英文倒装结构详解课件

倒装句专题倒装句专题v英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。倒装语序。正常语序正常语序的结构是的结构是“主语主语+谓语谓语”，倒装语序倒装语序为为“谓语（或谓语的一部分）谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语主语”。v倒装语序分为倒装语序分为完全倒装完全倒装和和部分倒装部分倒装两种。两种。v完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面。例如：。例如：Then comes the bus。v部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动词部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。放在主语之前。例如：例如：Is she an English teacher?v一、完全倒装：一、完全倒装：1、副词副词here、there、in、out、up、down、away、back、now、then、ahead等位于句等位于句首，当谓语动词是首，当谓语动词是be、come、go、follow、run等等表示位置移动表示位置移动的动的动词，而且词，而且主语又是名主语又是名词时，词时，需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即完全需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即完全倒装。倒装。例句：例句：Hereisyourletter.Aheadsatanoldwoman.v注意注意:A）此类倒装不用进行时态。此类倒装不用进行时态。B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。倒装。2.充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。Inalecturehallofauniversitysitsaprofessor.典型例题 v1.-Letshurry.Listen!There_.-Oh，yes.Hastheteachercomeyet?-Look!Here_.Athebellgoes，ishecomingBgoesthebell，hecomesCthebellisgoing，heiscomingDgoesthebell，comeshev二、部分倒装：二、部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分（如指将谓语的一部分（如助动词、系动词助动词、系动词或情态动词或情态动词）倒装至主语之前。如果句）倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词等，则中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词等，则需添加助动词需添加助动词 do、does 或或 did，并将，并将其置于主语之前。其置于主语之前。v（一）具有（一）具有否定意义的副词否定意义的副词放句首：放句首：nor,little,few,never,hardly,seldom,barely,rarely,nowhere等等例句：例句：1）NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.2）Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.v典型例题典型例题 1）IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_sohappy!(2000，spring)A.didIfeelB.IfeelC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt2）Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_witheachother.(2003)A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled v（二）含有（二）含有否定意义的连词否定意义的连词放句首放句首:notuntil,notonlybutalso.，nosoonerthan.，scarcely.than.，/hardly.when.，neither.nor.，v注意：注意：1）not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。2）not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely要倒，要倒，but(also)，than，when后面的句子不倒。后面的句子不倒。3）neither.nor.两部分都倒装。两部分都倒装。v典型例题v1）Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriouspollutionwas.(95)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealizev2）Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis，allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis，areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself，areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself，allhisstudentsarev3）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknowv4）Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegunv5）NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealizev（三）（三）含有含有否定意义的介词短语否定意义的介词短语放句首：放句首：bynomeans，innotime，innocase，onnoaccount，undernocircumstances.典型例题典型例题 WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermitted v（四）（四）so，neither，nor 作部分倒装作部分倒装 表示表示“也也”、“也不也不”的句子要部分倒装。的句子要部分倒装。v例句：例句：1)TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.2)Ifyouwontgo，neitherwillI.典型例题典型例题-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow，_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealsov注意：注意：当当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确的确如此如此”。vTomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.v-Itsraininghard.-Soitis.v典型例题v-Youforgetyourpursewhenyouwentout.-Goodheavens，_.(2002)A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodidv-Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.-_，and_.(1997)A.Sohehas，soyouhaveB.Sohehas，sohaveyouC.Sohashe，sohaveyouD.Sohashe，soyouhavev（五）（五）only在句首要在句首要倒装的情况倒装的情况v-Onlyinthisway，canyoulearnEnglishwell.-Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.v如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从主句倒装，从句不倒装句不倒装。v-Onlywhenheisseriouslyill，doesheeverstayinbed.v典型例题 v-_canyouexpecttogetapayrise.(2001)A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshardv-Onlyinthisway_tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.(2003)A.youcanhopeB.youdidmoreC.canyouhopeD.didyouhopev（六）（六）as，though 引导的倒装句引导的倒装句 as/though 引导的让步从句必须引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语将表语或状语提前提前（形容词（形容词、副词副词、分词、分词、实义动词提前实义动词提前）。例句：例句：Tryhardashewill，heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Childasheis,heknowsalot.v注意注意:1、句首名词不能带任何冠词。、句首名词不能带任何冠词。2、句首是实义动词、句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在其他助动词放在主语主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。动词一起放在主语之前。3、让步状语从句中，有、让步状语从句中，有though、although时，后面的主句不能有时，后面的主句不能有but，但是，但是though和和yet可连用。可连用。v典型例题 v-_，heknowsalotofthings.A.ThechildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasheisD.Childheasisv-_，Ihaveneverseenanyonewhosascapable(有能力）有能力）asJohn.