新编大学英语2Unit4课件

New College English Book TwoUnit 4 Unit 4 Learning Skills Learning SkillsUseful Information(1)nAll over the world,the move from secondary school to university brings on new challenges in the learning process.Students usually live far away from the support and discipline of their parents.They are faced with a new lifestyle and difficult courses.In many cases,students who were at the top of their class in secondary school suddenly find themselves surrounded by other students who are equally bright,if not brighter.The sense of changing from a big fish in a little pond to a small fish in a big pond can be very disheartening.Acquiring good learning skills is one of the most important steps in the adaptation process.Good learning skills also increase ones chances for academic success and can be used for the rest of ones life.2024/6/253New College EnglishUseful Information(2)nLearning implies gaining knowledge about a specific subject(e.g.organic chemistry)or skill (e.g.drawing).Learning also means asking questions,solving problems,and researching specific topics.All of these aspects of learning require motivation,patience,and practice.nDifferent subjects require different study habits.Learning a language,for instance,is a slow cumulative process.It is impossible to become fluent in English,for example,in a short time.Studying literature is not like solving a mathematical problem.A lot of memorization may be very necessary in some courses but useless and inappropriate in others.2024/6/254New College EnglishUseful Information(3)nStudents often become very discouraged when they start comparing themselves to other students.It is always possible to find someone who is able to achieve results much faster than oneself.However,one of the keys to productive studying is to find and to accept ones own pace.Some people take more time to do things than others,but that does not mean they are less intelligent.Different people have different abilities and very few people excel without hard work.nThere is no doubt that being a good learner requires concentration and self-discipline,but it is important to recognize that people process information differently.Some people rely heavily on visual reminders,while others are more auditory and need to hear explanations.In taking responsibility for their own learning,students become active learners who know which study habits and which learning skills are the most efficient for them.2024/6/255New College EnglishPart I Preparationn n 1.Arranging Your Time:samplesn-Things that I am going to do today:2),3),4),5)and 8):n-Things that I am going to cancel or postpone:1),6)&7).n-I would arrange my time as follows:A.I would call my instructor to ask if I could be a little late(perhaps 7:30 p.m.)since I have to meet a relative at the railway station.(If the instructor cannot see me after 7 p.m.,I will have to phone a friend to ask him/her to meet my relative at the railway station.)B.I would call my close friend to say that I won t be able to arrive at 8 p.m.for his birthday party and that I will only be able to stay for a short time.2024/6/256New College EnglishArranging Your Time (2)C.I will go to meet my relative at the railway station at 6:30.D.I will meet my instructor at 7:30.E.After I have finished my meeting with the instructor,I will go to my friend s birthday party and stay for a little while.F.I will then go home to review for my exam.G.I will take some time to call my friend to apologize for the quarrel.2024/6/257New College English2.Different Learning Styles SamplesSamplesn1)Many students learn best when studying to music or other background noise.Some need so much silence that only ear plugs will suffice,but them is no simple sound rule that applies to all.n2)Some students are actually disturbed by bright light and become hyperactive and less focused on their thinking.For them dimmer light is more effective.n3)Peak learning times differ.Some students are at their best in the morning,while others function most effectively in the afternoon or evening.2024/6/258New College EnglishDifferent Learning Styles(2)n4)Some students learn better and score higher on tests if they are permitted to eat or drink at the same time.A blanket ban on such activities will penalize these individuals unfairly.n 5)This period of time may be too long for some and too brief for others.The specific period suitable for each student rather than a predetermined block of hours or minutes is the factor critical to effective learning.n6)Different students learn in different ways,not only through reading or listening.While these two modes apply to many students,they are not effective for others.Some learn best through touch,while others rely on body movement,including dance,creative drama,role play,and real life experiences.2024/6/259New College EnglishPart II Reading Comprehension 2.Talking about Yourselfn-Yes,I think so,At least I try to be a good student.I always attend classes and I do my homework.Although