项目管理知识体系(下)

上传人:ra****d 文档编号:241617136 上传时间:2024-07-10 格式:PPT 页数:181 大小:3.27MB
返回 下载 相关 举报
项目管理知识体系(下)_第1页
第1页 / 共181页
项目管理知识体系(下)_第2页
第2页 / 共181页
项目管理知识体系(下)_第3页
第3页 / 共181页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述
Project Management Workshop Project Management Workshop 工程管理培训续工程管理培训续仅限内部使用,不得外传1Scope 内容内容Project quality management (Ch.8)工程质量管理工程质量管理Project human resource management (Ch.9)工程人力资源管工程人力资源管理理Project communications management (Ch.10)工程沟通管理工程沟通管理Project risk management (Ch.11)工程风险管理工程风险管理Project procurement management (Ch.12)工程采购管理工程采购管理仅限内部使用,不得外传2Course Objectives 课程目标课程目标1.Introducing the audience to key project quality management,HR management,communication management,risk management and procurement management concepts,tools and techniques给学员介绍关键的工程质量管理,人力资源管理,给学员介绍关键的工程质量管理,人力资源管理,沟通管理,风险管理和采购管理的概念,工具和技术沟通管理,风险管理和采购管理的概念,工具和技术2.Enhancing the audiences understanding of the key concepts through applications 使学员在应用过程中促进对概念的理解使学员在应用过程中促进对概念的理解3.Exchanging project management experience with the audience与学员进行工程管理经验的交流与学员进行工程管理经验的交流仅限内部使用,不得外传3Scope(1)第第1局部局部Project quality management (Ch.8)工程质量管理工程质量管理Project human resource management (Ch.9)工程人力资源管理工程人力资源管理Project communications management (Ch.10)工程沟通管理工程沟通管理Project risk management (Ch.11)工程风险管理工程风险管理Project procurement management (Ch.12)工程采购管理工程采购管理仅限内部使用,不得外传4Project Quality Management工程质量管理工程质量管理PM Quality Management Base 工程经理质量管理根底工程经理质量管理根底Quality Planning(8.1)质量方案质量方案Quality Assurance(8.2)质量保证质量保证Quality Control(8.3)质量控制质量控制Questions问题问题仅限内部使用,不得外传5Three Fundamental Concepts三个根本概念三个根本概念 1.1、Quality质量The totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.一个实体满足明确或隐含需求的能力的特性的总和仅限内部使用,不得外传62.2、Grade质量等级A category or rank given to entities having the same functional use but different requirements for quality.对给定实体来说,具有相同使用功能不同质量要求的质量范畴和等级Three Fundamental Concepts三个根本概念三个根本概念 仅限内部使用,不得外传73.3、Project Quality Management工程质量管理4.A subset of Project Management that includes the processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.工程管理的一个分支,包括保证工程承诺要满足的需求所需的过程Three Fundamental Concepts 三个根本概念三个根本概念仅限内部使用,不得外传8Four Quality Management System四个质量管理系统四个质量管理系统四个质量管理系统四个质量管理系统ISO 9000:Basic Quality systems applicable to all industries 根本质量系统根本质量系统-应用于所有行业应用于所有行业QS 9000(ISO 9000+Automotive specific requirements)汽车业标准汽车业标准AS 9000(ISO 9000+Aerospace specific requirements)航空业标准航空业标准TL 9000(ISO 9000+Telecommunications specific requirements)电电信业标准信业标准仅限内部使用,不得外传9ISO 9000 Quality SystemISO9000ISO9000质量系统质量系统质量系统质量系统The series of standards that outline the requirements for a quality management system developed by the International Organization for Standardization.国际标准化组织制定的系列标准,规定了质量管理体系ISO 9000 standards provide a framework for quality system.They apply to an organization as a whole instead of product.ISO 9000标准规定了质量体系框架,应用于组织整体而非单一产品仅限内部使用,不得外传10Total Quality Management(TQM)全面质量管理全面质量管理TQMKey Elements要点要点Top management commitment企业高层的承诺企业高层的承诺Continual improvement持续改进持续改进Customer focus(internal and external)关注客户外部和内部关注客户外部和内部Produce-ability 生产能力生产能力Usability 可用性可用性Availability 有效性有效性Reliability 可靠性可靠性Tools and training 工具与培训工具与培训Maintainability可维护性可维护性Flexibility灵活性灵活性Social acceptability社会认可度社会认可度operability可操作性可操作性仅限内部使用,不得外传11Four Key Quality Experts四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家JuranBreakthrough in