独立主格结构课件

defeatabsorbblameanalyseattendcureexposeconsist ofattractdivide.intobreak away fromrejectdelightapart fromA competitiondefeatabsorbblameanalyseattend1Who:John SnowHis achievement:Defeat choleraWhen John Snow defeated cholera,he felt relieved and excited cholera,John Snow felt relieved and excitedCholera ,John Snow felt relieved and excitedWhat:a British mapThe red part:EnglandThe yellow part:Wales课本再现：课本再现：Now when people refer to England,they mean Wales included as well.England now,people mean Wales included as well.England now,people find Wales included as well.DefeatingdefeatedReferring toreferred to非谓语动词做状语，其非谓语动词做状语，其逻辑与句子的主语逻辑与句子的主语一致一致。Who:John SnowHis achievement:2一、什么是独立主格结构？一、什么是独立主格结构？由一个相当于由一个相当于主语主语的的名词或代词名词或代词加上非谓语动词、加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。The Absolute Structure独立主格结构一、什么是独立主格结构？由一个相当于3The geography of the UK (puzzle)me,I went to the library to look up related data（资料）.It was Sunday,the library didnt open.There no buses,I had to walk to a bookstore.The classes (be)over,I went out of the classroom.注意注意在下列两种情况下，独立主格中的在下列两种情况下，独立主格中的being不能省略。不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。(2)There be结构中。结构中。二二、独立主格结构的构成形式、独立主格结构的构成形式：1、逻辑主语逻辑主语+V-ing 其中其中逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。puzzlebookstorepuzzlingbeingbeingbeingThe classes over,overlibrary(True or False)The geography of the UK 42、逻辑主语逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。British history (study)，we have a better understanding of its geography.Finally Northern Ireland was joined to the Great Britain,the UK came into being.England (divide)roughly into three parts,it is convenient for us to know about it.England (invade)by four sets of invaders,evidence can be found around the British countryside.studieddividedinvaded(True or False)2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动53、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）/介宾结构介宾结构 该结构相当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主系系表表”结构。如：结构。如：So many places of interest in London ，many visitors are attracted to London every year.The lights of London ,London seems more beautiful.,you can travel around Londonmore conveniently.伦敦有如此多的美丽的名胜古迹，每年有大量的游客被吸引到伦敦。伦敦有如此多的美丽的名胜古迹，每年有大量的游客被吸引到伦敦。霓虹灯下的伦敦显得更加美丽。霓虹灯下的伦敦显得更加美丽。一张地图在手，你在伦敦旅游方便得多。一张地图在手，你在伦敦旅游方便得多。Map in hand beautiful onA map in your handThe tower of Londow3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）/介宾结构 So many p6Every year there are many visitors to London ，most of are Chinese.,most of Chinese.,and most of are Chinese.;most of are Chinese.A.them B.who C.whom D.解题技巧解题技巧：一般：一般逗号逗号(comma)不连接两个独立的句子，不连接两个独立的句子，但但分号分号(semicolon)、破折号破折号(dash)可以！可以！4.逻辑主语逻辑主语+名词名词/不定式不定式 不定式表示未发生的动作或发生不定式表示未发生的动作或发生在句子谓语动作之后。在句子谓语动作之后。The guide (lead)the way,we wont worry about our safety in Britain.to leadAAAcEvery year there are many vis7三、独立主格结构的三、独立主格结构的特点特点：n./pron.+v.-ingv.-edto doadj./adv.介宾结构介宾结构n.结构结构独立主格结构独立主格结构是一个独立的句子吗？是一个独立的句子吗？是一个从句吗？是一个从句吗？前可以有前可以有and、but、so等连词吗？等连词吗？前可以有前可以有when、what、why等从句连接词吗？等从句连接词吗？三、独立主格结构的特点：n./pron.+v.-ingv.-81、独立主格独立主格结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化;2、它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开;3、独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式转化为分词形式.Summary:1、独立主格结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以2、它与其主句之间9四四、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：It being Sunday,the library didnt open.As it was Sunday,the library didnt open.There being no buses,I had to walk to a bookstore.Because there were no buses,I had to walk to a bookstore.2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,as soon as,after等引导的时间状语从句。等引导的时间状语从句。