句子成分与结构概要课件

语法复习专题一语法复习专题一句子成分与结构语法复习专题一一、介绍与其重要性一、介绍与其重要性l句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。就能写出完整、正确的句子。一、介绍与其重要性句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能英语的句子成分：英语的句子成分：l一）一）主语：主语：Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.l二）谓语谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.The chance may never come again.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.动词动词/动词短语动词短语名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子英语的句子成分：一）主语：动词/动词短语名词代词数词tolMy father is a professor.lWhos that?Its me.lEverything here is expensive.lThe match became very exciting.lThe story of my life may be of help to others.lThree times five is fifteen.lHis plan is to seek work in the city.lMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings.三）表语表语 它的位置在它的位置在_之后。之后。是用来说明主语的是用来说明主语的_,_,_的的.系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adjadj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子My father is a professor.三）表语（四）宾语（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在般放在_之后。之后。_词后也会跟宾语。词后也会跟宾语。lShe covered her face with her hands.l We havent seen her for a long time.lDo you mind opening the window?l Give me four please.l He wants to dream a nice dream.l We need know what others are doing.l We should care more about our friends.动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子介词介词+名词名词（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_（五）定语（五）定语 是修饰是修饰_词词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之的名词之_。lThey are woman workers.lToms father didnt write home until yesterday.lMary is a beautiful girl.lThe play has three acts.lThis is her first trip to Europe.lChina is a developing country.lI have nothing to eat.lThose who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.名名前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词/to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名六）状语六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、的、结果、条件、让步让步、伴随情况等。、伴随情况等。l The best fish swim near the bottom.l I left the village five years ago.l I arrived late because of the traffic jam.l Well send a car to fetch you.l The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bonesl The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.l If he goes,so will I.l Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步七）宾语补足语。七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。lThey elected me captain of the team.lWe try to make our country strong.lWe found everything in good order there.lI should advise you to get the chance.lI saw him going upstairs.lThey found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的动词的复合结构复合结构七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上八）主语补足语八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语lI was elected captain of the team.lOur country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型l主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语l主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语l主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语动词系动词不及物动词及物1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 2）The city will become rich.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语l在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化变化”类：类：_.“感官感官”类类:_.“持续持续”类：类：_.其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是证明是)_get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainSeem appearturn out/prove(to be)1主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语get/become/turn/grow/gotasteExercisesl你的故事听起来很有趣。_.l把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.l这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.l这个计划证明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved（to be)practical.Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。_2主语主语+谓语谓语1）Building has started.主语 谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40.主语 谓语l_搭配：The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly.l_搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词2主语+谓语1）Building has starteExercisel我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。l小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴._l_.Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sings happily in the tree,the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。Ev3主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently.3主语+谓语+宾语1）The boss emplExercisel他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.l他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.l他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_4主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语主语 谓语谓语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He 可接双宾语的常见动词有：可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise l顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.l下学期谁教你们生物？_.lMr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way,has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr.White told me why he went abroad.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,5主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade.3）We found him a very good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）The vExercisel他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.l我建议他多读点书。_.l 他修了机器。_.l我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_Exercise(分析句子成分分析句子成分)1.Time flies.2.His father bought her a dictionary as a present.3.He took her bag and left.4.He looked worried.5.We made her our monitor.6.Its getting warmer and warmer.7.The moon rose.8.We should remain modest and prudent any time.9.I told her how to run the machine.10.You should keep the room clean and tidy.11.He plans to travel.13.She passed him a book.12.He is playing.14.Who knows the answer?1.Exercise(分析句子成分)Time flies.Thank you