attitudes 质量管理观点的突破Identify the vital few projects明确了重大问题Determine how to overcome resistance给出了问题解决方案Institute the change启动质量管理问题的解决Institute the controls开始质量控制的实施Triple role concept(Owner,Designer,Constructor)提出了三个角色的概念业主,设计单位,建设单位Joseph M Juran仅限内部使用,不得外传12Four Key Quality Experts四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家DemingCreate constancy of purpose for improvement提出了持续质量改进的目标Adopt the new philosophy采用了新的思想体系Cease dependence on mass inspection取消了大规模质量检查Institute training启动了质量管理培训工作Plan,Do,Check,Act cycle发现了PDCA循环仅限内部使用,不得外传13Four Key Quality Experts四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家Taguchi IshikawaContinuous improvement processes(kaizen)持续改进过程(kaizen)Cause&Effect Diagrams(or Ishikawa of Fishbone Diagrams)原因结果图鱼骨图仅限内部使用,不得外传14Four Key Quality Experts四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家四位著名质量管理专家CrosbyManagement commitment明确了管理对质量的责任Quality improvement team质量改进小组Measurement质量衡量标准The cost of quality质量的本钱Zero defects planning零缺陷方案仅限内部使用,不得外传15PM Knowledge Areas and Processes工程管理知识领域与过程工程管理知识领域与过程8.Quality质量质量9.Human Resource10.Communication11.Risk12.ProcurementInitiatingPlanning8.1Quality planning质量计划9.1 Organizational planning9.2 Staff Acquisition10.1 Communications planning11.1 Risk identification11.2 Risk quantification11.3 Risk response development12.1 Procurement planning12.2 Solicitation planningExecuting8.2 Quality assurance质量保证9.3 Team development10.2 Information distribution12.3 Solicitation12.4 Source selection12.5 Contract administrationControlling8.3 Quality control质量控制10.3 Performance reporting11.4 Risk response controlClosing10.4 Administrative closure12.6 Contract close-out仅限内部使用,不得外传16Quality Planning质量方案质量方案Quality Planning identifying which quality stands are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.质质量量方方案案-澄澄清清与与工工程程相相关关的的质质量量标标准准,并并确确定到达标准的方法定到达标准的方法仅限内部使用,不得外传17Quality Planning-Inputs,Outputs,Tools&Techniques质量方案质量方案-输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术1.Quality Policy 质量政策2.Scope statement (5.2.3.1)范围描述3.Product description (5.1.1.1)产品描述4.Standards and regulation 标准和规范 5.Other process outputs其他过程输出Inputs输入1.Quality management Plan质量管理计划2.Operational Definitions操作说明3.Checklists检查清单4.Inputs to other processes输入到其他过程Outputs输出1.Benefit/cost analysis2.投入投入/产出分析产出分析3.Benchmarking 基准比较基准比较4.Flowcharting流程图流程图5.Design of experiments6.试验设计试验设计Tools&Techniques工具和技术工具和技术仅限内部使用,不得外传18Quality Policy 质量政策质量政策1.Quality policy is“the overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality,as formally expressed by top management.质质量量政政策策是是组组织织高高层层正式确定的组织的总体质量方针正式确定的组织的总体质量方针2.The project management team is responsible for ensuring that the project stakeholders are fully aware of the policy.工工程程管管理理小小组组有有责责任任确确保保工工程程干干系系人人明明确确以上质量政策以上质量政策仅限内部使用,不得外传19Scope Statement 范围描述范围描述范围描述范围描述1.Scope statement is the output of scope planning(5.2).2.范围描述是范围方案的输出范围描述是范围方案的输出 3.It should include:它应该包含:它应该包含:4.1)project justification 工程起因工程起因5.2)Project product 工程产品工程产品6.3)project deliverables 工程交付件工程交付件7.4)project objectives 工程目标工程目标仅限内部使用,不得外传20Tools and Techniques工具和技术工具和技术Benefit/cost analysis 投入产出分析Benchmarking基准比较Flowcharting流程图Design of experiments试验设计Benefit产出Cost本钱 Higher productivity更高的生产力更高的生产力 Lower costs更低的本钱更低的本钱 Increased shareholder satisfaction提高股东满意度提高股东满意度The expense associated with project quality management activities.