English is not my major,I spend as much time as I can learning new vocabulary and studying our reading passages.There are many distractions in the dormitory and it is easy to waste ones time playing computer games,chess and weiqi(go),Being a good student is hard work and requires self-discipline.n-I dont think Im a good student,but I dont think Im a bad student either.I like to enjoy myself and I dont want to study all the time like my roommates.It is important to participate in sports and other activities organized by our class.I work hard at exam time but during the rest of the term,I do just what is necessary to keep up with my classmates.2024/6/2510New College Englishquestionnaire1.Where do you usually sit in class?why?2.Do you often take notes in classes?If yes,what do you usually take down?3.Do you usually prepare for you lesson?4.Do you review the lesson after class?5.Do you have time to participate in the social activities?2024/6/2511New College EnglishThe perpetual studierThe average studierThe crammerThe never studierPerformance in classExtracurricular activitiessitting in the front of the class;taking notes,no talkingstudying sufficiently but not working more than necessarySitting in the place farthest from the teacher,grouping together;disrupting classnever studyingpreparing for new lessonstwo to six hours on weekdaystudying when they feel a threatditto2024/6/2512New College EnglishThe perpetual studierThe average studierThe crammerThe never studierAttitude towards a testSocial lifeAchievementpreparing five days in advancelooking over the notes;rereadingno studying until the last minutedittomissing out on social lifesocially adept than p.s.having few social skillsditto4.0 GPAsolid educationlittle educationditto2024/6/2513New College English Post-Readingn1.Understanding the Organization of the Text n1)Introduction(Para.1)Based on their study habits,students can be classified into three categories:the perpetual studier;the average studier;the crammer 2024/6/2514New College EnglishUnderstanding the Organization of the Textn(2)Category 1(Para.2):the perpetual studier Main feature:The perpetual studier studies all the time and misses out on social life.nCategory 2(Para.3):the average studier Main feature:The average studier studies sufficiently but doesnt work more than necessary and he/she participates in social life.nCategory 3(Para.4-5):the crammer Main feature:He/she studies only when the threat of taking a class over is very great.nAnother possible category(Para.6):the never studier Main feature:He/she never studies,not even before an exam.2024/6/2515New College EnglishUnderstanding the Organization of the Text n2.Understanding the Details 1)To answer questions at the end of class when the lecture is over.2)Because they lack social skills.3)Crammers manage to get by with an extremely small amount of studying.4)Before the exam starts or when the threat of taking that class over is very great.5)He/she will fail in all his/her exams and be forced to leave collage.2024/6/2516New College English3.Talking about Our Study Habits nThe typical study habits of Chinese students:n-They obey their teachers and do favors for their teachers if they are asked.n-They memorize a lot of information,so they have excellent memories.n-They finish their homework on time and often do more than is assigned.n-They take a lot of notes.n-They prepare very diligently for tests and exams.n-They aim for the highest score.n-They study by themselves.n-They work late and get up early.n-Some students are very well-organized.They make a plan for exactly what they want to accomplish when they are studying.2024/6/2517New College Englishdistinct1.readily distinguishable from all others 有区别的，不同的Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.II Language Points2024/6/2518New College English2.Easily perceived by the senses or intellect;clear明显的，清楚的There is a distinct improvement in your study.相关词语distinctiondistinctlydistinctivedistinctively2024/6/2519New College Englishdistinction n.He tried to draw distinction between men and women readers.a.差别差别 differentiationb.excellence or eminence优点，非凡a diplomat of distinction.2024/6/2520New College Englishdistinct v.s.distinctive1.The warbler is not a _ species.distinct2.The warbler has a _ song.distinctivedistinct 指某物与其他东西有显著的区别；distinctive 指某个特性或特点使我们能够区分某物与他物。2024/6/2521New College Englishdistinctly v.s.distinctively1.I _ remember having closed the door before I left.distinctly2.The two leaders acted _.distinctivelydistinctly 清楚地，显然；distinctively 区别地2024/6/2522New College Englishcover1.覆盖，掩盖：place one thing over Cover the table with a table cloth.Cover the sleeping child with your coat.2024/6/2523New College English2.travel a certain distance通行，经过；穿过He covered the distance in 15 minutes.The car covered 200 miles a day.2024/6/2524New College English3.