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1UNITGoodtogreatUponcompletionofthisunit,youwillbeableto:discusstheessentialelementsandvariousdefinitionsofsuccess;followanarrativewhilelistening;makeacomparisonandacontrastinoralcommunication;usegeminationandelisioninspeech;adoptanappropriateattitudetowardsuccessanddevelopyourowndefinitionofsuccess.Learningobjectives1UNITGoodtogreatUponcomplet1WarmingupListening&speakingViewing&speakingUnitprojectFurtherListeningCONTENTS12345WarmingupCONTENTS123452WarmingupSuccesscomesinvariousformsandmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Nomatterhowsuccessismeasured,itissweetandfulfilling.Yetitdoesnthappenovernight.1Onthenextpage,therearetheABCsofsuccessthebasicprinciplesofsuccessbelievedessentialtoallthosewhowishtomaketheirdreamsareality.Workingroupstoshareyourunderstandingoftheprinciples.Step1WarmingupSuccesscomesinvar3WarmingupTheABCsofsuccessisforACTION.Actionisagreatrestorerandbuilderofconfidence.Inactionisnotonlytheresult,butthecause,offear.AisforBOLDNESS.Beboldanddaringandchoosetobetonyourself.BCIsforCHANGE.Thepriceofdoingthesameoldthingisfarhigherthanthepriceofchange.WarmingupTheABCsofsuccessi4WarmingupThefirstprinciplemeansthattoachievesuccess,weshouldtakeactionbecauseactionhelpsusbouncebackfromsetbacksandbuildourconfidence.Itisthroughactionthatweareabletomakeprogresslittlebylittleandsavorthesweetnessofsuccess.Incontrast,inaction,whichmeansthatwearedoingnothing,isafailurebydefault.Whenwedonttakeaction,wefailtoprovideourselveswithalearningopportunityandthusstandlittlechanceofsuccess.Moreover,inactionstemsfromfear.Welackenoughcouragetotakeactionbecausewearehauntedbyimaginarydifficultiesandoverwhelmedbythefearoffailure.Thisindeedtriggersaviciouscircle.Fearleadstoinaction,whichleadstofailure.Becauseofourfailure,wewillbegrippedbymorefear.ReferenceanswersWarmingupThefirstprinciple5WarmingupThesecondprinciplemeansthattoensureabetterchanceofsuccess,weshouldbebraveandcourageousenoughtotakeonnewchallengesdespiterisksandhaveastrongbeliefinourselvessothatweareabletonavigatethroughthedensefogofuncertaintiestowardavisionofthefuture.Thethirdprinciplemeansthatchangeisvitaltosuccess.Doingthesameoldthingmeansdeliveringnochangeinourlife.Ifso,wemaywellendupbeingunabletomakeanyprogressorbecomeabetterversionofourselves.Itstruethatchangecarriesanelementofrisk.Wemayencountertemporaryfailure,frustrationordepressionwhenwemakeachange.However,wecanalwayslearnfromthesereversalsandbuildresilience.Moreover,thepriceofthesereversalsisfarlowerthanthatofremainingstagnantorfailingtokeeppacewiththetimes.ReferenceanswersWarmingupThesecondprinciple6Warmingup1Step2Successcomesinvariousformsandmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Nomatterhowsuccessismeasured,itissweetandfulfilling.Yetitdoesnthappenovernight.1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththesethreeprinciples?Useevidencefromyourownknowledgeorexperiencetojustifyyouranswer.Warmingup1Successcomesinva7WarmingupSample1Iquiteagreewiththefirstprincipleofsuccess.Itstruethattherearerisksandcostsassociatedwitheveryaction,buttheyarefarfewerthanthelong-rangerisksofcomfortableinaction.Whenwetakeaction,itcanactasacatalystforvariouskindsofthingsthatwillinevitablycarryustosuccess.Weletthosearoundusknowthatweareseriousinourintention.Peoplewithsimilargoalsbecomealignedwithus.Webegintolearnthingsfromourexperiencesthatcannotbelearnedfromlisteningtoothersorreadingbooks.Webegintogetfeedbackabouthowtodothingsbetter,moreefficiently,andmorequickly.Thingsthatonceseemedconfusingbegintobecomeclear.Thingsthatonceappeareddifficultbegintobeeasier.Westarttoattractotherswhosupportandencourageus.Allmannerofgoodthingsbegintoflowinourdirectiononcewebegintotakeaction.ReferenceanswersWarmingupSample1Referencean8WarmingupSample2Ipartlyagreewiththesecondprincipleofsuccess.Beingboldanddaringallowsustosetevenambitiousgoalsandgainmotivationtoeffectivelyimplementplanssoastoachievethosegoals.Beingboldanddaringgivesustheenergytopursueopportunitiesthatmaytakeusoutofourcomfortzone.Aswebreakboundariesfornewopportunities,wewillidentifyourpassions.Allthesemayleadtosuccess.However,asFrancisBaconputit,“boldnessiseverblind;foritseethnotdanger,andinconveniences.”Itmeansthatwhenwearebold,wetendtoturnablindeyetodangerorinconvenienttruths.Thiswillsurelygetinthewayofoursuccess.Whenwemakeaboldmove,weshouldbecautiousenoughtoavoidunnecessarycosts.Therefore,thebestwayoutistostrikeabalancebetweenboldnessandprudenceonourwaytosuccess.ReferenceanswersWarmingupSample2Referencean9WarmingupSample3Idontquiteagreewiththethirdprincipleofsuccess,whichsaysthatthepriceofdoingthesameoldthingisfarhigherthanthepriceofchange.Sometimeswehavetodothesameoldthing,whichseemstobemonotonousandtedious,toachieveperfectionormakecontributionstosociety.Itisbypracticingmaking800jumpshotsdayinanddayoutthatKobeBryantfinallybecamealegendarybasketballplayer.ItisthroughTuYouyoussingle-mindeddedicationtomalariaresearchthatshesuccessfullydevelopedoneoftheworldsmosteffectiveanti-malariadrugs.Itisthroughthepersistentandroutineworkofthose“guardiansofthegreatgreenwall”thatChinahasmadegreatprogressagainstdesertificationinnorthwestChinainrecentyears.Theseexampleshelptoillustratetheimportanceofdoingthesameoldthingforsuccess.ReferenceanswersWarmingupSample3Referencean10WarmingupCreateyourownABCsofsuccessandsharethemwithyourgroupmembers.YoushouldexplainwhytheyarechosenasyourABCsofsuccess.2WarmingupCreateyourownABCs11WarmingupBelowaremyownABCsofsuccess.AisforATTITUDE,tobemoreexact,apositiveATTITUDE.Weareboundtofacetoughsituationsinourdailylife.Sometimes,theyleaveuspessimisticanddepressed.Beingpositiveinlifehelpsushandlethesecircumstancesandfindpropersolutions.Withapositiveattitude,oursetbackcanbecomeasetupforacomeback.Withapositiveattitude,wecandevelopacopingstrategythatissustainableandbringsushope,knowingthatgoodtimesarestillahead.BisforBELIEF.Astrongbeliefinourselvesisanessentialingredientonthepathtosuccess.Ifwedontreallybelievethatwecanaccomplishatask,wemaynotgoalloutforitandwithoutourbestefforts,ourchancesofachievinggoalswillbeReferenceanswersWarmingupBelowaremyownABC12Warminguptremendouslyreduced.Incontrast,whenwebelieveinourselves,wewillbecomeourownbestcheerleadersandmotivateourselvestogetourtasksdone,which,inturn,strengthensourwillpoweranddeterminationtoachieveourgoalsinspiteofgreatdifficulties.CisforCREATIVITY.Creativityiscrucialforsuccessinmultipleaspects.Itcanhelpusseeabiggerpicturebybreakingestablishedpatternsandcrossingconventionalboundaries.Itcankeepthingsfreshbyapproachingamonotonoustaskinadifferentway,whichmakesusmorewillingtoaccomplishthetask.Itcankeepourmindactiveandmoreproductivebyusingourimaginationandconnectingideasconstantly.Itcanhelpusovercomechallengesinfrontofuswithcreativesolutions.Inoneword,itcanshapeadifferentoutlookonlifebyapproachingthingsfromdifferentangles.ReferenceanswersWarminguptremendouslyreduced13NewreportConversationPassage1Passage2Listeningandspeaking12345NewreportListeningandspeaki14Listening&speakingWORDSANDEXPRESSIONScollectivea.