高级英语上册课件3

UnitThree:ShipsintheDesertbyAlGoreBackgroundInformationaboutUnitIIIAlbertArnoldGoreTheAralSeaGreatLakesAmazonandAmazonrainforestThomasJeffersonPollutionPre-readingquestions1)Howdoyouunderstandthetitle“ShipsintheDesert”?Doyouthinkthetitleiswellchosen?2)Whattypeofwritingisthetext?Andwhatisitmainlyabout?3)Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthorofit?Whereisthispiecetakenfrom?I.TeachingObjectivesGettoknowsomeknowledgeaboutecologyandenvironmentGraspthemainideaandthethemeofthisessayLearntousesometermsandexpressionsconnectedwithecologicalenvironmentAppreciatethewritingskillsofcomparisonandcontrastII.TeachingTasks1.Pre-readingquestions2.Backgroundknowledge3.Macro-structureofthetext4.DetailedStudyofthetext5.Follow-updiscussion6.ExercisesandHomeworkAbouttheauthorAlbert Arnold Gore Jr.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_GoreAlbert Arnold Gore Jr.(bornMarch31,1948)isanAmericanpoliticianwhoservedasthe45thVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1993to2019.HeranforPresidentin2000followingBillClintonstwofour-yearterms,butwasdefeatedbytheRepublicancandidateGeorgeW.BushinabitterlycontestedelectionthatincludedmultiplerecountsandaSupremeCourtdecisionthateffectivelydecidedtheelectioninfavorofGoresrival.WhileGorereceivedthemostpopularvotes,thestatesBushwongavehimamajorityintheU.S.ElectoralCollegeandBushwaselectedPresident.TheelectionremainsoneofthemostdivisiveandcontroversialtopicsinrecentAmericanPolitics.GorecurrentlyservesasPresidentoftheAmericantelevisonchannelCurrentandChairmanofGenerationInvestmentManagement,sitsontheboardofdirectorsofAppleComputer,andservesasanunofficialadvisortoGooglesseniormanagement.Althoughspeculationaboutapossiblepresidentialrunin2019stillcontinues,hehaspubliclyclaimedthathedoesnotplantoreturntopolitics.AbouthisbookEarth in the Balance:Ecology and the Human Spirit This book consists of three parts:Part I Balance at risk Part II The search for balancePart III Striking the balanceOur text is selected from Section one“Ships in the desert”,Part I.TheAralSeaTheAralseaislocatedinCentralAsiainthelowlandsofTuran.AdministrativelythewaterbodyisdividedbetweentheRepublicsofKasachstaninthenorthandKarakalpakistaninthesouth.ThelatterisanautonomousrepublicwithintherepublicofUsbekistan.ThetworiversAmu-DarjaandSyr-Darjaareheavilyusedforirrigationbytheserepublics.Especiallyinthelast35yearsirrigationhasbeengreatlyintensified.SincethisperiodthedesiccationoftheAralseahasbeendramatic,withtheresultthattheformerfourth-largestlakeoftheworldisnowtheworldseighthlargestlake.OneofthelargeirrigationareasistheAmu-DarjadeltainthesouthoftheAralsea.Theirrigatedareaextendsoverapproximately28000sqkm,andismainlyusedforthecashcropscottonandrice.GreatLakesLook at them from the spaceThe Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes on or near the United states-Canadian border,they are the largest group of fresh water lakes on the earth,and the Great Lakes-St.lawrence system is the largest fresh-water system in the world.They are sometimes refered to as inland seas.TheGreatLakes-Superior,Michigan,Huron,ErieandOntario-andtheirconnectingchannelsformthelargestfreshsurfacewatersystemonearth.Ifyoustoodonthemoon,youcouldseethelakesandrecognizethefamiliarwolfheadshapeofLakeSuperior,orthemittenboundedbylakesMichigan,HuronandErie.TheseFreshwaterSeasholdanestimated6quadrilliongallonsofwater,aboutone-fifthoftheworldsfreshsurfacewatersupplyandnine-tenthsoftheU.S.supply.Spreadevenlyacrossthecontiguous48states,thelakeswaterwouldbeabout9.5feetdeep.Thissystemgreatlyaffectsourwayoflife,aswellasallaspectsofthenaturalenvironment,fromweatherandclimate,towildlifeandhabitat.Yetforalltheirsizeandpower,theGreatLakesarefragile.Inthepast,thisfragilenaturewasntrecognized,andthelakesweremistreatedforeconomicgain,placingtheecosystemundertremendousstressfromouractivities.Today,weunderstandthatourhealthandourchildrensinheritancedependonourcollectiveeffortstowiselymanageourcomplexecosystemWhereisAmazonrainforest?AmazonrainforestTheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarthsremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.BiologicallyrichenvironmentMorethanamillioncolorfulplant,animalandinsectspeciesinhabittheAmazonRainForest.Amazonianrainforestscouldreachapointofnoreturninaslittleas10to5yearsfromnowifdeforestationcontinuesatthepresentrate,accordingtoprojectionsbyaPennStateprofessor.AmazonrainforestWhy