与工程质量管理活动相关的费用Cause-and-effect diagrams/Ishikawa diagrams/fishbone diagrams 原因结果图/Ishikawa 图/鱼骨图System or process flowcharts 系统或过程流程图Compare actual or planned to others of the industry average in order to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a standard by which to measure performance.将实际或方案与业界平均进行比较,促进改进建议的提出,并提出工作衡量标准.Helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome协助确定对总体输出产生的影响最大的变量Less rework较少的返工仅限内部使用,不得外传21Quality Management Plan 质量管理方案质量管理方案It should describe how the project management team will implement its quality policy.应说明工程管理小组如何贯彻质量政策It must address quality control,quality assurance and quality improvement for the project.应致力于工程的质量控制、质量保证和质量改进In ISO9000 terminology,it should describe the project quality system:“the organizational structure,responsibilities procedures,processes,and resources needed to implement quality management.ISO9000中的术语,需说明质量体系:“组织结构,责任程序,流程和为贯彻质量管理所需的资源。仅限内部使用,不得外传22Operational Definitions 操作说明操作说明An operational definition describes,in very specific terms,what something is,and how it is measured by the quality control process.操作说明应以非常明确的条款,定义某项工作是什么,如何用质量控制流程来衡量。They are called metrics in some application areas.在一些应用领域,以上过程被称为“韵律学。仅限内部使用,不得外传23Quality Assurance 质量保证质量保证Quality Assurance evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.质质量量保保证证-定定期期对对整整个个工工程程运运行行情情况况进进行行评评估估,以以便使相关人员确信工程质量满足相关标准。便使相关人员确信工程质量满足相关标准。仅限内部使用,不得外传24Quality Assurance 质量保证续质量保证续Quality Assurance is the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system 质质量量保保证证是是在在质质量量体体系系中中执执行行的的有有方方案案的的、系系统统的的活活动。动。Quality Assurance should be performed throughout the project.质质量量保保证证应应贯贯穿穿在在整整个个工工程程过程中。过程中。仅限内部使用,不得外传25Quality Assurance-Quality Assurance-Inputs,Outputs,Tools&TechniquesInputs,Outputs,Tools&Techniques质量保证质量保证质量保证质量保证-输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术1.Quality Management Plan(8.1.3.1)质量管理计划2.Results of quality control measurements质量控制衡量的结果3.Operational definitions (8.1.3.2)操作说明Inputs输入1.Quality improvement质量改进Outputs输出1.Quality planning tools and techniques质量计划工具与技术质量计划工具与技术 2.Quality audits质量审计质量审计Tools&Techniques工具和技术工具和技术仅限内部使用,不得外传26Quality Audit 质量审计质量审计A quality audit is a structured review of other quality managements activities.质量审计是对其他质量管理活动的结构化审视The objective is to identify lessons learned.质量审计的目标是确定经验和教训Quality audit may be scheduled or random 质量审计可以按方案进行,也可以随机进行Quality audit may be carried out by internal auditors or third parties such as quality system registration agencies.质量审计可以由内部审计人员进行,也可以由第三方比方质量体系注册代理机构承担仅限内部使用,不得外传27Quality Control 质量控制质量控制Quality Control monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance.质质量量控控制制-监监控控特特定定的的工工程程结结果果,以以确确定定是是否否符符合合相相应的质量标准并明确消除不符合要求行为的方法。应的质量标准并明确消除不符合要求行为的方法。仅限内部使用,不得外传28Quality Control-Quality Control-Inputs,Outputs,Tools&TechniquesInputs,Outputs,Tools&Techniques质量控制质量控制质量控制质量控制-输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术1.Work results(4.2.3.1)工作结果2.Quality Management Plan(8.1.3.1)质量管理计划3.Operational definitions (8.1.3.2)操作说明4.Checklists(8.1.3.3)检查表Inputs输入1.Quality improvement质量改进2.Acceptance decisions接受决定3.Rework 返工4.Completed checklists完成的检查表5.Process adjustments流程调整Outputs输出1.Inspection检查检查2.Control charts控制表控制表3.Pareto diagrams4.柏拉图(直方图)柏拉图(直方图)5.Statistical Sampling6.统计抽样统计抽样7.Flowcharting流程图流程图8.Trend analysis9.