集体的；共同的；共有的well-beingn.健康；幸福conventionala.传统的；常规的workethicn.职业道德ambitiousa.有雄心的PROPERNAMESStrayerUniversity斯特雷耶大学（美国）MichaelPlater迈克尓普莱特（人名）NewsreportListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingWORDS15Listening&speakingListentoanewsreportandcompletethetable.NewsreportListeningandunderstandingWHATWHATWHATWHAT SUCCESSSUCCESSSUCCESSSUCCESS MAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANS2.Definitionsofsuccessnowadays-90%achieving2)having3)withfamilyandfriends-4):beingrichpersonalgoalsgoodrelationships34%1.Factorstraditionallyassociatedwithsuccesswealthpower1)positionListening&speakingListento16Listening&speakingListentoanewsreportandcompletethetable.NewsreportListeningandunderstanding3.Traitsofsuccessfulpeople-70%being5)havingastrongworkethicfocused-Morethan6)consideringthemselvessuccessful54%sayingtheyhavea(n)7)familynetwork8)describingthemselvesasbeingambitious3/4strongandsupportive31%WHATWHATWHATWHAT SUCCESSSUCCESSSUCCESSSUCCESS MAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANSMAENSTOAMERICANSListening&speakingListento17Listening&speakingNewsreportListeningandunderstandingScriptsAmericanstraditionaldefinitionofsuccessisoftenthoughttobeassociatedwithwealth,power,andposition.ButarecentstudybyStrayerUniversityfindsthat90percentofAmericansdefinesuccessasachievingpersonalgoalsandhavinggoodrelationshipswithfamilyandfriends.Only34percentofAmericanadultssaybeingrichisimportanttothem.“WhatreallyisamazingtoseeinthissurveyisthecollectiveshiftthatstakenplacewithsomanyAmericansnowfocusingontheirwell-beingratherthanjusttheconventionalortextbookmeaningsofsuccess,”saysDr.MichaelPlater,theformerpresidentofStrayerUniversity.“Andthroughthisredefinition,individualsarealsoListening&speakingNewsrep18Listening&speakingNewsreportListeningandunderstandingScriptsalsofindingthatdifferentpathstosuccessexist,thatitsnolongeraone-size-fits-allgoal,andthatitsapersonaljourney.”Sevenoutof10Americansbelievesuccessfulpeoplearefocusedandhaveastrongworkethic.Morethanthree-fourthsofthepeoplesurveyedsaytheyconsiderthemselvestobesuccessful.And54percentoftheAmericanswhoconsiderthemselvessuccessfulsaytheyhaveastrongandsupportivefamilynetworkand31percentdescribethemselvesasbeingambitious.Listening&speakingNewsrep19Listening&speakingThedefinitionofsuccessDr.MichaelPlaterremarkedthat“throughthisredefinition,individualsarealsofindingthatdifferentpathstosuccessexist,thatitsnolongeraone-size-fits-allgoal,andthatitsapersonaljourney.”Toputitsimply,everyoneisuniqueandshouldhavetheirowndefinitionofsuccess.Conductasurveyonthedefinitionofsuccessinyourclass.Inthesurvey,youshouldinterviewatleastsixclassmatesandaskthemtogivetheirdefinitionofsuccessintwoaspects,suchasfamilylifeandacademicperformance.Summarizetheinformationyouhavecollectedandreportittotheclass.NewsreportThinkingandspeakingListening&speakingThedefini20Listening&speakingNewsreportThinkingandspeakingIconductedasimplesurveyonwhatsuccessmeansamongmyclassmates.Inmysurvey,Iinterviewedeightclassmatesandtheyofferedmealistofdefinitions,whichcanberoughlycategorizedintosixdimensions:academicperformance,qualityoflife,character,socialstatus,healthandwealth.Sixrespondentsassociatedsuccesswithoutstandingacademicperformance,stressingthatstudyremainstobeatoppriorityforcollegestudents.Fourrespondentsmentionedsomethingrelatedtoagoodqualityoflife,includinglivinghappily,experiencingasenseofusefulnessandpurposeinlife,andhavingaReferenceanswersListening&speakingNewsrep21Listening&speakingNewsreportThinkingandspeakingharmoniousandsupportivesocialnetwork.Threerespondentsdefinedsuccessintermsofcharacter-building,suchasthespiritofnevergivingup,thedeterminationtosurpassoneself,andtheabilitytoovercomefear.Highsocialstatus,healthandwealthcameatthebottomofthelist,withonlyonesupporterineachdimension.ReferenceanswersListening&speakingNewsrep22ConversationListening&speaking1ListeningandunderstandingWORDSANDEXPRESSIONScuratorn.(博物馆、美术馆等的)馆长 motivatevt.成为的动机 innovationn.革新；创新 stigmatizevt.认为可耻 liberatevt.使自由 sweepsth.underthecarpet掩盖某事(尤指错事)PROPERNAMESSamuelWest塞缪尔韦斯特(人名)Sweden瑞典(欧洲国家)ConversationListening&speaki23ConversationListening&speakingListentoaconversationandcompletetheinformationcard.Listeningandunderstanding1MuseumofFailureCurator:SamuelWestLocation:SwedenArea:1）squaremetersItemsondisplay:Morethan2)differentfailedproductsandobjects450100Sourcesofitemsondisplay:Twentytothirtypercentwere3)byindividuals.Somehavebeen4).Therestwerebought5).donatedborrowedonlineThetake-homemessageforvisitors:Acceptfailureasanimportantaspectof6)progressandinnovationConversationListening&speaki24ConversationListening&speakingListentotheconversationagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.A.Advicefromhisfriends.B.Hisownexperienceoffailure.C.Storieshereadaboutrealprojects.D.Amuseumaboutbrokenrelationships.1.Listeningandunderstanding2ConversationListening&speaki25ConversationListening&speakingListentotheconversationagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.A.Itsokayforustofail.B.Newideasalwayscomefromfailure.C.Failurecanleadtoamoreopen-mindedattitude.D.Weneedtokeepcalmindealingwithfailure.2.Listeningandunderstanding2ConversationListening&speaki26ConversationListening&speakingListentotheconversationagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.A.Acceptingfailure.B.Learningfromfailure.C.Sharingstoriesaboutfailure.D.Comfortingourselvesinfailure.3.Listeningandunderstanding2ConversationListening&speaki27Listening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsHost:Intodaysprogram,wellbejoinedbySamuelWest,curatoroftheMuseumofFailureinSweden.Samuel,welcome.Canyoutellussomethingaboutthemuseum?SamuelWest:Sure.Ithasmorethan100differentfailedproductsandobjectsondisplayinthe450-square-meterspaceanditisdrawingvisitorsfromaroundtheglobe.Host:Howdidyougettheinspirationforthemuseum?SamuelWest:LastyearIvisitedtheMuseumofBrokenRelationships,whichmotivatedmetoopenarealmuseumwithrealproductsandstories.Host:Howdidyouacquiretheproductsinthemuseum?ConversationListening&speakingListening28Listening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsSamuelWest:Twentytothirtypercentweredonatedbyindividuals.Somehavebeenborrowed.Therestwereboughtonline.Host:Whatdoyouwantvisitorstotakeawayfromavisittothemuseum?SamuelWest:Thetake-homemessageforindividualsand