Cholera defeated,John Snow felt relieved and excitedWhen cholera was defeated,John Snow felt relieved and excitedEngland referred to now,people find Wales included as well.practiceWhen England is referred to now,people find Wales included as well.四、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语 该结构103、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如引导的条件状语从句。如：The guide to lead the way,we wont worry about our safety in Britain.If the guide leads the way,we wont worry about our safety in Britain.4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：A map in your hand,you can travel around Londonmore conveniently.With a map in your hand,you can travel around Londonmore conveniently.3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条11五、五、with+复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法with+复合宾语复合宾语”结构结构:是指是指“with+宾语（名词或代词）宾语（名词或代词）+形容词或副词、形容词或副词、非谓语动词（分词、不定式）等非谓语动词（分词、不定式）等”所构成的一种介词短语。所构成的一种介词短语。n./pron.+v.-ingv.-edto doadj./adv.介宾结构介宾结构n.with+五、with+复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法with 12with复合复合结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示若内部动词表示将将来或发生在谓语动作之后来或发生在谓语动作之后（无论主动还是被动）（无论主动还是被动），则用，则用不定式不定式；若内部动词表示；若内部动词表示被动且属过去被动且属过去，则用，则用过去分词过去分词；若内部动词表示若内部动词表示持续主动动作持续主动动作，则用，则用现在分词现在分词。With the guild (lead)the way,we had no trouble finding the village.With the guild (lead)the way,well have no trouble finding the village.With so much homework (do),I dont have time to play basketball.With a lot of things (fill)his mind,he didnt notice me come in.With his mind (fill)with a lot of things,he didnt notice me come in.leadingto leadto do fillingfilled注意注意with复合结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点13with复合复合结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：一、原因状语一、原因状语With the machine (work)all the time,we finished harvesting crops in time.二、时间状语二、时间状语With his work (finish),the secretary began to walk home.三、伴随状语三、伴随状语She left the offices with tears _.The murderer was brought in,with his hands (tie).四、后置定语四、后置定语Do you know the man _ a book in his hand?workingfinished in her eyestied behindwithwith复合结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：一、原因状语wo14微写作写作素材写作素材西蒙因为西蒙因为接触了致命的接触了致命的病毒而患了病毒而患了重重病病。一系列的检测后，他一系列的检测后，他感染感染了了SARS。在各种尝试在各种尝试治疗治疗下，医生和专家下，医生和专家宣布宣布他他的病情好多了的病情好多了。尽管尽管SARS病毒被打败了但是在完全康复病毒被打败了但是在完全康复之前他还需要之前他还需要护理护理一段时间。一段时间。Use the Absolute Structure or with+o.+o.c.if necessary.Group Work写作素材西蒙因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。一系列的检15连句成篇连句成篇Simon exposed to a deadly virus，his illness was very severe.With a series of tests made,he was infected with SARS.Fortunately,with all the attempts to cure him，the experts and doctors announced that he was better.However,SARS virus defeated,he needed attending before he was fully recovered.连句成篇Simon exposed to a deadl16Homework:1、完成微写作，并适当添加一些细节；、完成微写作，并适当添加一些细节；2、复习、巩固独立主格结构的相关知识点、复习、巩固独立主格结构的相关知识点。Homework:1、完成微写作，并适当添加一些细节；17Thank you!18first only Englandthe 13th century AD,England+Wales.1603,England+Wales+Scotland Great BritainLater,Great Britain+Northern IrelandEnglandthe United Kingdomfirst only Englandthe 13th cen19London Tower BridgeLondon Tower Bridge20Hyde parkHyde park21London EyeLondon EyeLondon Eye22The Tower of LondonWestminster AbbeyThe Tower of Westminster Abbey23Buckingham PalaceBuckingham Palace24St Pauls Cathedralsplendid St Pauls Cathedralsplendid 25Royal Observatory in GreenwichRoyal Observatory in Greenwich26The Meridian LineThe Meridian Line Longitude 0 The Meridian Line Longitude 027Karl Marx s StatueKarl Marx s Statue28In the England history,there are several invasions.They are:_,_,_,_.the Romans the Anglo-Saxons the Vikingsthe NormansInvadersIn the England history,there 29