外语教育心理学课件

PsychologyofDepartment of EnglWhy do you want BrainstormingWhy should we Chapter OnePairworkWhy do you learn Engliattracted by the sounds&the BrainstormWhere is English usein different jobsfor communicationsfor communicationsfor communicationsfor communicationsfor communications外语教育心理学课件For passing examsFor passing examsFor passing examsFor passing examsCET 4&6CET 4&6GRE,SAT,GRE,SAT,BEC,IELTSBEC,IELTSFor passing examsCET 4&6For being ableFor being ableFor being ableFor being able to read the originals to read the originals to read the originals to read the originals For being ableHowever,their interest Once they find out that Being successful MaslowsPhysiological needsSafHierarchylay basic foundationsDo you think foreign students Chapter TwoWhat is the nature Education Education optionalcompulsorygeFive goals of Chinese educatioFive goals of American educatiThe purpose For enjoymentFor appreciationFnoon good poxpox E E K K A A M M I LI L TA TA SWSWSWSW pete pete pete peteMOMANONMOMANON C C R R R O A D R O A D S S S S MAN MAN campus campus feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet E songssongsIf youre going to San FrancicsoIf youre going to San FrancicsoBe sure to wear Some flowers in your hairBe sure to wear Some flowers in your hairIf youre going to San FranciscoIf youre going to San FranciscoYoure gonna meet Some gentle people thereYoure gonna meet Some gentle people thereFor those who come To San FranciscoFor those who come To San FranciscoSummertime Summertime Will be a love-in thereWill be a love-in thereIn the streets of San FranciscoIn the streets of San FranciscoGentle peopleGentle peopleWith flowers in their hairWith flowers in their hairAll across the nationAll across the nationSuch a strange vibrationSuch a strange vibrationPeople in motionPeople in motionTheres a whole generationTheres a whole generationWith a new explanationWith a new explanationPeople in motion People in motion People in motionPeople in motionFor those who comeFor those who comeTo San FranciscoTo San FranciscoBe sure to wear Some flowers in your hairBe sure to wear Some flowers in your hairIf you come to San FranciscoIf you come to San FranciscoSummertime Summertime Will be a love-in thereWill be a love-in thereSan FranciscoIf youre going to San FrancicFamous people talk about educaJean PiagetAs he developed deassimilationschemasadaptation He also developed the idea TheEdward Lee Thorndike dealt witHe investigated and wrote abouadvocated progressive educationJohn Dewey advocated What the school is?I believe that education,therI believe that the school mustI believe that much of presentThe value of these is conceiveI believe that the teacher is What education is?I believe that the only true eI believe that this eduationalOf these two sides,It is impossible To prepare him for the future that his eye and ear and handbIn sum,I believe that the indif we eliminate the individualIf we eliminate the social facEducation,therefore,must begErik EriksonWhile Freuds theoHe also contributed to our undWhat is Eriksons theory Unlike Freuds theory of psychEight social stagesStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4-Industry vs.InferiorityStage 4-Industry vs.InferiorityStage 4-Industry vs.InferioStage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8 Alfred BinetFrench psychologisHoward Gardner Howard GardnerI want my children to understaChapter FourWhere does the stuThe motivation comes from the Intrinsic motivation is a response to needs that exist within the learner,such as curiosity,the need to know,and feelings of competence or growth.What is intrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from outside the learner,such as motivation resulting from reinforcement in the form of high test scores or teacher compliments.What is extrinsic motivationEffective SourceConsumableEntertainmentIndependence Adult approvalPeer approvalCompetitionPrivilege or Responsibility SourceWhat makes our students learn?How and why students being coaChallenge,arouse curiosity How can we make students interTeacher decides everything!AtTeaching methods decide everytWhat is a teachable moment?Teachers words play inflectioTeachers role is the directorStudents are actors and actresTextbooks are play scripts,What things and who prizespeerTeachers How can studentsWhat kind of lessons given TeacherTeacherstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentstudentWhat kind of seat Model 1TeachTeacherTeacherModel 2Teacher18 persons20 personsModel 3TeacherTeacherTeacher22 personsModel 416 personsModel 5How to prepare a lesson?find odesign activitiesprepare prizeSome Language Teaching ApproacImmersionPhonics Total PhysicaHow to teach easily-distractedMore listening,How to teach How to teach goal-oriented What do teachers need to know?What do teachers Awareness of the needs of children Awareness of the value of child-centered activities Awareness of the needs of The overall needs of a child-Children study activities which have practical Children study activities which have practical educational valueeducational value-Children are motivated and interested in what Children are motivated and interested in what they are studyingthey are studying-Children are introduced to a wide range of Children are introduced to a wide range of natural English.This language is meaningful natural English.This language is meaningful and understandable,because of the activities and understandable,because of the activities are meaningful and understandable.are meaningful and understandable.The overall needs of a childChAbout games1.Play has a key role in the learning process for children.Although play obviously has a key role in the emotional,social,intellectual and language development of children,it has a relatively minor role in the more formal classroom.Aside from formulaic games,play is also largely overlooked in contemporary EFL coursebook for children.About games1.Play has a key 2.Play is a source of motivation,interest and enjoyment Play is often considered as the first step to loss of control by the teacher.It is often overlooked as a means of class control.Motivation and interest in play can have a key role in maintaining a natural and mutually respected code of discipline.2.Play is a source of motivat3.Parents may become anxious if 3.Parents may become anxious if children say they have children say they have playedplayed in the in the language lesson.language lesson.Many parents are over-anxious for their children to learn as much as possible at school in as short a time period as possible.They may overlook the value of play in the