足以支付，足以补偿(of money)be enough forThis check doesnt cover my expenses.Will$10 cover the cost of a new shirt?2024/6/2525New College EnglishI4.include;consist of 包含，包括This dictionary doesnt cover the whole of the English vocabulary.This discussion covered a wide range of subjects.2024/6/2526New College English5.have a size 范围，领域The city covered ten square miles.The recorded history covers a period of five thousand years.2024/6/2527New College English6.to report the details of 负责报导The best reporters were sent to cover the war.Cover the Labor Partys annual conference.2024/6/2528New College Englishadept adj.good at doing;very skilled 熟练的，擅长的熟练的，擅长的 to be adept in/at sth.;to be adept in/at doing sth.She is adept in music.He was adept at playing the Piano 2024/6/2529New College Englishadept v.s.adaptadapt:to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.使适合，使适应He adapted himself to the cold weather.When he moved to Canada,the children adapted to the change very well.2024/6/2530New College English2.It is amazing to watch a crammer trying to avoid doing homework.(L.40)1.It amazes me how people like this manage to get by with the extremely small amount of studying they do,but somehow they do.(L.36)3.It can be argued,of course,that there should be a fourth category the never studier,one who quite literally never studies not even at the very last minute.(L.51)2024/6/2531New College EnglishPassage ReadingnThey don t talk to anyone except to answer questions,and that only at the end of class when the lecture is over.(l.8-9)This sentence means that perpetual studiers dont talk during class.After the lecture is over they will answer questions if they are asked.In the sentence,that refers to(they)answer questions.n .the never studier,one who quite literally never studies not even at the very last minute.(l.51-52)This means that the never studier,as is suggested by the name,never studies even before an exam.2024/6/2532New College EnglishIII Sentences1.not only.but alsoIn college in any class,you will find widely different types of people,not only in personality but also in scholastic attitude.(P1)2.as long asHowever,they will graduate with a 4.0 grade point average and be successful in life-as long as they dont choose careers that require many social skills.(P2)3.nothing but(to)They seem to have the attitude that they are in class to do nothing but have a good time and attract attention.(P5)2024/6/2533New College EnglishIV Exercise1.How do they cope with the _ cold of the Antarctic?A excessive B extreme C extremely D extensive2.These two things are similar in form but_ in kind.A distinct B distinctive C distinctionD distinctly3.His report _ all aspects of the problem.A was covered with B is involved in C covered D is included2024/6/2534New College EnglishIV Exercise4.He says what he thinks,_ other peoples feelings.A as a result of B despite of C regardless of D for the sake of5.The experiment was an _ success.A amazed B amazing C amazement D amaze6.Sam is,_,an upstart.A not to mention B let alone C still less D so to speak2024/6/2535New College EnglishKeys to the Exercises:Vocabularyn 1.1)(1)B 2)(1)A 3)(l)B 4)(1)B (2)A (2)B (2)A (2)C 5)(1)C 6)(1)B 7)(1)A 8)(1)B (2)A (2)A (2)B (2)A n2.1)take precedence over 2)put in 3)not to mention 4)falls.into 5)missed out on 6)get by 7)leave.alone 8)in advance 9)racking my brain(s)10)regardless of 11)previous to 12)refers to.as 2024/6/2536New College English Translationn 1.It amazes me how he can talk for so long without ever saying anything interesting.n2.The books in the library are classified according to subject.n3.Although they look similar,these plants are actually quite distinct.n4.Bob racked his brain(s)trying to recall where he left the book.n5.This problem should be discussed first,as it takes precedence over all the others.n6.He bought her what she wanted,regardless of the expenses.n7.Theres no reason why you shouldnt tell them in advance that you are going.n8.Mary can get by with her old overcoat this winter.2024/6/2537New College EnglishPart IV Further Development n1.Communicating Strategies Examples of ways of communicating strategies:1)A reporter interviews the members o the group.Sample Reporter:Could you please tell me what strategies you use when you study mathematics?Student A:At the start of the term,I spend a day skimming over the contents of my new textbook.This will help me organize my studying.Based on the contents of the chapters,I will see if there are topics that can be grouped and studied together.Student B:Before each class,I read the content of the chapter and I try to do some exercises.IfI cant,I dont worry.But I will know what I have to listen to carefully.Reporter:What do you do in class to help you learn?Student C:Well,I listen attentively.I only take a few notes.I dont need to take many because if Ive studied before class,I know what is important.2024/6/2538New College EnglishCommunicating StrategiesReporter:What about your homework?How do you do that?Student D:I can do it quickly because I have studied before class and listened in class.I spend more time previewing chapters for my