趋势分析趋势分析Tools&Techniques工具和技术工具和技术仅限内部使用,不得外传29Scope Verification&Quality ControlScope Verification&Quality Control范围确认和质量控制范围确认和质量控制范围确认和质量控制范围确认和质量控制 Scope verification is the process of formalizing acceptance of the project scope by the stakeholders.范围确认-是工程干系人正式接受工程范围的过程Main concern is the acceptance of the work result.主要关注点-是工作结果的验收Output-is formal acceptance.输出-正式的验收Quality control is monitoring specific project results质量控制-是对特定工程成果的监控Main concern is the correctness of the work result.主要关注点-是工作结果的正确性Outputs are quality improvement,acceptance decisions,rework,completed checklists,process adjustments 输出-质量改进,验收决定,返工,完成的检查表,流程调整仅限内部使用,不得外传30Pareto Diagrams 柏拉图柏拉图Whats it?什么是柏拉图?A Pareto diagram is a histogram,ordered by frequency of occurrence,that show how many results were generated by type or category of identified cause.柏拉图是一个柱状图,按发生的频率排序,表示各种不同种类的因素的影响程度Application 应用Rank ordering is used to guide corrective action 按等级排序,用于指导纠正行为Drawbacks 缺点It cannot tell the influence or sequence of the defects.The defect of greatest number might not be the primary one.不能辨明问题影响或重要性顺序,产生问题多的地方不一定是问题最严重的地方仅限内部使用,不得外传31Terminology Differentiation 术语的区别术语的区别Quality Audit(8.2.2.2)is a structured review of other quality management activities.It identifies lessons learned that can improve performance of this project or other projects within the performing organization.It can be scheduled or random,carried out by internal or external auditors.质量审计是对其他质量管理活动的结构性审视。它总结学到的经验和教训,用以改进本工程或组织内的其他工程的工作。它可以是有方案的,也可以是随机展开的,可以由内部人员,也可以由外部人员执行。Inspection(5.4.2)includes activities such as measuring,examining,and testing undertaken to determine whether results conform to requirements.检查包括测量、检验和测试以确定结果是否符合需求。1.1.Quality Audit&Inspection 质量审计和检查仅限内部使用,不得外传32Prevention keeping errors out of the process 预防-防止过失在流程中出现Inspection keeping errors out of the hand of the customer 检查-防止过失对用户造成影响Terminology Differentiation 术语的区别术语的区别2.Prevention&Inspection 预防和检查 仅限内部使用,不得外传33Attribute Sampling 品品质质抽抽样样-The result conforms or it does not(yes or no).结结果果符符合合或不符合要求或不符合要求Variables sampling变变量量抽抽样样-The result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity.结结果果按按照照衡衡量量符符合合度度的的连连续续的的标标准准折算成比例折算成比例Terminology Differentiation 术语的区别术语的区别3.3.Attribute Sampling&Variables Sampling品质抽样和变量抽样仅限内部使用,不得外传34Special causes unusual events特定原因-非寻常事件Random causes normal process variation随机原因-通常的过程 变异Terminology Differentiation 术语的区别术语的区别4.4.Special Causes&Random Causes 特定原因和随机原因仅限内部使用,不得外传35Tolerance The result is acceptable if it falls within the range specified by the tolerance 容限-在指定的公差范围内结果可以被接受Control limits The process is in control if the result falls within the control limits 控制界限-如结果落在控制界限以内那么过程是可控的Terminology Differentiation 术语的区别术语的区别5.5.Tolerance&Control Limits 容限和控制界限仅限内部使用,不得外传36Quality Improvement质量改进Quality Planning质量方案Quality Assurance质量保证Quality Control质量控制Linkage 关联图关联图仅限内部使用,不得外传37QUESTIONS问题仅限内部使用,不得外传38Scope(2)第第2局部局部Project quality management (Ch.8)工程质量管理工程质量管理Project human resource management (Ch.9)工程人力资源管理工程人力资源管理Project communications management (Ch.10)工程沟通管理工程沟通管理Project risk management (Ch.11)工程风险管理工程风险管理Project procurement management (Ch.12)工程采购管理工程采购管理仅限内部使用,不得外传39Project Human Resource Management工程人力资源管理工程人力资源管理Organizational Planning(9.1)组织的方案编制组织的方案编制Staff Acquisition(9.2)人员获取人员获取Team Development(9.3)团团队建设队建设Questions 问题问题仅限内部使用,不得外传40PM Knowledge