the Amazon rain forest is specialThe Amazon rain forest is immense(its larger than Europe).The 6280 kilometer(3900 mile)long Amazon River is fed by a thousand rivers-some over 1600 kilometers(1000 miles)long.Broadly defined,the Amazon Rain forest extends into nine South American countries.Nearly two-thirds lies in Brazil.Peru is the runner-up.Amazon rain forestis vital to life aroundthe worldThe Amazon Rain Forest produces 20%of the earths oxygen(and is the source of 20%of our planets fresh water).A large number of medicines we take for granted come from Amazon plants.And,because so many of the plant species have not yet been analyzed,we should see new drug discoveriesWill the Amazon rain forestsurvive?About 14%of the worlds land was once rain forest.Today it is down to 6%.Green peace,an environmental organization,warns that if deforestation continues at the present clip,the Amazon Rain Forest will be history in 80 years.Some scientists predict an even earlier demise.Amazon Rain Forest-getting there and around The Amazons two major gateway airports are in Manaus(Brazil)and Iquitos(Peru).Once you are in the Amazon,your road trips will be severely limited because the jungle is thick and dissected by numerous snaking rivers.Watercraft and occasionally small airplanes are the most effective means of transportationThomasJefferson(1743-1826)ThomasJeffersonwishedtoberememberedforthreeachievementsinhispubliclife.HehadservedasgovernorofVirginia,asU.S.ministertoFrance,assecretaryofstateunderGeorgeWashington,asvice-presidentintheadministrationofJohnAdams,andaspresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1801to1809.Onhistombstone,however,whichhedesignedandforwhichhewrotetheinscription,thereisnomentionoftheseoffices.Rather,itreadsthatThomasJeffersonwasauthoroftheDeclarationofAmericanIndependence,oftheStatuteofVirginiaforreligiousfreedom,andFatheroftheUniversityofVirginiaand,asherequested,notawordmore.Historiansmightwanttoaddotheraccomplishments-forexample,hisdistinctionasanarchitect,naturalist,andlinguist-butinthemaintheywouldconcurwithhisownassessment.StructureofthetextPartI(par.1-7)Theauthorliststheimagesofenvironmentaldestruction,namelythedryingupoftheAral,globalwarming,ozonedepletion,thelossoflivingspecies,deforestation.PartII(par.8-21)Heanalysestheglobalthreatsposedbytheenvironmentaldestructionandthecommoncausethechangeintherelationshipbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearthsnaturalbalance.PartIII(par.22-26)Bycomparingtheecologicalunbalancetothenucleararmsrace,heputsforwardthatthesolutionliesinreinventingandhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Detailedstudyofthetext:questionsfordiscussionpar.11.Wherewastheauthor?2.Howcouldthefishingshipbeanchoredinthesand?3.WhatwastheAralliketenyearsago?4.Whatwasitlikenowintheauthorseyes?Andwhy?5.Whatkindofwritingtechniqueisusedinthispar?Doyouthinkitiseffective?Why?6.HowdidtheauthorfeeltowardthechangesoftheAral?7.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.21.Whycouldtheauthortravelaroundtheworld?2.Whatdidhemeanby“thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky”?Wherecomesthehole?3.Whatwasthe“tunnelthroughtime”thescientistwasdigging?4.Whatisimpliedin“abadlyburnedfacethatwascrackedandpeeling”?5.Howdoyouunderstand“HereiswheretheU.SCongresspassedtheCleanAirAct”?6.whatdoyouknowabouttheCleanAirAct?7.Explainthelastsentenceofthispar.98638.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.31.Whatwasthechangeintheearthsatmosphere?Whendidthedramaticchangestart?Why?2.Whatcausesglobalwarming?3.Wherewastheauthor?4.WhatdoyouknowaboutAntarctica?5.Whyaretheenginesoftheskiplanekeptrunning?6.WhatwerescientistsdoingintheAntarcticregion?7.Whydidtheydolikethat?Par.41.Wherewastheauthor?2.WhatdoyouknowabouttheArcticOcean?3.WhatwerescientistsdoingintheArcticregion?4.Whatdidmanyscientistsbelieve?Why?5.Whatdoyouknowaboutsonartracks?6.Howarehummocksorpressureridgesformed?7.Whywouldthethinningofthepolaricecapbedisastroustotheworld?8.Sumupthemainideaofthepar.par.51.Paraphrasethefirstsentence.2.Whatdidthefirstteamofscientistsreport?3.Whatdidthesecondteamreport?Whywasitstillacontroversialclaim?4.Whathavescientistsestablished?5.