organizationsalikeisthatweneedtoacceptfailureasanessentialaspectofprogressandinnovation.First,ifyoutrysomethingnewyouaregoingtofail;acceptfailureanddontstigmatizeit.WhenweseethatmultinationalcompanieslikeGoogleandApplefailwhentheytrysomethingnew,thatliberatesusasindividualstosay,ConversationListening&speakingListening29Listening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsSamuelWest:“Itsokayformetofail.”Second,weneedtobebetteratlearningfromfailureinsteadofjustsweepingthingsunderthecarpet.Host:Thankyouverymuch.Itisreallyapleasuretohaveyouinthestudio.Questions:1.WhatmotivatedthemantoopentheMuseumofFailure?2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefailureofmultinationalcompanies?3.Accordingtotheman,whatshouldwebebetterat?ConversationListening&speakingListening30ConversationListening&speaking1ThinkingandspeakingYouritemfortheMuseumofFailureAssumethattheMuseumofFailureplanstolaunchanexhibitioninwhichobjectsrelatedtopersonalfailureswillbeondisplayandthatyouareveryinterestedinsharingyourpersonalitemwithvisitors.Workingroupstosharetheitemyouchoosetodisplay.Workingroupstosharetheitemyouchoosetodisplay.Youneedtointroduceitsbackgroundinformationandpresentthetake-homemessagetovisitors.ConversationListening&speaki31Listening&speakingConversationThinkingandspeakingIwillchoosetoputoneofmycertificatesofhonorondisplayintheMuseumofFailure.SomeofyoumaythinkthatIamshowingoff,butasamatteroffact,thisawardisindeedapainfulreminderthatIshouldneverbetoocomplacentandconceited.IstudiedinLondonfortwoyearsinprimaryschool.ThereIpickedupanauthenticBritishaccentandexpandedmyvocabulary.WhenIcameback,myEnglishteacherwasverygenerouswithherpraiseformyEnglishproficiencyandmyclassmatesadmiredmeformyfluentEnglish.Inthesixthgrade,myschoolheldanEnglishspeakingcontest,andIwasindisputablyoneofthecandidatesforit.AtthatReferenceanswersListening&speakingConversati32Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingtime,myegowasvastlyinflatedandItookitforgrantedthatIwouldwinthecontestwithease,thinkingthatIcouldwalkontothestageunprepared.Becauseofmyunpreparedness,Ibecameverynervousandmymindalmostwentblank.WhenIcameback,myEnglishteacherwasverygenerouswithherpraiseformyEnglishproficiencyandmyclassmatesadmiredmeformyfluentEnglish.Inthesixthgrade,myschoolheldanEnglishspeakingcontest,andIwasindisputablyoneofthecandidatesforit.Atthattime,myegowasvastlyinflatedandItookitforgrantedthatIwouldwinthecontestwithease,thinkingthatIcouldwalkonto the stage unprepared.Because of my unpreparedness,I became verynervousandmymindalmostwentblank.ThoughIfinishedmyspeechReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga33Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingfinally,Ipausedfrequently.Insharpcontrast,manycontestantsmadefullpreparationsforitandtheirfluentspeechesleftadeepimpressiononjudges.IreceivedaConsolationPrizeasmallprizegiventoanyonewhotookpartinthecompetition.Thetake-homemessageforvisitorsisthatweshouldneverbetoocomplacentandthatsuccessfavorsthosewhoarewell-prepared.First,justasHelenKellerputit,hewhoiscontentwithwhathasbeendoneisanobstacleinthepathofprogress.Whenwearecomplacent,chancesarethatwedontwanttostriveharderformoreprogress,whichwillleadtofailure.First,justasHelenKellerputit,heReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga34Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakinghewhoiscontentwithwhathasbeendoneisanobstacleinthepathofprogress.Whenwearecomplacent,chancesarethatwedontwanttostriveharderformoreprogress,whichwillleadtofailure.Second,itsessentialthatweshouldmakefullpreparationsifwewanttoaccomplishsomething.Thisappliestovariousscenarios,suchastakingexaminations,attendinginterviews,andgivingpresentations.ReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga35ConversationListening&speaking1ThinkingandspeakingLessonslearnedfromfailureIntheconversation,SamuelWestsuggestedwelearnfromfailure.Workingroupstodiscussthethingsthatfailurecanteachus.ConversationListening&speaki36Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingIdothinkthatwecanlearnalotfromfailure.Herearethetwovaluablelessonsthatfailurecanteachus.First,failuretellsusthatwerenotgoodenough,sowecandobetter.Ifwefailinourattempt,whetheritistorunforthepresidencyoftheStudentUnionortowinthechampionshipinamathcontest,itmeansthatwerenotgoodenoughandthatthereismuchroomforimprovement.Sureenough,weshouldntlookatfailurefromthenegativeside.Instead,weshouldtreatfailureasfeedback,thinkingaboutwhatwecouldhavedonedifferentlyorwhatskillsweshouldacquireorimprovenexttime.IfweswitchourmindsetandthinkaboutwhatReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga37Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingwecanlearnanddobetterinthefuture,wewillstandachanceofachievingsuccessnexttime.Theothervaluablelessonfromfailureisthatsuccessisfarfrom“aone-hitwonder”.LikewhatWinstonChurchillsaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”Failureistheretoremindusthatsuccessisnotaboutmakingthatonedecision,takingthatoneopportunity,ordoingthatonething.Successisnotaone-timething.Itdoestakealotofeffortandendeavorstocreateoutstandingresultsinlife.BeforeMarieCuriemadehergroundbreakingNobelPrize-winningdiscoveryinthefieldofradioactivity,shehadconductedReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga38Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingnumerousfailedexperiments.Whenothersmighthavebeenhopelesslydiscouragedafterfailingthousandsoftimesinanattempttodevelopanelectriclight,thegreatEdisonsimplyviewedeachunsuccessfulexperimentasastepclosertoasuccessfulsolution.Failureiswithoutanydoubtanindispensablepartoflife.Nexttimewhenwefail,dontloseheart;rather,viewitasthecornerstoneofoursuccess.Thatway,wewillbeabletostrikegoldjustafewfeetbeyondwheresomeoneelsequitsdigging.ReferenceanswersConversationListening&speakingThinkinga39Listening&speakingSPEAKING TIPSPassage1ListeningandunderstandingWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSoutperformvt.做得 比好;胜过blundern.疏忽;愚蠢的 错误embracevt.欣然接受perseverancen.不屈不挠;坚持不懈assignmentn.(学生的)作业corporatea.公司的 PROPERNAMESStanfordUniversity斯坦福大学 (美国)CarolDweck卡萝尔德韦克 (人名)Listening&speakingSPEAKINGT40Listentoapassageandcompletethechart.Listening&speakingSPEAKING TIPSTWOATTITUDESTWOATTITUDESAfixedmindsetAgrowthmindsetPeoplewiththismindsetbelievetheyarepowerlesstochangethemselvesortheir1).circumstancesPeoplewiththismindsetbelievetheyareabletoimprovewith2).timeandeffortPassage1ListeningandunderstandingThismindsetisbetterforsuccess.Peoplewiththismindsetchoosetotryandtryagain,regardfailureas3),andbreakconventionalliferulesallthetime.opportunitiestolearnThismindsetcanbedevelopedovertime.Parentsandteacherscangive“4).”Companiescancreateacorporateculturethatsupports5).processpraisegrowthListentoapassageandcomple41Listening&speakingScriptsNewresearchfromStanfordUniversitysaysthattobemoresuccessful,youshouldfocusonyourattitude.PsychologistCarolDwecksresearchshowsthatpeopletendtohaveoneoftwoattitudes:afixedmindsetoragrowthmindset.Peoplewithafixedmindsetbelievethattheyarepowerlesstochangethemselvesortheircircumstanceswhilepeoplewithagrowthmi
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