Areas and Processes工程管理知识领域与过程工程管理知识领域与过程8.Quality9.Human Resource人力资人力资源源10.Communication11.Risk12.ProcurementInitiatingPlanning8.1Quality planning9.1 Organizational planning组织的计划编制9.2 Staff Acquisition人员获取10.1 Communications planning11.1 Risk identification11.2 Risk quantification11.3 Risk response development12.1 Procurement planning12.2 Solicitation planningExecuting8.2 Quality assurance9.3 Team development队伍建设10.2 Information distribution12.3 Solicitation12.4 Source selection12.5 Contract administrationControlling8.3 Quality control10.3 Performance reporting11.4 Risk response controlClosing10.4 Administrative closure12.6 Contract close-out仅限内部使用,不得外传41Organizational Planning组织的方案编制组织的方案编制Identifying,documenting and Identifying,documenting and assigning project roles,assigning project roles,responsibilities,and responsibilities,and reporting relationships.reporting relationships.识别、记录、分配工程角色、识别、记录、分配工程角色、识别、记录、分配工程角色、识别、记录、分配工程角色、职责和汇报关系职责和汇报关系职责和汇报关系职责和汇报关系仅限内部使用,不得外传42Organizational Planning-Organizational Planning-Inputs,Outputs,Tools&TechniquesInputs,Outputs,Tools&Techniques组织的方案编制组织的方案编制组织的方案编制组织的方案编制-输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术输入、输出,工具和技术Inputs输入1.Project interfaces 项目界面2.Staffing requirements人员需求 3.Constraints 约束条件Outputs输出1.Role and responsibility assignments2.角色和责任分配3.Staffing management plan 人员管理计划4.Organization chart5.组织结构图6.Supporting detail7.详细依据Tools&Techniques工具和技术工具和技术1.Templates模板模板2.Human resource practices3.人力资源管理惯例人力资源管理惯例4.Organizational theory5.组织理论组织理论6.Stakeholder analysis7.项目干系人分析项目干系人分析仅限内部使用,不得外传43Forms of Organization组织形式组织形式Functional 功能型Matrix 矩阵型Weak Matrix 弱矩阵型Balanced Matrix 平衡矩阵型Strong Matrix 强矩阵型Projectized 工程型仅限内部使用,不得外传44Input-Project Interface输入输入-工程界面工程界面Organizational interface组织界面Technical interface within and between project phases工程阶段内和阶段之间的技术界面Interpersonal interface 人际关系界面Interface with subcontractors 和分包商的接口Interface with project concerned departments 和工程相关部门的接口New Product Transfer新产品移交Reporting relationships among individuals working on the project工程中不同个人之间的汇报关系仅限内部使用,不得外传45Input-Staffing Requirements输入输入-人员需求人员需求Staffing requirements define what kinds of skills are required from what kinds of individuals or groups and in what time frames.人员需求定义在什么时间段内需要具备何种技能的个人和团体。仅限内部使用,不得外传46Staffing Pool Description资源池说明资源池说明The below characteristics of the potentially available staff should be considered when acquiring team members:获取团队成员的时候,应考虑以下特点:Previous experience 以前的经历Personal interests 个人兴趣Personal characteristics are the individuals or groups likely to work well together as a team?个人特点-这些个人或团体能够以一个团队很好地工作吗?Availability 可用性仅限内部使用,不得外传47Project Manager Roles and Responsibilities工程经理的角色和职责工程经理的角色和职责Function 功能Roles 角色Qualifications 资格Experience and educational requirements 经历和教育需求*Although critical on most projects,the definition of project managers R&R can vary significantly by application area.工程经理的角色和职责尽管在大多数工程中是非常关键的,但其也会随应用领域的不同有显著的变化仅限内部使用,不得外传48Constraints约束条件约束条件Constraining factors that may affect the organization of the project team are-可能影响工程团队组织的约束因素有:Organizational structure 组织结构Collective bargaining agreements and labor law 集体协议和劳工法Team preferences 团队偏好Expected staff assignments 期望的人员分配仅限内部使用,不得外传49Output-Staffing Management Plan输出输出-人员管理方案人员管理方案Staffing management plan describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team.