(2001)A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetravledsomuchv（七）（七）if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句的倒装的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were，should，或或 had，可将可将 if 省略省略，再把，再把 were，should 或或 had 移移到从句句首，实行倒装到从句句首，实行倒装。v-Weretheyherenow，theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow，theycouldhelpus.v-Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavemethim.v-Shoulditrain，thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.v注意注意:在虚拟语气的从句中，动词在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 be 的过的过去时态一律用去时态一律用“were”，不用，不用 was，即在从即在从句中句中 be 用用 were 代替。代替。v-IfIwereyou，Iwouldgotolookforhim.如如果我是你，就会去找他。果我是你，就会去找他。-Ifhewerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。v典型例题 v-_todothework，Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasIv-_itraintomorrow，wewouldhaveputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(94)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Willv-_forthetreetickets，Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmsooften.(95sh)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HadnotitbeenD.Iftheywerenotv（八）其他部分倒装（八）其他部分倒装 1)so.that.，such.that.的句子结构中，若的句子结构中，若so，such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，和与其所修饰的词置于句首，主句主句实行部分倒装。实行部分倒装。e.g -Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.v典型例题典型例题vSodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.(2001)A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeelv2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：在某些表示祝愿的句型中：Mayyouallbehappy.v3）Therebe句型句型:Therelive(stand,appear,seem,remain,exist):例句：例句：-Thereisamanatthedoorwhowantstoseeyou.-Thereoncelivedanoldhunterinthathouse.-Thereseemstobesomemisunderstandingaboutthematter.（九）（九）在以在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday,等作状语的等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。频度副词位于句首时。OftendidIspeakofhimbefore.Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyexperiment.Inversion(倒装句倒装句)部分倒装还是完全倒装?若有主从句，哪句倒装?简单小结：一、一、只只主句主句倒装倒装 Not until从句从句+主句主句 So+adj./adv.+that从句从句 Only+状语从句状语从句+主句主句 No sooner+than从句从句 Hardly/Scarcely+when从句从句二、二、只从句倒装只从句倒装 省略省略if的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句 as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 三、两句都倒装三、两句都倒装 neither.nor.四、只倒装第一句四、只倒装第一句 not only.but(also)强强化化练练习习1_theplane.ADownflyingBDownwasflyingCDownflewDFlewdown2Underabigtree_,halfasleep.AdidsatafatmanBafatmansatCdidafatmansatDsatafatmanCD3.Sheplaysthepianoverywell._.ASoeveryoneofusdoesBEveryoneofusdoesCSodoeseveryoneofusDSodoeveryoneofus4.Never_suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.AarehangingBhadIseenCIhaveseenDhaveIseenCD5.Notonly_apromise,butalsohekeptit.AhashemadeBdoeshemakeChemadeDdidhemake6.Notuntilhegotoffthebus_thathehadgothiswalletstolen.AhefoundBdidhefindChehadfoundDhadhefound7.Onlyinthisway_progressinyourEnglish.AyoumakeBcanyoumakeCyoubeabletomakeDwillyouabletomakeDBB8._andcaughtthemouse.AUpthecatjumpedBThecatupjumpedCUpjumpedthecatDJumpedupthecat9.-Whereisyourfather?-Oh,_.AherehecomesBheherecomesCheredoeshecomeDherecomesheCA10._inwhichtheyhadcametotheisland.ANearbyweretwocanoesBNearbytwocanoeswereCWeretwocanoesnearbyDTwocanoesnearbywere11.Thedooropenedandthere_.AentersanoldmanBenteredanoldmanCdidanoldmanenterDanoldmanenteredAB12.Little_whenItookthetripand_didmybrother.AhaveIknown;soBhadIknow;neitherCdoIknow;soDdidIknow;neither13.Wasitnot_youarrivedathishouse_youdiscoveredthathewasonholiday?Awhen;thatBuntil;didCuntil;thatDwhen;didDC14.Manyatime_toseemewhile_inhospital.Adidhecome;wasIBdidhecome;IwasChecame;wasIDhewas;Iwas15.Nowandthen_uptoseewhathappened.AdidhewakeBhewakeChewakesDhedidwake16.Sheisnotfondofcooking,_I.AsoamBnoramCneitherdoIDnordo17.Earlyinthemorning_thenews_theChineseTeamdefeatedtheJapaneseTeam.Acomes;whatB.came;thatCcomes;thatDcame;whatBABB18.Atthefootofthemountain_.AlieabeautifullakeBdoesabeautifullakelieCliesabeautifullakeDdoabeautifullakelie19.Atnotime_hispersonalinterestfirst.AshouldacommunistplaceB.acommunistshouldplaceCacommunistplaceDdoesacommunistplaceCA20.Onthewall_twolargeportraits.AarehangingBhangedChangDhangs21.Notonce_theirplan.AdidtheychangeBtheychangedCchangedtheyDtheydidchanged22.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_sohappy!(NMET2000春季春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltCAD23.Little_abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海上海1994)A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared24.Notonly_pollutedbut_crowded.(上海上海1991)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswereBC25._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(上海上海1995)AIfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot26.So_thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海上海1992)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow27.Notasinglesong_atyesterdaysparty.(上上海海2000)AshesangBsangsheCdidshesingCCC28.Hardly_whenitbegantorain.AhadhearrivedBarrivedheChehadarrivedDdidhearrive29.Mr.Smithpromisedtohelpmeand_thenextday.AneitherhedidBsohedidCneitherdidheDsodidheAB