英语句子成分课件

什么是句子什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须子的第一个字母必须大写大写,结尾要有结尾要有?!I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!2021/5/41什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个英语英语的基本成分有的基本成分有七七种种:主语（主语（subjectsubject）、谓语）、谓语（predicatepredicate）、表语（）、表语（predicativepredicative）、宾语）、宾语（objectobject）、定语（）、定语（attributeattribute）、状语）、状语(adverbial)(adverbial)和补语（和补语（complementcomplement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五五种基本句型种基本句型.句子包括哪些成分句子包括哪些成分?2021/5/42句子包括哪些成分?2021/5/42Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补2021/5/43Nobodywent.Practice主2021/5/442021/5/44主语（主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体句子叙述的主体,一般位于句首一般位于句首The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词数词)Fishing is allowed.（动名词）（动名词）2021/5/45主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体,一般位于句首ThThe rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词2021/5/46Therichshouldhelpthepoor.1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语不能做主语!2021/5/471.Doexerciseisgoodforyour找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测2021/5/48找出下面句子的主语主语小测2021/5/48单选单选:1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They2021/5/49单选:2021/5/492021/5/4102021/5/410谓语（谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述是对主语加以陈述,表示表示主语的行为或状态主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担常用动词或者动词词组担任任,放在主语的后面。放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.2021/5/411谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成由一个动词或动词短语构成2021/5/412Theplanetookoffat10ocloOpen the door,please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.祈使句祈使句:1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形2021/5/413Openthedoor,please!2021/5/4找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveeggsfortheirbreakfast?2021/5/414找出下列句子的谓语IdontlikethepiTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?2021/5/415Tomdidntdohishomeworky按要求找出下列句子的主谓按要求找出下列句子的主谓:1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）（谓）3.Dontgetnervous,andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you2021/5/416按要求找出下列句子的主谓:主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you201.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选单选:Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish2021/5/4171.Itisdifficultforme_3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句祈使句,谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.2021/5/4183._upearly,oryouwillmis2021/5/4192021/5/419宾语宾语:动宾表示行为的对象动宾表示行为的对象,放在及物动放在及物动词或者介词之后。词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?2021/5/420宾语:动宾表示行为的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后。IliHeisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介介词后面的后面的宾语:介介宾注意注意:人称代人称代词要用要用宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she2021/5/421Heisafraidofher-hisheadtHegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接接宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语(sth):双双宾2021/5/422Hegavemeabookyesterday.2IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语2021/5/423IthinkithardtofinishthisMybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语2021/5/424Mybrotherhasntdonehish5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.2021/5/4255.Someofthestudentsinthe表语表语:表语说明主语是什么表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样或者怎么样,由名词由名词,形形容词容词,副词副词,介词短语介词短语,不定式不定式,动名词动名词,短语短语,或或者从句充当表语位于者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.2021/5/426表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词除了除了be系动词外系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。