人员管理方案描述何时及如何把人力资源投入或撤出工程组Appropriate reassignment procedure may:适宜的再分配程序可能包括:Reduce costs by reducing or eliminating the tendency to“make work to fill the time between this assignment and the next 通过减少和消除为填补本次和下次任务分配之间的间隙而“制造工作的趋势,以降低本钱 Improve morale by reducing or eliminating uncertainty about future employment opportunities 通过减少和消除关于未来雇佣时机的不确定性来提高士气仅限内部使用,不得外传50Output-Resource Allocation输出输出-资源分配资源分配Responsibility matrix 责任矩阵Resource spreadsheets 资源表Resource Gantt charts 资源甘特图Resource histograms 资源柱形图仅限内部使用,不得外传51Responsibility Assignment Matrix(RAM)责任分配矩阵责任分配矩阵A RMA is used to 责任分配矩阵RAM用于-Show who is responsible for what 表示谁对某事负责Show critical interfaces between units that may require special managerial coordination 表示需要管理协调的单位之间的关键接口Help the project manager keep track of who must approve what 帮助工程经理明了审批关系Help the project manager keep track of who must report to whom 帮助工程经理明了汇报关系仅限内部使用,不得外传52Responsibility Assignment Matrix(RAM)责任分配矩阵责任分配矩阵RAMP=participant参与者 A=Accountable负责者 R=Review required评审者 I=Input required需要的输入S=Sign-off required需要的签收Person人员Phase阶段ABCDEF.Requirements需求SRAPPFunctional功能SAPPDesign设计SRAIPDevelopment开发RSAPPTesting测试SPIAP仅限内部使用,不得外传53Illustrative Resource Histogram人力资源直方图举例人力资源直方图举例高级设计师资源消耗人时资源消耗Jan一月Feb二月May五月仅限内部使用,不得外传54Staff Acquisition人员获取人员获取Obtaining Obtaining the the human human resources resources needed needed assigned assigned to to and and working working on the project.on the project.获获取取分分配配到到工工程程且且在在工工程程中工作的人力资源中工作的人力资源仅限内部使用,不得外传55Staff Acquisition-Staff Acquisition-Inputs,Outputs,Tools&TechniquesInputs,Outputs,Tools&Techniques人员获取人员获取人员获取人员获取-输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术输入,输出,工具和技术Inputs输入1.Staffing management plan人员管理计划2.Staffing pool description3.资源池说明4.Recruitment practices5.招聘惯例Outputs输出1.Project staff assigned2.项 目 人员分配3.Project team directory4.项 目 组名录1.Negotiations 谈判谈判2.Pre-assignment 事先指定事先指定3.Procurement 采购采购Tools&Techniques工具和技术工具和技术仅限内部使用,不得外传56Tools-Negotiating工具工具-谈判谈判Negotiating involves conferring with others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement.谈判就是与其他人交换意见以达成条款或一致意见Negotiations occur around many issues,at many times,and at many levels of the project.Project staff are likely to negotiate for any or all of the following:谈判围绕很多问题,很屡次并在工程的不同层次发生。工程成员常在以下方面进行谈判Scope,cost and schedule objectives 范围,本钱和进度目标Changes to scope,cost,or schedule 范围,本钱或进度变更Contract terms and conditions 合同条款和条件Assignments 分配Resources 资源The teams influencing skills play an important role in negotiating staff assignments 团队影响力方面的技能在人员分配谈判中作用很大仅限内部使用,不得外传57Influencing the Organization对组织施加影响对组织施加影响Influencing the organization involves the ability to“get things done.对组织施加影响包括“使事情达成的能力It requires an understanding of both the formal and informal structures of all the organizations involved the performing organization,the customer,contractors,etc.它需要熟知正式和非正式组织的结构-包含工程执行组织,客户,分包商等It also requires an understanding of the mechanics of power and politics.它也需要熟知权力和政治的机制仅限内部使用,不得外传58Team Development团队开发团队开发 Developing individual and Developing individual and group skills to enhance group skills to enhance project performance.project performance.开发个人和团队的能力开发个人和团队的能力开发个人和团队的能力开发个人和团队的能力以提高工程绩效以提高工程
展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 商业管理 > 商业计划


copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!