learning process(and their own negative learning experience in a formal learning situation)in favor of the more traditional language learning activities such as choral drills,copying from the board and completion of repetitive exercises.3.Parents may become anxious 4.Teachers may reject coursebooks which place a high priority on play Most coursebooks omit the word Most coursebooks omit the word playplay from from promotional literature,although recently fun promotional literature,although recently fun has become an acceptable term to include.has become an acceptable term to include.Many teachers may feel threatened by an Many teachers may feel threatened by an overemphasis on the value of play in the overemphasis on the value of play in the learning of a language-since this can give learning of a language-since this can give rise to noise and overexcitement in the rise to noise and overexcitement in the classroom without any apparent associated classroom without any apparent associated evidence that language learning is taking evidence that language learning is taking placeplace4.Teachers may reject courseb.Should teachers therefore only consider play where it is possible to produce evidence(such as completed written exercises)that the play has performed a teaching/learning function?.Should teachers therefore on5.For children,inside and outside the classroom,playing is a source of language,and a context for language use.When in a new foreign language situation,When in a new foreign language situation,children will often happily play with new children will often happily play with new friends,using gesture and the odd key word friends,using gesture and the odd key word as a form of communication.as a form of communication.5.For children,inside and ouThe play/game itself provides the main content and form of communication.There seem to be very few barriers between children who do not speak the same language where play is concerned.What implication does this have for the more formal teaching situation?The play/game itself provides6.The content of play/games should be linked 6.The content of play/games should be linked to the overall theme/topic of the lesson to the overall theme/topic of the lesson It is all too easy to have a bag of games to fill the dead moments in a lesson,or to use as a prize for good behavior.However,with a little careful consideration a game can be adapted to link,in terms of vocabulary,language form or topic,to most themes or coursebook units.6.The content of play/games s7.Games/play are an essential part of a curriculum,not a time filler or reward As stated in points 1 and 2 above,play has a key role in the learning process for children and provides an excellent source of motivation,interest and enjoyment.Games/play are an essential 8.Games/play should encourage group Games/play should encourage group support and not merely competition support and not merely competition between children and groupsbetween children and groups Children enjoy competitive games and these Children enjoy competitive games and these can serve as a motivation for successful can serve as a motivation for successful participation.However,if only competitive participation.However,if only competitive games are played,or too much value is given games are played,or too much value is given to winning,the more able children will to winning,the more able children will receive much praise the expense of the receive much praise the expense of the weaker pupils in the class.It is therefore weaker pupils in the class.It is therefore extremely important to provide co-operative extremely important to provide co-operative as well as competitive play and games within as well as competitive play and games within the classroom.the classroom.Games/play should encourage g9.Children should be encouraged to decide/9.Children should be encouraged to decide/choose the games they want to play in Englishchoose the games they want to play in English The playing of familiar and popular games in English is a valuable source of authentic language input.Similarly,children will be highly motivated to acquire language so that they can play their favorite game successfully in English.9.Children should be encourag10.The play/game I enjoyed playing when I The play/game I enjoyed playing when I was a child waswas a child was It is/isn It is/isn t possible to use t possible to use this game in my language teachingthis game in my language teaching It is very easy to forget the games we used to play.Children are usually very ready to take part in any game that teacher used to play when he/she was a child.A teachers emotional commitment to a traditional game is an excellent justification for bringing it to his/her teaching situation.The play/game I enjoyed playi-Children are taught in English-Children are not introduced to English language in an artificially pre-determined sequence of grammatical structures or functions;the input form the teacher,and their learning about their world,is in EnglishChildren are taught in English-Children can be taught in mixed ability groups:children with more English will speak more about the activity they are doing,and help lower-level classmates at eh same time.-The learning focuses on the individual child:each child is encouraged to acquire language at his or her own pace and own manner.外语教育心理学课件Priorities for teachers of childrenA key priority for teachers is to establish a good working relationship with children,and to encourage them to do the same with their classmates.The teachers role is that of parent,teacher,friend,motivator,co-ordinator,organizer.Priorities for teachers of chiThe skills for these roles have more to do with understanding childrens development,childrens needs,childrens interests,the children themselves-than with EFL methodology alone.The skills for these roles havYoung children have specific learning needs.It is not sufficient to provide children,whether native or non-native speakers,with a programme of study which merely focuses on language,or indeed on any other isolated skill.Instead,it is necessary to offer a whole learning situation in which language development is an integral part of the learning taking place,and not the only end product.Young children have specific lMoreover,it is extremely difficult to know what children in any given lesson can or will learn.What is known is that children learn best when they are involved,and when their work is valued.They learn best when they are the owners of their work when they have the opportunity to experience and experiment for themselves.Moreover,it