next class.Reporter:Do you read other math books?Student E:I try to find one good reference book.I take notes on my cards.Reporter:Is there anything else that you recommend?Student D:It is important to review all you have covered after about two months.Reporter:How would you describe the learning process in a mathematics course?Student E:I think it is different from the learning process in learning history or computer science,for example.For me,learning mathematics is like building a brick wall.All the knowledge is interconnected.If one brick is missing,the wall wont be strong.2024/6/2539New College English 2)The group prepares an advertisement with important advice on learning history.Learning Tips for History-Read historical novels.Watch historical films and plays.-Watch the news on television.Analyzing the present helps understand the past.-Talk and discuss with your teacher and your classmates.Talking is an important part of learning strategies.-Take notes on cards and keep them in your pocket all the time.-Use any technique that helps you memorize(rhymes,debates,games,etc.).n 3)The group prepares a poem or rhymes for remembering history details.n 4)The group prepares a presentation.n 5)The group prep&res a sketch or short play.n 6)The group prepares a role play with a teacher answering questions about strategies.n 7)The group prepares an E-mall message.2024/6/2540New College English Important Strategies for Computer Science n-To study computer science you have to know English.It is an expanding science and most of the publications are in English.The Internet is in English.n-Dont worry about making mistakes in computer science.You can do anything you can imagine.Trying is important,n-Use the computer as much as possible,but not just to play games.Practice is part of learning.n-Read magazines and books and use the information you find.2024/6/2541New College English2.Beliefs about Language Learning Categories:Role of talent in language learning;1),8)Role of practice:2),4),9)Contribution of the learning environment;5),10)Attitudes towards errors and mistakes:6),9),10)Role of grammar learning:11)Role of native-speakers:7),12)Role of formal instruction:3)Role of vocabulary learning:13)2024/6/2542New College EnglishReasons why l agree disagree:(1)n1)I dont agree with this statement because it shows a very negative approach.Some people are more talented than others,but everyone can learn.Some might have to work harder.n2)I agree that the only way to learn a second language is to keep using it.I need to play with the language to develop a feel for how it works.The language must become a part of me rather than remain an external mechanical system.I cant manipulate the language according to a set of instructions.n3)I agree that taking a course is a way to learn a second language,but it may not always be available.I can study on my own with tapes and books.2024/6/2543New College English Reasons why l agree disagree:(2)n4)Yes,I agree that speaking with other learners can be useful.Every time I pronounce a word or an expression,I find it helpful.My classmates often correct me.n5)I disagree that you have to live in an English speaking country in order to speak the language well.I know many people who speak excellent English but have never been abroad.n6)I agree that I will learn English better it my teacher corrects my mistakes.if I make grammar or spelling mistakes in my compositions,I want to know them in order to improve my writing skills.But I feel embarrassed when a teacher corrects a mistake in class.sometimes I am so embarrassed that I forget what I said.2024/6/2544New College English Reasons why l agree disagree:(3)n7)I agree that it is difficult to find a native speaker to practice with on a regular basis.There are so many students and so few foreigners.I go to the English Corner but there are tm many people around the foreigners.n 8)I agree that some people have a gift for learning languages.I have noticed several of my classmates who learn much more quickly than I do.It is discouraging sometimes.2024/6/2545New College EnglishReasons why l agree disagree:(4)n9)I disagree that the only way to learn a new language is by speaking even if you make many notes takes.I think it is better to do it later,otherwise you will lack self confidence.n10)I dont Know whether I agree or disagree that it is not good to listen to my classmates broken English sometimes I think my English gets worse when I talk with them,but other times I feel I learn from their mistakes.2024/6/2546New College EnglishAdvice to the learners:n1)Why dont you try to read a text without using your dictionary the first time you read it?Youll probably be able to understand most of it and guess what some of the words mean.n2)ft might help if you read through the book or article very quickly first just to get an idea of what its about.I think its difficult to read something for the first time and take notes as well.n3)I have exactly the same problem.I suppose