2021/5/427除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,feel宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么怎么样的作用样的作用 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.The boss keeps them working all day.2021/5/428宾语补足语在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?2021/5/429挑出下列句中的宾语补足语20状语状语状语用来修饰动词状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行形容词或副词它表示行为发生的为发生的时间时间,地点地点,目的目的,方式方式,程度程度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.2021/5/430状语状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间,地定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词代词,数词数词,名词名词,介词短语介词短语,不定式不定式,动名词动名词,分词分词,从句都可从句都可以充当定语以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.2021/5/431定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短有哪几种常见的句型结构?2021/5/432有哪几种常见的句型结构?2021/5/432英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)2021/5/433英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并英英语语句句子子的的基基本本结结构构可可以以归归纳纳成成五五种种基基本本句句型型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一一:（主（主谓）二二:（主系表）（主系表）三三:（主（主谓宾）四四:（主（主谓间宾直直宾）五五:（主（主谓宾宾补）2021/5/434英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补2021/5/435.简单句1.Thingschanged.主+Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补2021/5/436Nobodywent.Practice主基本句型基本句型 一一:（主谓）（主谓）主主语语:可可以以作作主主语语的的成成分分有有名名词词,主主格格代代词词,动动词词不定式不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓谓语语:谓谓语语由由动动词词构构成成,是是英英语语时时态态、语语态态变变化化的的主主角角,一一般般在在主主语语之之后后。不不及及物物动动词词（vi.vi.）没没有有宾语宾语,形成主谓结构形成主谓结构,如如:We come.We come.2021/5/437基本句型一:（主谓）主语:可以作主语的成分有名词 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Tom gets up.2.What happened?3.It does not matter.4.They talked.此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点,即句子的谓语即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。2021/5/438（不及物动词）1.Tomgetsup.基本句型基本句型 二二:（主系表）（主系表）此此句句型型的的句句子子有有一一个个共共同同的的特特点点:句句子子谓语动词都都不不能能表表达达一一个个完完整整的的意意思思,必必须加加上上一一个个表表明明主主语身身份份或或状状态的的表表语构构成成复复合合谓语,才才能能表表达达完完整整的的意思。意思。这类动词叫做叫做连系系动词。2021/5/439基本句型二:（主系表）此句型的句子有一个系系系系动动词词分分两两类:be,be,look,look,keep,keep,seemseem等等,表表情情况况;get,get,grow,become,turngrow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类,表表变化。化。感官感官感官感官动词动词多可用作多可用作连系系动词:look well/面色好面色好,sound nice/听起来不听起来不错,feel good/感感觉好好,smell bad/难闻 2021/5/440系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem等,表（是系动词）（是系动词）（表语）（表语）1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The food smells good.3.Everything looks different.4.He is tall and strong.5.His face turned red.2021/5/441（是系动词）（表语）1.Thisis基本句型基本句型 三三:（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此此句句型型句句子子的的共共同同特特点点是是:谓谓语语动动词词都都具具有有实实义义,都都是是主主语语产产生生的的动动作作,但但不不能能表表达达完完整整的的意意思思,必必须须跟跟有有一一个个宾宾语语,即即动动作作的的承承受受者者,才才能能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。2021/5/442基本句型三:（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特（及物动词）（及物动词）（宾语）（宾语）1.Who knows the answer?2.I saw a film yesterday.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said Good morning.5.He knows what he should do.2021/5/443（及物动词）（宾语）1.Whoknows基本句型基本句型 四四:（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有有 些些 及及 物物 动动 词词 可可 以以 有有 两两 个个 宾宾 语语,eg:,eg:givegive/buybuy/bringbring/showshow。这这两两个个宾宾语语通通常常一个指人一个指人(间接宾语间接宾语););一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give me a cup of tea please.-Show this house to Mr.Smith.-Bring it to me,please.2021/5/444基本句型四:（主谓间宾直宾）有些及（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She gave me a smile.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.1.4.I told him that the bus was late.2.5.He showed me how to run the machine.2021/5/445（及物）（多指人）（多指物）She基本句型基本句型 五五:（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此此句句型型的的句句子子的的共共同同特特点点是是:动动词词虽虽然然是是及及物物动动词词,但但是是只只跟跟一一个个宾宾语语还还不不能能表表达达完完整整的的意意思思,必必须须加加上上一一个个补补充充成成分分来来补补足足宾宾语语,才才能能使使意思完整。意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。2021/5/446基本句型五:（主谓宾宾补）此句型的（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.They painted the door green.2.This let them think.3.They found the house empty.4.He asked me to come back soon.5.I saw them getting on the bus.2021/5/447（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.Thea,b,c,d,e,1,Please tell us a story._2,She smiled._3.I have a lot work to do._4.His job is to train swimmers._5.He saw a man enter the room._6.Please look at the picture._daebec2021/5/448a,b,c,1,