them.Treading cautiously on the tatami(I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully,fearing that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen)Experiencing a twinge of embarrassmentat the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socksAfter three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinary flexibleThe anti-climaxhumor or surprise(para18)3.Find all the words the author has used to address the bombardment.Was I not at the scene of the crime?(pp1)The misery of the humanitys heinous crime?(pp19)The impact of the atomic cataclysm Translation1.他干的事与我毫不相干他干的事与我毫不相干.(have little to do with)2.她她 睡不着觉睡不着觉,女儿的病使她心事重重女儿的病使她心事重重.(on ones mind)3.他陷入沉思中他陷入沉思中,没有理会同伴们在谈些什么没有理会同伴们在谈些什么.(be oblivious of)4.我喜欢教师这个职业我喜欢教师这个职业,这样这样,我有机会和年轻人在一我有机会和年轻人在一起起.(rub shoulders with)5.他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的他拥有如此众多的迷本身就说明了他是一个成功的歌手歌手.(the very symbol)6.一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的战友.(the very sight of)7.时间飞逝时间飞逝.(flash)1.What he did had nothing to do with me.2.She couldnt fall asleep as her daughters illness was very much on her mind.3.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.4.I like being a teacher,which gives me a chance of rubbing shoulders with young people.5.That he has so many fans is the very symbol of his success as a singer.(The very fact of his having so many fans shows that he is a successful singer)6.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.7.Time is flashing by.翻译练习1)1)他一想到马上要见到在监狱服刑的儿子就他一想到马上要见到在监狱服刑的儿子就感到一阵内疚感到一阵内疚.(a twinge of,at the prospect of)2)2)我永远也忘不了我的家乡我永远也忘不了我的家乡,我在那里出生我在那里出生,长大长大,从那里踏上了成功之路从那里踏上了成功之路.(where,where)3)3)今天能请到张教授给我们讲学是我们的荣今天能请到张教授给我们讲学是我们的荣幸幸.(a very great honor)4)4)除了除了Joe每个人都被这个笑话逗的大笑。每个人都被这个笑话逗的大笑。Joe花了好一会儿才领会其义也大笑起来花了好一会儿才领会其义也大笑起来.(sink in)5)5)美国政府决定在世贸大厦倒塌现场建立新美国政府决定在世贸大厦倒塌现场建立新的大厦的大厦.(at the point of)1)He felt a twinge of regret/guilt at the prospect of meeting his son in prison.2)I will never forget my hometown,where I was born and grew up,where I set out on the road to success.3)Today,it is a very great honor to have Professor Zhang here to give us a lecture.4)Everybody laughed at the joke but Joe;it took quite a while for it to sink in before he laughed too.5)The American government decided to erect a new building at the point of collapse of the World Trade Center.Section Three Interview with the patientA.Questions for Discussion1)What happened to the old man?How did he face it?What do you feel about the old mans words?2)What have you learned about Hiroshima,its people from this section?3)Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section?Was his tone different from that of the first section?Why?4)What questions do you think the reporter had wanted to ask beforehand?What answers did he get from peoples eyes?1)What happened to the old man?How did he face it?-a fisherman by trade.-was in Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped.-had no burns on his face or body(no injuries on the outside)-his hair began to fall out,his belly turned to water,felt sick-has been in hospital for more than 20 years-he gazed at the writer.with interest.-has been making little lucky birds,congratulating himself.2)What have you learned about Hiroshima,its people from this section?it seems that the atomic bomb victims do not get sympathy from people but prejudice.The affected people commit suicideIt is humiliating to surviveencounter prejudice People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation making lucky birds Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section?Was his tone different from that of the first section?Why?The tone changed into an objective one:telling what he heard and seen.Not ironical and humorous,but his sympathetic and sad.He got the truth although people have tried to mask all the time.What question do you think the reporter had wanted to ask beforehand?What answers did he get from peoples eyes?such as:do you think Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan?镀镍的医疗器械镀镍的医疗器械以打鱼为生以打鱼为生失踪的朋友和亲人失踪的朋友和亲人感觉恶心呕吐感觉恶心呕吐原子弹受害者原子弹受害者尘世烦恼尘世烦恼 怡养性情怡养性情提前准备提前准备 使人脊背发凉使人脊背发凉 遗传基因病变遗传基因病变(nickel-plated medical instruments)(a fisherman by trade)(missing friends and relatives)(feel sick)(atomic bomb victim)(earthly cares)(improve ones character)(prepare in advance)(send shivers down the spine)(genetic damage)Writing Style1.NarrationTo give an account of an event or a series of events,including stories,biographies,histories,news items,and narrative poems.It often goes hand in hand with description,one for the story,the other for its setting and characters.Five aspects to consider when planning a narrative:1)Context:circumstances at the beginning(when,where,who)2)Selection of details:relevant,useful and effective-(purpose)3)Organization:usually in chronological order,also by using flashback;4)Point of view:first personmore graphic and lifelike,but limited scope.5)Purpose:to prove a theory,to illustrate a concept,to praise a virtue,to condemn a vice,etc.Writing techniques in this passage:1)Narration well combined with description;2)Good use of Anti-climax;3)Good use of humorous language;4)In chronological order;5)Well chosen detailsContrast:full of explicit and implicit contrasts on the three levels of culture，psychology and writing respectivelyIf two things contrast，the difference between them is very easy to see and sometimes surprisingTherefore，it is often used as an important writing technique in much literature to create vivid images and exert deep impressions on readers.If we read between the lines,we will be able to detect a diversity of contrasts and interpret strong conflicts in it.It is these contrasts and conflicts that serve the writers purpose to make us reflect on history.Contrasts on different levels:Cultural level:between languagesbetween old and newbetween Japanese and western etiquettePsychological level:between American and Japanesebetween two schools of thought in the cityWriting level:Writing level:between humor and solemnitybetween liveliest and martyredBetween Languages:The contrast between Japanese language and English language is noticeable in the first place,which indicates that Japane
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