英语中动词不定式的用法课件

高中英语同步辅导Book2A Unit1动词不定式的用法By Edison1.动词不定式的用法1.作主语2.作宾语3.作定语4.作表语5.作宾补6.作状语动词不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态3.巩固练习1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。How to get enough money is still a question.To make a plan for our study is very important.1.动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is important to make a plan for our study.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.2.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列及物动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。He promised to come but he hasnt turn up yet.The boys are longing to watch the World Cup.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同try,go on,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.接着做同一件事After a short rest,they went on doing the work.After finishing the homework,the students went out to play football.regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事regret doing sth.后悔作了某事I regret to say that you havent passed the exam.I regret having told him about it动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式常放在系动词（be动词）后作表语，有时也放在其他少数连系动词如：remain,seem,sound等后。当表语是动词不定式时，作主语的谓语动词也只能是动词不定式，即主语和表语结构要一致或对称。His plan is to spend a few days in the countryside.He appears to have caught cold.To see is to believe当表语是动词不定式时，作主语的谓语动词也只能是动词不定式，即主语和表语结构要一致或对称。当主语部分有动词实义do的某个形式时，做表语的动词不定式可以省略to。The only thing we can do is wait till he comes back.We can do nothing but wait.5.动词不定式作宾补常要求跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：（1）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等Youd better get Tom to do it.She doesnt allow me to use her computer.The teacher told him not to be late again.He invited us to attend his birthday party.（2）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to,feel,make,let,have注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。The teacher had us recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to leave the house?动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带to的形式作主语补语。（3）有的动词后可以跟to be形式作宾补，而不是to do作宾补。如：think,consider,suppose,believe,imagine,find,prove等6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。I got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.(作目的状语）To learn English well,you should practise it whenever possible.(作目的状语）He wept to hear the news.(作原因状语）I am glad to see you here.(作原因状语）He hurried to the post office,only to find it closed.(结果状语）The boy is too young to dress himself.（同上）当tooto结构中的不定式前有形容词nervous,pleased,willing,happy,delighted,glad等时，to后面译作肯定。They are too nervous to leave.当too前有only时，only too to译作肯定。I am only too pleased to help you.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。We are never too old to learn.动词不定式的时态和语态1.动词不定式的一般式（to do）用于表示不定时所表示的动作与句子谓语动词几乎同时发生。saw her enter the room.I have some important news to tell you.2.动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，和句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.They are said to be building another bridge across the river3.动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I happened to have read the book before.巩固练习1.Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be repairingB.repairing is required of themC.require that they be repaired.D.need to be repaired.解析：and并列谓语动词，need to be repaired相当于need repairing.D2.I wish you had brought your family with you.Ill get them _ next time.A.coming B.to come C.come D.have comeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。3.We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.A.getting B.got C.having got D.to getD解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。4.What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house.A.getting B.having got C.being got D.to getD解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smith thought of，一个是动词不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.5.The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night.A.entering B.enter C.to enter D.enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。6.Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet,but his father told him _.A.not to do B.not do it C.do not to D.not toD解析：tell sb.(not)to do sth.为了避免重复，后面省略了surf the Internet.7.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。See you next time!