is extremely diffPutting the childrens needs firstIn the EFL classroom there is a lot of pressure on the teacher to produce immediate,tangible results.Teachers worry about their own performance;parents want to hear their children speak English;administrators need concrete evidence of progress.Teachers therefore feel responsible if specific new structures and new words are not learned and produced every lesson.Putting the childrens needs fThis is potentially a very harmful state of affairs since silence does not mean that the children are ignorant or not learning.Indeed,there is evidence that,in a total immersion situation,for example,many children go through a silent period during which they are processing their language environment.This is potentially a very harA needs spidergram Needs of Needs of childrenchildrenMotivationMotivation successsuccessFun Fun Socialization/Socialization/friendshipfriendshipinterestinterestConfidence/gainConfidence/gainSelf-valueSelf-valueLearn new thingsLearn new thingsSecurity Security A needs spidergram MotivatioA needs spidergram Action taken Action taken by the by the teacherteacherProvide a friendlyProvide a friendlyLearning environmentLearning environment Provide Provide child-centered child-centered activitiesactivitiesBe sensitiveBe sensitiveif you criticizeif you criticizeProvide lots ofProvide lots ofChanges of activityChanges of activityDisplay the Display the childrens workchildrens workEncourage andEncourage andpraisepraiseDont alwaysDont alwaysCorrect mistakesCorrect mistakesChange the groupingChange the groupingof the children severalof the children severaltimes within a lesson times within a lesson A needs spidergram Provide a Moreover,if teachers insist on accurate production as evidence of achievement from children,they will encourage a considerable percentage of children to fail.Children who have tried their best and failed to produce the result the teacher wants will often lose confidence and interest.They will feel,quite wrongly,that English too difficult for them-and stop trying.外语教育心理学课件 Children should therefore be allowed to learn at their own pace,and language learning targets should not be forced upon them because of an external and non-flexible language syllabus.Children should th Those who favor an activity-based approach feel that children gain in confidence and motivation by studying English in an activity-based environment,where the main objective is the successful completion of a practical task in English.Those who favor an activ Since the focus is initially on the practical task,children can be encouraged to work out for themselves what they want to say about their own work,at their own level.They can be allowed to make language mistakes without the fear of failure Since the focus is initiall.In this way,a teacher is laying the foundations for a successful language learner.Most children will speak in the classroom and speak well when they are ready to speak,and have something they wish to speak about.In this way,a teacher is laErrors and correction The long-term aim of teaching English is for the pupils to speak English confidently,correctly and fluently.However,it is neither reasonable nor desirable to have this expectation at the beginning of a language program.Errors and correction The lonYoung learners may have ten or more years of language study ahead of them.In the early stages of a language course for children,it is important to establish priorities for the child as a learner.These include:Young learners may have ten or_ _ building confidence-Providing the motivation to learn English;-Encouraging ownership of language-Encouraging children to communicate with whatever language they have at their disposal(mime,gesture,key word,drawings,etc.)-Encouraging children to treat English as a communication tool,not as an end product._ building confidence-Showing children that English is fun.-Establishing a trusting relationship with the children,and encouraging them to do the same with their classmates;-Giving children an experience of a wide range of English language in a non-threatening environment.外语教育心理学课件 Moreover,the correction of errors in the early stages of a language course may foster the following negative aspects:-Children lose confidence from fear of making mistakes;-Children become reluctant to take risks:they only say what they know they can say;-Children become dependent on the teacher for correction;-The need for accuracy interferes with the need to communicate.Moreover,the correction ofGroup support Speaking a foreign language requires the learner to take risks.To make mistakes in front of many others can be a daunting experience for young learners.Until children feel comfortable and secure in the class they may learn very little.This sense of security takes time to develop and needs to be built up throughout the year.Group support Speaking a forThe pace of learning Children do not all learn at the same pace or in Children do not all learn at the same pace or in the same manner.Pace within a lesson is a the same manner.Pace within a lesson is a matter of experience,and sensitivity to matter of experience,and sensitivity to individual needs.The temptation is often to individual needs.The temptation is often to work too fast through materials,rather than to work too fast through materials,rather than to exploit the ability and interest of the children.It exploit the ability and interest of the children.It is necessary,for example,for all the children to is necessary,for example,for all the children to complete all the activities that a book plete all the activities that a book suggests.Moreover,when children have successfully Moreover,when children have successfully mastered an activity,it may well be more useful mastered an activity,it may well be more useful to build on this success to move on to the next to build on this success to move on to the next unit.unit.The pace of learning Childr It is also important to incorporate many changes of activity within one lesson.This means that the children should be introduced to language and content through a variety of steps and activities.Some may involve movement,others may be more passive.Since the attention span of young learners can be extremely short,change of pace(and approach)within a teaching sequence is vital.It is also important to inc In terms of overall pace through a course,this very much depends on the teacher and the class.One of the strong features of activity-based materials is that learning is not tied to a linear sequence of structures and functions.Teachers are able m