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.61.Why,inBrazil,arethickcloudsofsmokeregularlyblackeningtheskyaboveAmazonrainforest?2.WhywasAmazonthreatened?3.Explain“acrebyacre,therainforestisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeef”4.Whatfigureofspeechisusedin“whichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard”.Explainitinplainlanguage.5.HowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestaffecttheearthsecologicalbalance?6.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.71.Whatdoestheghostlyimagereferto?Whatdoesitsignal?2.Howis“noctilucentcloud”formed?3.Whenandwherecanyouseethiskindofcloud?4.Wheredoesmethanegascomefrom?5.Sumupthemainideaofthepar.par.81.Accordingtotheauthor,howdopeoplefeelatthezoo?2.Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheghostsinthesky?3.Howcanmethaneintensifythethreatofglobalwarming?4.Explainthelasttwosentences.5.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.91.Whatarethesignalsofthedamagefromourassaultontheenvironment?2.Whydoestheauthorsay“ourresponsetothesesignalsispuzzling”?3.Explainthelastsentence.4.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.10&par.111.Whatdothesetwoparagraphsfunctioninthediscourse?2.Whydoestheauthormentionasystemcomingfromthemilitary?3.Whatarethethreecategoriesofconflict?Howaretheyclassified?Par.121.Whatkindofwritingtechniqueisusedinthispar?2.Doyouthinkitiseffective?Why?3.Pleaseexemplifythecategoriesofenvironmentalcrisisclassifiedbytheauthor.4.Whatdoyouknowaboutacidrain?5.Explainthelastsentence.Par.131.Whatkindofenvironmentalproblemisconsideredbasicallystrategic?Why?2.Whatdoyouknowaboutchlorineandchlorofluorocarbons?3.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.141.Whyisglobalwarmingconsideredastrategicthreat?2.Whatcausesglobalwarming?3.Howcanglobalwarminggreatlyaffectthepatternofhumansocieties?4.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.151.Howhastheentirerelationshipbetweenhumankindandtheearthbeentransformedinmoderntimes?Andwhy?2.Pleaseexemplifytheimpactofhumancivilizationontheenvironment.3.Havepeoplepaidenoughattentiontothesechangesaccordingtotheauthor?Howdoyouknowit?4.Explainthelastsentenceofthispar.5.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.161.Whatisthedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment?2.Explainthesecondsentenceofthispar.3.Whatdidtheauthorsuggestpeopleshouldacknowledge?4.Havepeoplebeenwellawareofthefragilityoftheearthsnaturalsystems?5.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.171.Whatarethetwokeyfactorsthatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth?2.Whatdramaticchangeshaveoccurredinthesetwokeyfactors?Par.18&191.Whatisthemainideaofpar.18?2.Howdidtheauthordevelopthemainidea?3.Whatisthemainideaofpar.19?4.Whatkindofwritingtechniqueisusedinpar.19?Doyouthinkitiseffective?Par.201.Whatisthemainideaofthispar.?2.Howisthemainideadeveloped?3.Explainthelastsentence.Par.211.Whatisourchallengeaccordingtotheauthor?2.Whatdotheseexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionimply?3.Whatisthecommoncauseofenvironmentalcrisis?4.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.221.Whatarethetwoaspectstothechallengeofrecognizingthecommoncauseofenvironmentalcrisis?2.Howdoyouunderstand“Theproblemisnotoureffectontheenvironmentsomuchasourrelationshipwiththeenvironment.”3.Whatisthefirststepoffindingthesolutiontotheproblemofenvironmentaldestruction?4.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.231.Whatisthemainideaofthispar.?2.Whydoyouthinktheauthortalksaboutthenucleararmsraceinthispar.?3.Whatkindofwritingtechniqueisusedhere?Doyouthinkitisaptandeffective?4.Explainthelastsentence.Par.241.Whatdidthetwosuperpowersassumeattheearlierstagesofthenucleararmsrace?2.Isnucleararmsraceonlyaproblemoftechnology?Why?3.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Par.251.Wheredoestheeventualsolutiontothearmsracelie?why?2.Explain“ultimateweapon”.3.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.par.261.Howdoyouunderstandthe1stsentenceofthispar.?2.Howdopeopleargueaboutthesolutiontotheproblemofecologicalunbalance?3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheirarguments?4.Wherecanthesolutionbefoundaccordingtotheauthor?Doyouagreewithhim?5.Howcanthesolutionbesuccessfullyfound?6.Sumupthemainideaofthispar.Follow-updiscussion1.Doyouagreewiththeauthorthathumancivilizationnowhasbecomethedominantcauseofchangesintheglobalenvironment?Justifyyouranswer.2.Howdoyouthinkwecansolvetheenvironmentalproblems?HomeworkWriteacompositionwithin200wordsonONEprominentenvironmentalproblemanditspossiblesolutions.